Iimfazwe Balkan

iimfazwe ezimbini Balkan kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Iimfazwe okuqala kuphela emancipatory, umlinganiswa anti-Turkish. Landela-up iye zibangelwa ezingangqinelaniyo phakathi abaphumeleleyo kuloo mfazwe yokuqala.

I-Balkan Wars (kwinqanaba lokuqala) bavunyelwa ukuba kuchithwe baseTurkey evela eYurophu. Union of Serbia, Greece, Montenegro kunye eBulgaria izicwangciso bazihluthe ibango Ottoman zonke iifama kwintsimi yaseYurophu. Kamva, ngokunxulumene ne ekuphuhliseni ezingangqinelaniyo ngaphakathi kummandla Union, abanye wabuyela baseTurkey. Ngokubanzi, iimfazwe Balkan izakufunyanwa ukuqhubela ngakumbi ezingangqinelaniyo nkqubo angaphandle. Ezi silwa othile olukhawulezisiweyo kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Ngelo xesha linye iimfazwe Balkan negalelo kuphuhliso kobuchwepheshe emkhosini. Ngexesha amadabi kusetyenziswa moya entsha, ngwenya, izithuthi vehicles. Ukongeza, kwagqitywa ozinzisiweyo, kwaye ixabiso umpu enkulu, umatshini-umpu kunye zokudubula umlilo.

Balkan War Esokuqala ukususela ngo-Oktobha-9 1912 ukuya we-30 Meyi 1913. Kweli xesha, iMontenegro, Serbia, Greece kunye Bulgaria kwi-Union, ulwa Ottoman. Kwizizwana KwiiBalkans kwakufuneka enze umsebenzi obalulekileyo kwimbali inkululeko yesizwe kwingcinezelo feudal kunye baseTurkey. Noko ke, abanye backwardness yabalimi belizwe yaye ubuthathaka sabasebenzi, ngoncedo lwe-impiriyali angoongalo-kwimicimbi eli lizwe kwakhokelela ekubeni umthambo akukho nakwivukela, yaye iindlela emkhosini.

Balkan Union okhokelwa oohlohlesakhe Serbian kwaye Bulgarian, leyo zazifuna okukhulu kwelaseMakedoni. abameli Bulgarian azithathele ngokujoyina i Board of Western eThrace kunye Thessaloniki ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle iAegean. Kunye nale, abalawuli abangamaSerb kubalwa inzuzo ukufikelela kwi kuLwandle lweAdriatic ngu ukwahlukana Albania.

Ukukhawuleziswa lokuQala Balkan War kwabangelwa zaseSoweto e Albania kwaye eMakedoni, imfazwe Russian-Turkish. Isizathu sokuba zokupapashwa ekuqaleni intshukumo ezikhubekisayo yaba sokwala ukunikezela lokuzimela ukuya Turks of eThrace kunye kwelaseMakedoni, kwaye ayeke nokuvuselelwa amabutho Turkish.

Montenegro ukuqhambuka impi eyaqala ngomhla we-9 Oktobha 1912 Oktobha 18, imfazwe ukuba abaseleyo Union (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece). Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso namahlakani, umkhosi Turkish bekufanele ukuqhekeza ukusekelwa evela Asia Minor. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imikhosi emanyeneyo kuno Turks, hayi kuphela inani kodwa iingalo, kwaye umgangatho woqeqesho amajoni. Ngelo xesha umkhosi le Ottoman edlula kuhlela.

A igalelo elikhulu eMpuma umkhosi Turkish ubunzima eThrace. Wawela umda, umkhosi wokuqala nowesithathu Bulgarian woyisa isakhiwo wesithathu baseTurkey. Emva kokoyiswa angaphathi yesine umkhosi lwasempumalanga Ottoman wabaleka. amajoni Bulgarian ezimiswe Chataldzhinskih isikhundla, eluqilima ngokwaneleyo.

Emazantsi Macedonia imikhosi yamaGrike noloyiso kweli dabi Yenice kunye lasungula yosizi iSalonika, apho inkxaso yi kokuhlaselwa Bulgarian. AmaGrike, Ngaphezu koko, zixhaswa yi umkhosi Serbian kwaye ezikhuthazwa kwelaseMakedoni.

On the Aegean kugcwele yi-fleet Greek.

Kwempumelelo kumazwe ilungu le-Balkan Union Okwemfazwe wabeka phambi namanye amagunya ezinkulu kunzima ngokwaneleyo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya babesoyika ukuba kuloyiso eyinkunzi Turkish yaseBulgaria usenokusebenzisa umbuzo kwiStraits kwiimeko esibi ngenxa tsarist. Ngoko ke, lo mlawuli Russian wacela ukuba gxotha neemeko uye iintetho uxolo.

Ngenxa yoko, indawo enzima ngamazwe, ukungaphumeleli ukuthimba Istanbul Bulgarian lwagqitywa isgqibo phakathi Serbia kunye Bulgaria kwelinye icala no Turkey - phezu kwezinye. Kungekudala, Noko ke, inzondo yaqalwa. Kuphela emva kokuba lahluleka elitsha Turkish ukuxolelana umkhosi sasayinwa phakathi onke amazwe Union ne Turkey.

YeSibini Balkan War kwabangelwa ezingangqinelaniyo ngaphakathi Union. Amazwe zabonisa ukungoneliseki kwabo iziphumo ze-1 edabini. imisebenzi Military lwaqhutywa phakathi eTurkey, iMontenegro, Romania, Greece kunye eSerbia kwelinye icala no Bulgaria phezu kwezinye.

Ngenxa yoko le Bulgarians ekulweni ezilahlekileyo inxalenye enkulu kummandla eRomania wemka ukusuka Triple Alliance , wamcenga kufutshane Entente. Bulgaria ngokwayo esondela ukuya awodwa Austria-German.