Ii-Angiosperms liSebe lehlabathi lezityalo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokubaluleka

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uluhlu lwee-angiosperms zonke. Ewe, kwaye ukubiza iintlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwimvelo nobomi bomntu, kuya kuba nzima. Emva koko, ezi zityalo sele zinobukhulu obubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye abameleli babo baziwa njengezokutya, ezobugcisa, izityalo kunye nezityalo zokutshiza. Ziziphi iimpawu ezenziwa yiSebe le-Angiosperms? Impawu eziqhelekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kwezi zityalo ziya kuxutyushwa kwinqaku lethu. Ngoko, masiqale.

Biology: Isebe leAngiosperms

Zonke izityalo zembewu zinemiba ethile yokwakha eyenza ukuba ilawulwe emhlabeni. Zonke zivela kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngenxa yokulungelelaniswa kwezinto eziphilayo ukutshintsha iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Isebe le-Angiosperms, ngokwemiqathango ye-systematics, ngeli xesha linamaqela angaphezu kwamakhulu amabini anamahlanu amawaka eentlobo. Ngethuba ababengaphambi kwabo - iSebe leGymnosperm - bangamakhulu asibhozo kuphela.

Iinkalo eziphambili zeSebe leAngiosperms:

- ubukho beentyatyambo;

- ukwakheka komntwana;

- ukuphuhliswa kwembungu ngaphakathi kwenzalo yeembewu;

- ukuchumisa kabini;

- ubukho bembewu ejikelezwe yi-pericarp.

Ngokubonke, le miqondiso imisela iingenelo abameli beSebe le-Angiosperms bakwazi ukusabalala kulo lonke iplanethi, bekwazi ukwenza iimeko zeenkalo zeezulu kunye neebhanti.

IGolo- nePorosperm: ukufana kunye nokungafani

Kodwa emva kwezinto ezisiseko. Zonke izityalo zembewu zidibaniswa zibe ngamaqela amabini: iGolo kunye nePorosperm. Iikopi zeqela lokuqala zinkqubo zimelelwe kakhulu yiConifers yeklasi. Esi sisityalo esinobuninzi befom yobomi bokhuni, kunye nenkqubo yengcambu yentonga. Amahlamvu amelwa ngamagqabi amancinci - iinaliti. Siyabulela kubo kunye nobukho bee-resin zifundo, ezikhusela inkqubo yokukhuphuka kwamanzi, ezi zityalo zihlala zihlala zihlaza kwixesha lonke. Kodwa into ephambili kweli sebe kungabikho kweentyatyambo, kwaye ke iziqhamo. Imbewu ifumaneka kwisikali se-cones ngokucacileyo, azikhuselwanga. Ngoko ke, amathuba okuba ziza kuhluma azinjalo, kuba izondlo azaneleyo oku.

Isebe le-Angiosperms lidibanisa izityalo apho idiza yenziwa khona, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, isiqhamo. Ngaphakathi kwesi sigaba sokuvelisa, imbewu ikhuselwe ngokunyanisekileyo kuyo nayiphina imiphumo emibi yendalo, ifudumele kwaye inikezelwa ngobonelelo obufunekayo bezondlo.

Izinzuzo

I-Angiosperms yisebe lezityalo eziphezulu, ezingenakunceda ukuba zizuze. Ukongezelela ekukhuselweni kwembewu kunye nokudalwa kweemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphuhliswa kombungu, ukulungelelaniswa kwembewu ukusasaza kufuneka kuthunyelwe kubo. Ngokomzekelo, iziqhamo zeemephu zineemfuno ezikhethekileyo, ngenxa yokuba ziqhutshwa ngumoya lula. Ibhokisi lepoppy ngokwayo liqhekeke xa livuthiwe, likhula imbewu. Iziqhamo ezinonophelo zemithi yezithelo zinyamezwa zizilwanyana ezizidlayo, kwaye zikhuphe izidlo zokutya ezingapheliyo. I-Gymnosperms ayikho izithelo. Imbewu yabo ikhona kwiidon, ezingezizo zonke iziqhamo. Olu luhlumela oluguqulwe, lukhonza njengendawo yokumiswa kunye nophuhliso lwembewu. Abanalo isisitye sezinto eziyimfuneko ekuphuhlisweni kwembungu, okanye iindlela zokusasaza imbewu kunye nokusabalalisa kwezityalo.

Izahlulo

Isebe le-Angiosperms lihlangene kwiiklasi ezimbini. Into ephambili yale nqununu yile nombolo ye-cotyledons kwimbewu yegciwane. Iintsapho zeSebe le-Angiosperms - i-Odno-kunye ne-Dicotyledons-nayo inezinye iinkalo ezibonakalayo.

Isebe le-Angiosperms: isichazi-jikelele seMonocotyledons

Isebe leAngiosperms, iClass Monocotyledon, iquka iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600 ezilwanyana. Iifom zobomi abemeleyo ziyimifuno. Ukongeza kwi-cotyledon enye kwimbewu yembewu, abameli beli klasi babonakaliswe yinkqubo ethandekayo, ukubonakala kwamaqabunga alula kunye kunye, kwaye kaninzi, kuluhlu okanye uhlobo oluthile lweendawo. I-Cambium yimizimba yezemfundo elandelelanayo ye- stem, izityalo ezizimeleyo zikhoyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abayilo iinqwelo ezinamandla. Iklasi ye-monocotyledon iquka iiyunithi ezincinci ezincinci-iintsapho.

Izityalo Zentsapho

Isici esichaphazelekayo kuzo zonke izityalo zokutya zikho ubukho bomquba. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumsila. Esi sityalo sakhiwe ngenxa yokuba iifuni zemfundo zifumaneka kwiindawo. Abameli bentsapho bangqolowa, i-rye, ibhali, ingqolowa, ingca yengqolowa nezinye izityalo. Esinye isici sendlela yokutya isinentyantyambo engavamile, i- corolla yayo iguqulwa ibe yesikali. Inani leemigqabi lihluka ukusuka kwiintathu ukuya ezintandathu, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu. Ezi ntyatyambo ezinqabileyo ziqokelelwa kwi-inflorescences - i-whisk okanye indlebe enzima. I-ovary yenziwe ngamacapeli amabili. Ukuhlala kwamagqabi amabele ngaphandle kwee-petioles, kunye neendawo ezihamba ngokufanayo, zineengxenye ezintathu: isondo, ulwimi kunye nesitya ngokwawo.

Zonke izityalo ziyizityalo zokutya ezixabisekileyo. Ininzi yazo isetyenziselwa ukwenza okusanhlamvu, ufulawa, ukubhaka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesonka. Omnye wabameli bezityalo zokutya ushukela.

Unyanisi lweNtsapho kunye neLiliaceae

Isici saloo bameli beli ntsapho kubakho ukuguqulwa komhlaba ngaphantsi kwebhola - i-bulb. Iqulethe ukubonelelwa kwezondlo, ngenxa yokuba ezi zityalo zihlala zisebenza ngexesha elibi. Ama-Chestnuts kunye namaqatha abonisa abameli bentsapho. Kodwa izityalo zeqabunga zenza ama-bulbs, ngamanye amaxesha i-rhizomes. I-Tulip, intshontsho, i-hyacinth, i-lily of the valley, i- onion ye-goose, i- hazel grouse .. Ezi zityalo zibonakaliso zokuqala zentwasahlobo. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi eyomileyo, bayakwazi ukukhula kunye neentyatyambo. Emva koko inxalenye yabo yokufa ifa, kwaye i-bulb phantsi komhlaba ihlala isebenza ngexesha lokuphila labameli beentsapho uLily.

Amacandelo amaDicotyledons: iimpawu eziphathekayo

Siqhubeka siqwalasela iSebe le-Angiosperms, iiklasi zazo ziyaziwa bonke. Ngendlela, ama-dicots awona maninzi kuwo. Zinezibini ezimbini ezinobumba, intshumayelo yeengcambu, amaqabunga alula okanye anzima kunye neentsiba, i-palpate okanye i-vened venation. Kwisiqhelo sesibhakabhakeni kukho i-cambium-i-tissue yezemfundo. Inquma ukukhula kwabo ngobukhulu. Ngoko ke, izityalo ezinjalo zibonakaliswe ngolu hlobo lwendalo: utshani, izihlahla kunye nemithi. Iintsapho ezikule klasi zininzi. Ngoko ke, siya kuqwalasela kuphela ezinye zazo.

Rosaceae yentsapho

Le yintlobo yesithathu yeziqhamo zezityalo. I-Apple tree, pear, i-apricot, ipum, i-quince, i-cherry, i-peach -ba ngabanye abameli be -Rosaceae. Ziyakwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokulula kwabanye ngokuzibonakalisa iziqulatho: inentyantyambo eneenxalenye ezintlanu kunye neeninzi zezigulane kunye nexesha eliphindwe kabini. Inflorescence - ibrashi okanye i-scutellum. Kwaye iintlobo eziphambili zeziqhamo zidakamizwa kunye ne-apula. Ezi nkcubeko umntu usebenzisa ukutya kunye nokugcina, kuba baneempawu ezixabisekileyo.

Usapho lwezityalo

Iyunithi echanekileyo inegama elinye igama - iifubhethi. Ezi zityalo ziyakubonga ngenxa yesakhiwo seentyatyambo, ii-petals ezenziwe ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle zifana neflyflyfly ezinamaphiko aqhotyoshelwe. Kwaye negama lokuqala libolekisa uhlobo lwesithelo - ibhontshisi. Yomile kwaye ivuleke ngamabhonkco amabini kwintambo. Ngamnye wabo kukho imbewu. Intsapho ibandakanya amayeza, amafutha, ifowuni, izityalo zokutya kunye nezindlobongela. Abameli babo abafana nama-soybean, ipeas, iimbotyi, i-clover, i-licorice, i-acacia, i-peanuts nezinye izityalo.

Ntstshade

Iintlanga ezidumileyo ezimelela intsapho yaseNightshade, ngaphandle kwesityalo esifanayo ziyizambane, utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, ipropper enomnandi kunye nocuba. Iintyatyambo zazo zinezihlanu, kodwa i-sepals kunye neepalals zifakwe, kwaye iintlobo zeziqhamo zithengi okanye ibhokisi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezoqoqosho phakathi kwabo yimifuno nezityalo zoshishino, ezibandakanya ucuba kunye nemikhorka. Kodwa i-danara e-Solanaceous, i-bleached ne-belladonna zizityalo ezinobuthi ezinokubangela ubuthi obunamandla bomzimba womntu.

Iklabishi yentsapho

Iyunithi echanekileyo, enegama elifanayo ngummeli oqhelekileyo, uyaziwa nangokuthi yiCruciferae. Into leyo kukuba intyatyambo inezine iipalali, eziphambene nomnye. Ngaphandle lifana nomfanekiso wesiphambano. Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeklabishi, ziquka ukukhululwa, i-turnip, israyi, i-farseradish, isardard kunye ne-rapeseed.

Ukubaluleka kwama-angiosperms kwindalo nobomi bomntu

ISebe lezityalo eziMbali ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo malunga nawo wonke uluntu, isiqhagamshelo kwisitya sokutya, isiseko sobunzima bezinto eziluhlaza.

Phakathi kwezityalo zokutya, abameli beentsapho, izityalo, i-Rosaceae, i-Cruciferae zibaluleke kakhulu. Izityalo ezininzi zisetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza. I-licorice, i-marshmallow, i-valerian, i-tansy, i-wort yase-St. John, i-celandine. Iziqhamo zeziqhamo zentyantyambo zizityebi kwiivithamini, ngakumbi iCrobberries, blueberries, viburnum, dogrose, garlic kunye anyanisi.

Akukho nkcubeko yenkcubeko inokucingwa ngaphandle kwezityalo eziqhakazileyo, phakathi kwazo iirasi, i-daffodils, i-dahlias, i-asters, i-petuni, i-daisies, iinduli, i-tulips kunye nezinye eziqhelekileyo.

Iintlanga ezininzi zincibilika. Iintyatyambo zazo zinephunga elimnandi kunye ne-nectar elimnandi, elikhangela iintsholongwane zomoya. Phakathi kwezityalo ezinjalo zingabizwa ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-acacia, i-linden, i-buckwheat.

Kodwa kunye nabantu abathile beentyantyambo bafanele balwe. Ezi ziinkalo ezinobungozi: ingqolowa yengqolowa, iquinoa, i-stand-stand, i-gooseberry kunye nabanye. Kukho iintlobo ezinobuthi. Ngoko, ngesicelo esifanelekileyo, i-celandine inokubangela ukuxhalaba okunamandla, kunye neengcamango ezinzulu, i-hallucinations, i-consciousness control and delirium.

Iimpawu zeSebe le-Angiosperms zibonisa umbutho wazo ophezulu, owamvumela ukuba bathathe isikhundla esiphambili kwinkqubo yesityalo.