Opera kunye Ithiyetha Ballet "La Scala", eMilan, Italy: nkulu

Opera wazalelwa Italy nakwixesha elizayo apho kuphuhliswa njengokuba umculo nemidlalo yeqonga. Ukususela ekuqaleni iziko opera ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe bacinga Venice okanye Naples. Emva yemidlalo "La Scala" kwi ngokomyalelo Maria Theresa of Austria Queen yakhiwa, namasundu kolu hlobo hlobo iye safudukela AC Milan. Ngoko ke uhlala kanye le mini. Oku "yitempile opera", njengokuba kubhaliwe eziqhele ekubhekiswe kuyo kuluntu ekuhlaleni, ikwayara yayo, qembu-ballet okhestra nanto, edume ngokusebenza kwabo emangalisayo ehlabathini lonke.

Background Milanese ukuziqhenya

Theatre "La Scala" elimiswe kuloo ndawo apho yayakhiwe ibandla Milan, yaye kamva wamnika igama ukwakha elitsha. Isakhiwo yenzelwe ngaloo minyaka le wezakhiwo odumileyo Dzhozeppe Piermarini, wakha kwisithuba seminyaka emibini 1778.

Zonke ubungangamsha izakhiwo efihliweyo emva kwemi engqongqo kwaye ingakumbi azikaqapheleki, nto leyo ziyilwe isimbo neoclassical. "La Scala" (Milan) yakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, njengoko yatshiswa engaphambili, kwaye basebukhosini Italian lufune imfuduko ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukwakhiwa wacela ukwenza ezintsha. Ngoko ke, lo yangaphandle Ngenxa ndawo abazange ukunikela ingqalelo, kodwa zange kuchaphazela umhombiso embindini kwiholo kunye umsindo egqibeleleyo, ngokukhanya, apho yonke imithetho zithotyelwe kwindawo.

Ukongeza opera kunye ballet, isakhiwo eninzi iindawo apho ndandingasakwazi ukonwabisa ababukeli basekuhlaleni. Ezi amagumbi yokudlala ezahlukeneyo buffets, ayeba iindibano ezinkulu Card kunye enkulu ukuzonwabisa Milanese ngophakathi. Ngoko ke, ngokuba lonke ilizwe waba "La Scala" kule iziko lobomi lwentlalo. Milan waba umzi, elube lufuna ukufumana yeqonga-ezinkonzweni kunye nabathandi bayo bevela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Isakhiwo ayikho nje edlulayo inkqubo yokwakha, kwaye ngexesha Second World War sele bucinyiwe ngokupheleleyo ebusweni bomhlaba, uze emva koko wambuyisela ukuba ifomu yalo neloqobo yinjineli kwaye wezakhiwo L. Secchi.

Amagcisa kunye nabantu abakhulu, izithethi ezindongeni yeqonga

La magcisa kakhulu ixesha wadala imisebenzi yabo for "La Scala". Italy isoloko ikhangela phambili, eya kuvela ngexesha elitsha, delivshiesya ngelo xesha entwasahlobo, ehlotyeni, ekwindla kunye zomkhosi ixesha. Eyokuqala ezintathu basoloko ababukeli bavuya imisebenzi ezinzulu operatic, kwaye wesine ezinikelwe zebhaleyi Theatre Productions ukukhanya ezahlukeneyo.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba inxalenye enkulu yaba nkulu le nkundla umenzi opera esibhaliweyo inkosi edume con Bel - Gioacchino Antonio Rossini. Yaba nombulelo lowo weza vogue umdlalo uhlobo ngokunzulu uhlobo. Emva koko wabothusa abaphulaphuli kunye nemisebenzi yakhe Donizetti kunye Bellini, kwaye sacula edumileyo opera diva lwabo - Maria Malibran, Giuditta Pasta, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kodwa siganeko elibalulekileyo ixesha ukufika ku "La Scala" (Milan) yeyona umqambi Italian edumileyo Verdi Dzuzeppe. Yaba Bulelani kuye ukuba opera Italian iye uthandwa kangaka nje kuphela Italy kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Akukho twist kangako wekamva yaba imbonakalo kwindawo yokubonela, Arturo Toscanini, lowo kuthi uye waba Bulelani edumileyo komsebenzi emangalisayo imisebenzi 'Aida "kwiminyaka yabo omncinane. Phambi kwakhe, ngo "La Scala" Ndaba ngumqhubi, akazange ahlangabezane naziphi na iimfuneko kuyimfuneko, kodwa Toscanini umdlalo akunakuze nokuba ndizinyathele theatergoers ukufunda. Kamva, waba, ukongeza kwi ofisi yayo, umlawuli ngakumbi obugcisa, onikhuphileyo kakhulu utshintsho kubomi yeqonga.

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala yamashumi amabini, ngomhla amanqanaba "La Scala" Milan kunye abaphulaphuli bakhe yeqonga akwazi ukucinga ukulwa indlela opera diva iphambili kwenkulungwane ye kwisihloko prima ezifana URenata Tibaldi noMaria Callas. Kwakukho nosaziwayo ezininzi: Luciano eyindumasi iPavarotti, uEnrico Caruso, Montserrat Caballe, Plasiddo Domingo, kwakunye ilizwi ilungileyo Russia: Fyodor Chaliapin, Z Sobinov kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Yaba nkulu yosuku

Theatre kuvula iingcango zalo kubathandi vutshila owesixhenxe ka December kwaye lonyaka iphela phakathi ku-ehlotyeni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-opera "La Scala" kunokuba zombini bamandulo mihla. Ukususela nqanaba na ukuva imisebenzi abaqambi elidlulileyo kunye namaxesha langoku. Sibe nenxaxheba kuzo bayamenywa ukuba izinikezeli ilungileyo, abalawuli kunye nabadlali abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi.

Kanye qho emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yokubonela ubeka imidlalo abaziwayo ezifana kunye opera njenge "Aida", "Falstaff" yaye "Othello", umdali yayo Dzhuzeppe Verdi, yaye "Mam Butterfly" umqambi Dzhakomo Puchchini neyaziwayo ukuba abaninzi umsebenzi theatre-ezinkonzweni Vincenzo Belini "uNorma." Bona thaca noluntu lohlobo olungagqibekangaName kunye ukujijwa mihla - ngenxa parameters nanto zobugcisa yeqonga, bakwazi ukufezekisa nawuphi na benze na umlawuli, leyo ufuna ukuyisebenzisa yimveliso kumabala emidlalo. Ngoko ke, apha iintlobo usoloko akuthandileyo ababukeli bayo.

Ukongeza kwezi ezakudala ezinkulu, unako ukufumana Opera ukuze ilungele bonke Ukuthanda. Umzekelo, kukho abaqambi-kumgangatho wehlabathi ezifana Richard Wagner, Dzhoakkino Rossini, Gaetano Donizetti, Potr Chaykovsky, Indilisekile Musorgsky kunye uFrançois Charles Gounod.

Phakathi opera yemidlalo yeqonga ngexesha lonyaka ziyawuyolisa ababukeli eekonsathi ezahlukeneyo kunye nokwenziwa yi neenkwenkwezi ngamazwe choir yayo ehamba kunye okhestra.

Yiyiphi indima edlalwe yi-ballet?

Ukususela kwimihla zokuqala yeqonga vutshila ballet na indawo ebalulekileyo repertoire "La Scala". Milan nabaphulaphuli yakhe ngomhla kuvulwa wabona imveliso ezichulumancisayo "amabanjwa kweSipro", lo choreographer lowo ubesazeka kakuhle kubo bonke Legrand.

Phakathi iindonga yeqonga ukusebenza amadoda amakhulu abadlale indima ebalulekileyo ballet, ezifana L. Dupin, D. Rossi kunye uWilliam Garcia.

Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, inkampani ballet le yeqonga baba edumileyo kwaye ethandwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Emva kwethutyana sisezindongeni "La Scala" Ballet School yasekwa, apho wafundisa Abayili kakhulu.

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Okulandelayo endaweni yokubonela, nto leyo iqhele esinye isakhiwo, nto leyo likwaneklinkhi iintlobo imiboniso abekelwe nje kuphela "La Scala", kodwa ubugcisa lonke opera eItali liphela. Apha ungabona izinxibo, impahla kunye neefoto amagcisa eziziingangamsha, kwakunye iintlobo zezixhobo zomculo kwaye nkqu ezimbalwa imidlalo ibhodi, nto leyo ngexesha lakhe awayezithanda abaphulaphuli Bekubonela kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Uninzi nokuqokelelwa ezi zinto yathengwa kwi efandesini ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.

Amatikiti kunye nemithetho esebenzayo

Ukuze bangene ekwakhiweni yeqonga, kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine ikhowudi ethile yokunxiba. kufuneka Abantu abanxibe iisuti ezintle, kunye oosisi - in ilokhwe ende emagxeni nesigqubuthelo.

Thenga amatikiti ku "La Scala" angaba kusuke euro-25 kunye nesiphelo ikhulu ambalwa. Ngosuku lokuqala - i inkulu iindleko igalelo, kwaye engcono pre-ncwadi indawo. Ezinye ixesha wayetyelele yeqonga angakunika malunga namashumi amathathu euro, kwaye banikwe isibakala sokuba isihlalo egalari.

Nangona ezi amaxabiso, abathandi ezininzi opera zama ukufumana apha ekuqaleni lokulima.