Icaffeine - yintoni na le nto? Morphine ku umhlaza. Icaffeine - i iintlungu

Icaffeine - yintoni na le nto? Impendulo umbuzo, uya kufunda ngezantsi. Ukongeza, siza kuthetha noko kusetyenziswa eli chiza njengoko isetyenziswa njalo njalo.

Icaffeine - yintoni na le nto?

Xa uhlobo olunyulu "icaffeine" kuqulunqo i ngumgubo crystalline emhlophe. Hi ndlela leyi, "icaffeine" - igama layo ubudala. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igama iziyobisi livela igama lothixo Greek Morpheus, ngubani umthetho amaphupha. Icaffeine - a amayeza yi alkaloid of umlaliso. Yenziwe kwincindi ezomisiweyo le poppy umlaliso. Ukongeza, into inokufumaneka kuhlanganiselo imifuno ezinjalo, Stephanie, moonseed, sinomenium kunye nabanye.

ulwazi zembali

Icaffeine - yintoni na le nto? It is a lichiza kunye iintlungu, umthomalalisi kunye neziphumo thile. Ichiza, wayenza ngokwesiseko into enjalo, inxaxheba esetyenziswa yezonyango kwangethuba 1805. Ngaphandle ayenzi nasiphi na isibhedlele ngexesha leMfazwe Civil eMelika. Njengoko lichiza olomeleleyo iintlungu laqalisa amajoni akhe ababuleweyo butofelwe kwaye intramuscularly emva kotyando. Oku kube lula kakhulu ukubandezeleka kwabo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kuthetha kakhulu ngokukhawuleza enamazinga. Kungekudala, imeko ukugula emva ukusetyenziswa elide ichiza, wafumana igama layo njenge "sisifo Ijoni."

Njengoko usazi, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, icaffeine yasetyenziswa emkhosini nje kuphela, kodwa oogqirha abasebenzisa ifuna ukuba bahlukane ukudinwa.

Ifomu wokukhulula iziyobisi

Ukulungiselela "icaffeine" ifumaneka njengoko kumacwecwe 0,01 g,-1% solution ezineengqayi kunye isirinji-ityhubhu, 1 ml.

iimpawu ichiza

Ichaza icaffeine (ichiza), ungakwazi uphawu ngayo ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Iveliswe iziyobisi esebenzayo ngohlobo ziikristale acicular ezimhlophe okanye umgubo crystalline ezimhlophe into yellowing kancinane okanye sereet ngexesha logcino.
• Ngale ndlela kukuthi kancinci enyibilikayo emanzini kunye ngokuvimba enyibilikayo utywala. It asihambelani alkalis. Walungisa Isisombululo kufuneka inzala 100 ° C kangangesiqingatha seyure. Ekuzinziseni oko akwenza zehydrochloric acid.
• Ingongoma yokunyibilika yale ukulungiselela 254 ° C.
• isisombululo ujikelezo ngqo - 2%.
• Avuse kubushushu ka-261 ° C.
• Autoignition kwenzeka 349 ° C.

pharmacodynamics

Icaffeine - iziyobisi ummeli iqela analgesics opioid. Ngoko oonobangela Sisenokulila, ukunciphisa intlungu mpawu, izizathu yimvakalelo noxolo lwengqondo, kuphucula isimo, unika eqaqambileyo amathuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba nelona imeko. Le propati negalelo lokusekwa umzimba izangoma iziyobisi.

Ngeedosi eziphezulu, iindlela ezinjalo ukusebenza eqinile thile. Ukongeza, icaffeine abangaphangeliyo zonke ikhaliphe moya, amahlaba ebangela kwaye kucutha excitability weli ziko khohlo. Ukuphakamisa nethoni yelo izihlunu ngamalungu angaphakathi, kusiza spasm le sphincter ka Oddi kunye nesiqephu biliary. Ukongeza, eli chiza buthathaka kakhulu peristalsis isisu, kodwa ibalekisa yokulahla esiswini kuze kwandisa peristalsis.

Pharmacokinetics

Kwiimeko ezininzi, icaffeine (iintlungu) elawulwa yegazi, kwesikhumba kunye intramuscularly. Kodwa kunokwenzeka kwaye efakwa, lomlomo, ebulewe kunye intrathecal nokusetyenziswa. Eli chiza ako kunokuba ngokukhawuleza. Malunga nama-20-40% beziyobisi ubotshiwe kwiiproteni plasma. Drug "icaffeine" iqabele ngumkhaya kwaye ukonakala yokuphefumla yosana olungekazalwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi sixhobo ichazwe ngobisi lwebele.

Ulawulo Intramuscular okwenzeke icaffeine emva malunga 15-26 imizuzu. Ubuninzi distribution flow igazi afunyenwe emva kwemizuzu 35-45 kwaye ithatha malunga 3-5 iiyure.

Ichiza "icaffeine": application

Medicament "icaffeine" kusetyenziswa ndindisholo kwi zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nokwenzakala leyo zikhatshwa iintlungu zazinzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, kusetyenziswa ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kwaye postoperatively. Lidla omiselwe sokulibala, ukhohlo-khohlo esomeleleyo uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, nto leyo ibangwa acute ukusilela intliziyo.

Maxa wambi lithetha "icaffeine" lisetyenziswa practice X-ray ngexesha isifundo isisu, inyongo lwesinyi 12 tiperstnoj namathumbu. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ukusungulwa eli chiza kuphucula ithoni izihlunu isisu, ukuphucula motility yayo nokukhawulezisa yokulahla. Ngenxa kule exposure, iingcali kuba lula kakhulu ukubona nangezilonda, ukudumba nezibilini.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba icaffeine xa umhlaza inegalelo ekupheliseni ngokukhawuleza intlungu, leyo lula kakhulu imeko yesigulane. Kule nkalo kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba oku kuthetha:

• ofihla ubuhlungu syndrome kwentlungu, yobubi, iposi engabalulekanga, kunye angina eziguquguqukayo ;
• Oku kusetyenziswa ichiza supplementary zobulali okanye zomzimba jikelele ngexesha utyando;
• Oku ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuzalwa komntwana, ukhohlokhohlo (ukuba ezinye iindlela olungasebenziyo), kunye nokudumba pulmonary;
• eyabelwe i X-ray esiswini, tiperstnoj-12 colon nenyongo lwesinye.

Izimo

Eli chiza ayikho yanconywa hypersensitivity amacandelo, inhibition kweziko nokuphefumla (umz, nxamnye ityhefu utywala neziyobisi okanye) kunye nenkqubo luvo, kwakunye ileus unedumbe. Ukongeza, icaffeine ayikwazi zingasetyenziswa zomzimba nomqolo kunye ebulewe.

Isicelo ngokuqaphela okukhulu

Sebenzisa le ndlela okukhulu ngononophelo kufuneka ne esiswini ubuhlungu awukacaci yezizathu, ngokweemvakalelo lability, inyumoniya isifuba ukuhlaselwa, arrhythmias, unditsho, isiyobisi likhoboka, utywala, ukuzibulala notyekelo, gallstone izifo, kwakunye nangexesha utyando kwi wokuchama kwinkqubo esiswini iphecana. Ukongeza, eli chiza kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngononophelo kunye ukwenzakala ebuchotsheni, hyperplasia prostatic, hepatic okanye insufficiency kwezintso, lwegazi intracranial, stricture le urethra, hypothyroidism, isifo kakhulu kwesisu kwiintetho ezikralayo, nabanesithuthwane syndrome, ukukhulelwa, lokwaphusa nasemva isebenzela iphecana biliary . Icaffeine ukusetyenziswa ngononophelo kakhulu kufuneka kwakhona ibe kwimeko eqatha yezigulane, xa abadala kunye nabantwana.

balawule

Ukuphendula umbuzo icaffeine - yintoni na le nto, kufuneka umxelele malunga iidosi bakhe.

Kuba ulawulo ngomlomo isigulane kufuneka ubonane nogqirha iyafuneka. Ngapha koko, unyango kufuneka kukhethwe ngokuxhomekeke kubuzaza ngamnye nobukhali iintlungu. A ithamo elinye ichiza - 10-20 mg abantu abadala kunye 0.2-0.8 mg / kgdlya abantwana.

Ukuze ufumane i philisi elide obambeleyo umsebenzi idosi kufuneka ibe 10-100 mg kabini ngemini. Kuba Inaliti ongama - 1 mg, nangenxa intramuscular kunye efakwa - 10 mg. Le idosi iphezulu imihla 50 mg. Ukuba isigulane kufuneka ulawulo efakwa, kuyimfuneko pre-acocekileyo amathumbu na. Abadala suppositories sabelwe imali of mg 30 rhoqa emva kweeyure ezi-13.

libanda

Ukuba zisetyenziswa ngendlela engafanelekanga, isixhobo kungenzeka isigulana kulandelayo ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:

• xhopho ebandayo clammy;
• ukudideka;
• nokudinwa;
• uphathwe;
• ukozela;
• BP intracranial;
• bradycardia;
• uvalo;
• ubuthakathaka kakhulu;
• emzimbeni;
• inciphise uphelelwa ngumphefumlo ;
• umlomo owomileyo;
• ukukhathazeka;
• ukugula ngengqondo delirious;
• nesiyezi;
• hliswa wegazi;
• ukuba nemibono;
• yombono;
• nokoma kwezihlunu njalo njalo.