Ibihlungu ukubunjwa - inkqubo sporulation. izibonelo

Kwindalo, kukho iintsholongwane ukuba bayakwazi ekhethekileyo ukwenza sikuyo. Njengokuba le nkqubo kwenzeka, ukuba iingxabano ezinjalo, umfundi uya kufunda ngokufunda nqaku.

iimbambano

Ngaba izinto equka kwiseli enye, ngalo kukho uphinda-phindo kunye chithwa ngolunya. Yintoni na impikiswano? In translation - esi sityalo, kwembewu. Imbewu akwandise fungi, ubulembu, ulele, izityalo kunye ezinye iindidi iintsholongwane.

Iimbambano zahlukile. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo kunye fungi abawenza ngayo umsebenzi yokuzala, neentsholongwane - akukho. Imbewu ka iintsholongwane ukuzikhusela iimeko ezinzima, kodwa hayi zonke iintsholongwane afakwa propati.

Yintoni na impikiswano? Esi silwanyana na iintsholongwane kalishumi ngaphantsi Iseli ngokwayo, apho yenziwe. Oko kungonakalisa kuphela zintsholongwane okanye emlilweni.

Ukusebenza imbewu ukuba nomona. Ezi eziphila nga qhubeka ixesha elide, ukuya kwiminyaka eliwaka. Kodwa ke, kanye xa iimeko zivuma, ukuba senziwa similise, akhule ngokukhawuleza, wande.

Bacterium ibihlungu-yakheka

Imbewu bangaba kuphela iintsholongwane-iinkuni. Ngokuxhomekeka kubungakanani impikiswano:

• Eletha - ekuthiwa-micro-eziphilayo, i argument ubukhulu lingaphantsi kwe-ububanzi kweentonga. Yenza xa iintsholongwane sporulation akatshintshi.
• ZeClostridium - ngokuvunyiweyo inkulu kune sangqa iiseli. Iintsholongwane baqala ukudumba kwaye afuane osimelela ngentonga-ezimile.

Inkqubo sporulation phakathi iintsholongwane ezifana cocci kwaye kwalula inqabile kakhulu, umnyinyiva.

bacilli

Le ntsholongwane ibihlungu-ukwakha ngohlobo yeentsasa, akhawunti ngenxa uhlobo malunga namakhulu amabini iintlobo. Ezahlukeneyo ukusuka asporogenous iintsholongwane ubukhulu obukhulu. Phakathi bacilli kufuneka yayintsholongwane eyosulela, yingozi kwimpilo yabantu.

Ezi ziquka anthrax, nto leyo ke arhente causative of antratsis - eletha ungena nge unezilonda eluswini yaye kunempembelelo yityhefu kwi laphu, ezo zatshatyalaliswa koko. Iarhente causative anthrax yi phantse ukungafi. Alinako kutshatyalaliswa kunye ubushushu, ukukhanya, kunye nesenzo chemical. nokugonywa kuphela.

clostridia

Ezi bacterium ibihlungu-yakheka ingqondo, ngamanye amazwi kuthiwa nesibopho. Clostridia na ubukhulu enkulu nokumila stick egosogoso. Baya becala bahlala eziphilayo, ziphatheka yaye ukugogeka. Befundisi misila.

ZeClostridium zinezinto yayintsholongwane eyosulela, afakwa capsule-superstructure. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-bume yangaphandle akuthethi uqhagamshelane iseli, kuthe philisi.

Clostridia ezininzi kweentlobo, ezinye zazo zingaba iityhefu eziyityhefu ezifana botulinum yoluvo - poison onamandla organic. Umzekelo uhlobo yayintsholongwane eyosulela kakhulu Clostridia zingabameli causative izinto ezibolileyo, babe ngqi.

Ibihlungu uluhlu iintsholongwane

Le nkqubo lwenzeka ntsholongwane xa namandla ngokwaneleyo, umoya zokuhlala ezomisiweyo kukuninzi equlethwe imveliso kulo eziyingozi pathways, ukuhla elibukhali lobushushu zenzeke. Ngokufutshane: sporulation - indlela eqinisekisa ukuba ukusinda iintsholongwane phantsi kweemeko ezingentle. ISISHWANKATHELO ibihlungu owabumba sikuko into yokuba umsebenzi ngeentsholongwane kunciphisa sehlise izinga kweenkqubo metabolic.

сложный процесс. Ibihlungu ukubunjwa - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Le kukho icytoplasm iqala ukuphulukana ukufuma, oko lushwankathela kwaye buthathwa kumzimba iintsholongwane. Apho ke wambu iqokobhe ngci ngokwemaleko eziliqela kungenwa ukuba izisombululo ezahlukeneyo, aze kuthatha uhlobo ukuma elitsha setyhula, ovoid okanye okweqanda, leyo ibizwa ngokuba ibihlungu. Kwiqokobhe ashinyeneyo imbewu abaqolileyo DNA amagama kuyehla kube ubuncinane. iintsholongwane iseli Umzali ibhuqiwe, unina ulahlekelwa ityala impikiswano.

Ipesenti lweShell ubunzima lilonke imbewu ngu amahlanu ekhulwini. длительный процесс, для завершения которого необходимо около двадцати часов. Ibihlungu ukubunjwa - inkqubo elide, nto leyo eyimfuneko ukuze kugqitywe iiyure malunga namashumi amabini. Imbonakalo iiseli ukuze zihlale enye okanye watshintsha. Kuxhomekeke koko ubukhulu na imbambano kwaye ibekwe phi na. Ukuba embindini - ngoko iseli uba njenge ilamuni, i nomgqomo okanye yokuluka.

Ibihlungu ukubunjwa - utshintsho ukumila iseli njengoko Inqanaba lokugqibela le yinkqubo entsonkothileyo. Umzekelo, wagonyelwa eletha spores ukubunjwa kwenzeka ekupheleni yeseli, ebangela kuthatha kwifom entsha uphela uba ngathi ligqudu.

iintsholongwane ibihlungu-bokwakha ukumelana ngakumbi ebandayo, ngetshaneli, zandiswe okanye lukanina elifutshane elide, ukubekwa imichiza. Kukho kwezityalo iintlobo iintsholongwane ukubunjwa sporulation. Imizekelo yalo yokugqibela: agents causative kwezifo ezifana anthrax, yesi sifo, tetanus abanye abemi umhlaba saprophytic, lexi kumekaka emanzini omgquba.

iqhuma

Xa iqokobhe ingena kwiimpikiswano indawo evumayo kuye, uqala ukudumba. Le nkqubo lwenzeka nje iqokobhe lutshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha xa laphu iqokobhe iqwengiwe, ngale cage imiyalezo ezinkulu abaselula kokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle.

Ngale ndlela, imbewu imila iintsholongwane aerobic. iintsholongwane anaerobic ungalahli iseli imvulophu zabo zangaphezulu ngexesha sporulation. Ukususela ngaphandle, imbambano akuthethi uqhagamshelane medium, qhagamshelana zayo kwiseli inwebu kwenzeka. Xa kukho iimeko zivuma, izondlo ukungena iiseli ngalo ityala. Sikuyo isiqhuma.

Bacterium nokutya

Sporulation na iintsholongwane ezingathandekiyo ngexesha processing kunye nokugcinwa kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba le nqubo ithatha, ukuba alwe micro-eziphilayo ziya kuba nzima. Kuba kokutshatyalaliswa imbewu ekutyeni okunkonkxiweyo, umzekelo, imveliso kufuneka zicocwe, nto leyo umgangatho wayo uphantsi kakhulu. Ukuze ngokusisigxina kukugcina ubisi, ukuba iintsholongwane, yaye oku kukhokhelela ekufuneni ilahleko lepropati lokuqala vitamin A. ukuba uqaphele: iqondo lobushushu ubushushu ngexesha nzala - 120 degrees.

Pasteurization, ukuba agcine izondlo iphezulu, nobisi ndinobushushu degrees 80-90 bonke. Oku kuchaphazela ubomi ezikhabhathini: emaxhobeni ubisi ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke imbewu abafi ngexesha pasteurization, kodwa koko, xa lobushushu igumbi, baya kuntshula ze baqalise anandise ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yoko yaye imveliso ibhuqiwe.