Sulphuric acid. Iindlela zamalungiselelo. isicelo

Sulphuric acid liye lasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zabantu. kushishino chemical Modern kubandakanya oko kuluhlu zemveliso ezingundoqo, inqanaba iphumile sisalathisi engangqalanga amandla yemveliso eekhemikhali lizwe. Nyaka ngamnye ihlabathi livelisa malunga ne-160 lezigidi zeetoni iziyobisi.

Ngokweempawu zazo physico-imichiza, i-sulphuric acid kuyinto dicarboxylic acid, le ambaxa sulphur ifikelela igcwala karhulumente liphezulu (6). Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, imeko wamandla acid sulphuric imele ulwelo enzima olunamafutha abangenawo umbala, okanye ivumba. Sulphuric acid isetyenziswa isisombululo. Njengoko nesinyibilikisi zingasetyenziswa amanzi eziqhelekileyo, nesalfure trioxide. Oku kucingwa ukuba isisombululo zolwelo, ukuba umlinganiselo inani molecule sulphur trioxide ukuya umlinganiselo wamanzi lingaphantsi kwe umanyano. Ngaphezu kusetyenziswa eli binzana index - sulphur trioxide isisombululo in sulphuric acid okanye oleum.

Sulphuric imveliso asidi inika oku ezixabisekileyo indalo mveliso nezichumiso inkqubo ezimbiwa, lisetyenziswa njengento electrolyte kwi iibhetri abakhokelayo-asidi, esiti yinxalenye enkulu ekulungiseleleni neetyuwa ezininzi izimbiwa kunye asidi. Chemical okuzenzela, idayi, umsi-esivelisa kunye neziqhushumbisi kwezobugcisa yayo yokuvelisa sulphuric acid. Ngaphandle akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso ioli, intsimbi, elukiweyo, isikhumba kunye namanye amashishini.

Nkqu yokudla khange ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi - nokufumana E513 additive ukutya (emulsifier). Industrial Organic yolungelelwaniso, emzimbeni (inkqubo ukuze bafumane esters, diethyl kaEtere), ukuxovwa (imveliso ethanol ukusuka ethylene) sulfonation (imveliso ye iisepha kunye intermediates nokulungiselela iidayi), alkylation (kuyondelelaniswe isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene ethers), nentlaka recovery amacebo imida imveliso amanzi enkolo - akukho nanye yezi nkqubo ayikho ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kwe-sulphuric acid.

Ukuveliswa sulphuric acid unika umsebenzisi nokungundoqo iziyobisi - nezichumiso yokuqaphela. Umzekelo, ukuba bavelise ithani izichumisi phosphate kuyimfuneko ku tirhisa ukusuka ezimbini ukuya tonnes emithathu enesiqingatha kwe-sulphuric acid. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, amashishini acid sulphuric baphathiswa ukuveliswa kwe-sulphuric acid, kunye mveliso zokwakha nokuvelisa nezichumiso.

iindlela ezimbini processing zisetyenziswa ukuveliswa kwe-sulphuric acid. Sulphuric imveliso asidi yeyona ndlela iphambili contact kwaye alithoba ekhulwini, oxide (Tower) indlela umntu obukho ngaphantsi. Ngaphandle iintsilelo ihlelo nganye, ukuveliswa kwe-sulphuric acid evela pyrites oxide asuswa ngenxa yokusebenza nomtsalane ngakumbi iindleko, ucoceko, kunye ingqalelo eliphezulu imveliso ogqityiweyo ngamashishini.

Ekufundeni qha sulphuric acid yezityalo indlela yokuqaphela, imveliso acid sulphuric ikuvumela yahlulwe ngamanqanaba amathathu. Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala, kaJohn pyrite, kuba loo njongo bhaka eziko kwi ekuthiwa-"umandlalo fluidized". Inqanaba lesibini liquka igcwala kwe-sulphur dioxide sulphur oxide (VI), yaye kwinqanaba wesithathu kumalungiselelo oleum, evotwa kwiitanki wathumela kubathengi.

sulphuric acid indlela yemveliso oxide iye ayifumanekanga ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa lwemveliso ntumbuluko imveliso asanelanga, ngoko kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo.

Enoba ubuchule kunye neendlela yokulungiselela, ukuveliswa kwe-sulphuric acid kufuna kubavelisi ukuze sinikele ingqalelo awongezelelekileyo ukuya ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo.