Yintoni na imbambano eziphilayo (ntsholongwane, umngundo kunye nezityalo)?

Ngoko ke uhlobo olulodwa zeeseli kunye kwiqokobhe ngokwanelisayo ashinyeneyo. Yintoni na imbambano? Babe iindidi ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo: iintsholongwane, umngundo, kunye nezityalo. imisebenzi yabo eyahlukeneyo. Ukuba iintsholongwane ukuyilwa ezi seli isebenza njengendlela ukukhusela kwiimeko engentle yokusingqongileyo, indlela ulondolozo lweentlobo, izityalo kunye fungi - kananjalo ukuzalela. Isibakala sokuba iingxabano ezinjalo eziphilayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi umdla oyifundayo kweli nqaku.

in amagciwane

Igama elithi "impikiswano" imvelaphi zamaGrike yaye lithetha "imbewu" okanye "imboni." Yintoni na imbambano ntsholongwane? Ezi eziphila zezona abemi kakhulu ehlabathini, sifanele sibe ukhuseleko ubuninzi nxamnye nazo zonke iintlobo iintlekele eziye kwenzeke onke la maxesha. Kwaye indalo ubanike i nomda ogqwesileyo zokuphepha ongenawo analogue. Iintsholongwane ukumelana ukukhenkcisa nitrogen ahlale kweegiza ashushu, apho ubushushu bamanzi ifikelela phantse ku abilayo. Phila amanye amagciwane kunye namachibi asidi, kwaye bume emanzini. Baphila kwaye phezulu emoyeni, yaye nzulu emhlabeni kunye namanzi, eshiya imbewu yonke virus. Kuthetha ukuthini? Ukuba iimeko zokuphila ntle, igciwane uyafa yaye yenza uhlobo oluthile bobukho, ngokuba ibihlungu.

Igcina uhlobo

Loo utshintsho, a ekubumbeni omtsha umzimba kubangelwa, njengoko umthetho, ukunqongophala kokutya, lobushushu notshintsho nokufuma. Ngoko ke, ngathi, "i-inshorensi" neentsholongwane, kwaye kule fom igcinwe khona, ukuba inshorensi ekutshabalaleni ukuba inani leminyaka. Imbewu ezahlukeneyo bacteria khangela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye inegciwane hay bona embindini kunye musa igqithe ubukhulu be micro-eziphilayo. Abanye - ngaphezu ubukhulu kwaye zibekwe ekupheleni kwiseli. Ukuba yengxabano ngaphakathi igciwane (a silwanyana kungenzeka omnye kuphela), oku endospores. Le leentsholongwane, kwenza imbambano, ebizwa ama. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba imbambano ehlanganiswa i esingxotyeni ezongezelelweyo zokuzikhusela, kunye nabanye iseli njengoko iyabuna kude. Ukwenziwa entsha inkqubo yotshintshiselwano lunqunyanyisiwe, akukho neze kulwelo kungakhathaliseki kunciphise kakhulu umthamo, ngokungathi "unciphe".

Yintoni na impikiswano fungi?

Le Ubukumkani nomngundo, ukudibanisa ezinye iimpawu zazo zombini izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, yonke into kancinci eyahlukileyo. Kukho imbewu izenze ngenjongo yokuzala. Yintoni "i" ku mycology (isayensi lifunda fungi)? kukho phezu komhlaba, ngokutsho kwezinye izazinzulu, iintlobo ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye zomngundo. Baye babe yinxalenye emhlabeni, komhlaba izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Njengoko ngundo kwaqhenqetha ngokusebenzisa ezweni ngesantya onjalo?

Kwaye kwenzeka ngenxa iimbambano, eyenzelwe ngemvelo yokuvelisa kwakhona. Imbewu ye ngundo iqulethe enye okanye ngaphezulu iiseli ezincinane. Kukho ootitshala abambalwa kakhulu izondlo, ukuyilwa luhlobo mxube. Zavuleka ukukhanya kakhulu, ngoko ke "ukuhamba" ngoncedo ngumoya namanzi, kunye inxaxheba kwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Abaninzi kubo bafe ngexesha elinye, ezinqabileyo - kusinda. Zincitshiswe uhlobo ukufa; zavuleka enkulu. Ngokomzekelo, amakhowa bangaba up imbewu mane billion ngeyure! Kanye iimeko zibonakalisa kakuhle, imbewu abasindileyo ihlume, kunokubangela entsha mycelium. Kukho ubungqina ukuze kwakhiwe maqanda (mitospory) kunye ngokwesondo (meiospores) yokuzala. imisebenzi yabo eyahlukeneyo. yenzelwe kuqala ubunzima nokuhlaliswa, ukwandisa amandla sexesha lokukhula. A yesibini - kunokuba ukuphucula umgangatho ukuzala.

kwizityalo

Yintoni na imbambano kummandla enezityalo? Zonke izityalo kwifomu omnye okanye omnye, bangaba sikuyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba sporogenesis. Noko ke, ibihlungu ebizwa ezo zityalo ukuba athiwe saa ngokobuxhakaxhaka zande ngokusebenzisa zezi fom. Esi senzo ulele, iifeni, ubulembu, iklabhu ubulembu, horsetails. Kukholelwa ukuba kule yokuzivelela (malunga nama-400 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo) ukusuka lisiza eluhlaza kwenzeka izityalo eziphezulu ukuba zande ngo imbewu - Rhyniophyta. Bona - okhokho zonke luwela imbewu ephakamileyo fauna ezikhoyo ehlabathini namhlanje.