Ibali ngokuphila kunye nesishwankathelo yayo: "Indlela endaba umbhali," Shmelev

Umbhali odumileyo Russian kunye yekhasi Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev, nezibonakalisa usapho lwam, linika le nkcazelo: Muscovites, Amakholwa Old, amafama ashishinayo. Njengoko ubona, kokwabo nezazi phakathi ababhali akukho ngapantsi. Ukukhankanywa loo nto iqulethe ibali (ngezantsi - summary) "Indlela endaba umbhali," Shmelev.

ebuntwaneni

September 21 (3 Oktobha), 1873 - umhla wokuzalwa yombhali. A indawo ukuzalwa Zamoskvorechye. Kungenxa kule nxalenye eMoscow, ekhaya ekhaya umthombo ubuchule kukho iinkosi elizayo igama Russian.

Uyise nonina babengazi ukuba imfundo ekumgangatho ophezulu, kodwa uhloniphe imithetho ookhokho bethu, baba zonqulo, nzima. Isimo sengqondo esinjalo kubomi wegqitha ebantwaneni.

Eli bali, "Indlela endaba umbhali," iqulethe Isiqwenga echaza uTshawe kwabaNtwana abasaKhulayo. Umfundi uthathwa kucacile ukuba ngaloo minyaka, uqalisa ukwakha ukukwazi Shmelev ngendlela yakhe ukubona ihlabathi, umnqweno ukuba kulo yaye basebenzisane bonke na kuwo.

Impumelelo enkulu okwesihlandlo sokuqala

Apha ebalini "Indlela endaba umbhali," Shmelev ubalisa ibali amava yakhe yokuqala zoncwadi. Yaba imveliso ye "i Mill". Wawubhala emva kokuba isikolo igrama kwibakala 8, oko kukuthi, xa yena umfana.

Le mveliso lifumene amanqaku amahle, "Russian Review" Umhleli phephancwadi kunye yapapashwa ngaphandle izilungiso kunye bangayicenti. Ukongeza, umbhali oselula wamenywa ukuba basebenzisane kweli phephancwadi. Kuba umfana ukuba ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. Nangona Shmelev ayekholelwa ukuba zonke kwenzeke ngokwalo, impumelelo khon ', kodwa ixesha elide - "zifake' ezinye izinto ukuyenza.

Amanyathelo ukuba impumelelo kuqala

Yintoni isizathu sokuba impumelelo umbhali, utyhila umsebenzi ngokwawo kunye nesishwankathelo yayo. "Ndaba njani umbhali," Shmelev - ibali, inkumbulo, ngoko iqulethe iinyaniso biography echanekileyo hero yethu.

Esengumntwana, yena umntwana nomdlandla, wayesazi Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol kunye nezinye ababhali Russian. Eklasini sesithathu Izabelo waba nomdla imisebenzi Jules Verne. Ngoko wathabatha le nkwenkwe ukuba usebenzisa ibali umbhali ayithandayo, wabhala umbongo wakhe. Le mibongo abaye baphumelela phakathi kwabafundi aphakamileyo esikolweni, kodwa utitshala iincwadi ukudunyiswa babe Amaqhawe imisebenzi neembongi abatsha abangama nje utitshala.

Ezinye ezaqanjwa SHmeleva utitshala zange ukunika uvavanyo eliphezulu. Isizathu kukuba ezi mveliso zibe ifomu kunye nomxholo labe, ngaphaya umda le program. Isiphumo ukungaqondani phakathi kootitshala kunye umfundi ukuba lo mfana wasala kunyaka wesibini.

Emva kwexesha elithile, umbhali waqonda ukuba kukho uvuyo olukhulu. Utitshala iincwadi Changed ovunyelweyo ukubhala nantoni na afuna umbhali kancinane. Ngeli xesha, a lot of zingoma ziye ebhaliweyo echaza izizathu yesikolo Shmelev wafumana kuphela "ezintlanu" kunye a plus enkulu.

Izizathu impumelelo

Xa ufunda ibali okanye isishwankathelo "Indlela endaba umbhali," Shmelev, uyazi ukuba kubalulekile ukufumana indlela umntu oya ikhombe kwicala elifanelekileyo, abakhuthaze ishishini. Kwaye kusenokuba yeyona nto iphambili ebomini. Abantu abo zikungqinge - esinye sezizathu nayiphi na impumelelo, yaye zokudala kakuhle.

ukwazi Natural kunye nokukwazi ukufumana nemincili malunga nomba besekho Shmelev ngonaphakade. Xa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo obomi bakhe wayenomdla kileyo, yaye kwizityalo ezifunyaniswe kunye nobomi babantu kweeklasi ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezinye izihloko ezininzi. Konke oku kubonakala umsebenzi umbhali bamrholela kwimpumelelo ehlabathini lonke. Makabongwe imisebenzi yakhe zoncwadi wamnika Bunin, Kuprin kunye nezinye ababhali abadumileyo.

Ibali okanye isishwankathelo "Indlela endaba umbhali," Shmelev kwenza kucace ukuba umfundi, indlela nzima ukugqithisa umbhali ukufumana ingqalelo jikelele.

Uhlobo zetekisi ebaliswayo yombhali

Ngokuphila kwimbali yobomi bali "Indlela Ndaba umbhali," isishwankathelo leyo esixubusha, lelinye ixabiso elikhulu umfundi. Yinto elumke kunene, kunye nobuchule olukhulu, Ivan Shmelev uchaza inkqubo yokuba umntu umlinganiswa. Kwaye iqala yabantwana yasekuqaleni.

UTshawe ubona zonke izinto ezingqongileyo iphile. Wonke umntu iphupha, umnqweno ngasese. Kodwa ukuqonda ezi zinto azikwazi mntu kodwa inkwenkwe encinane. Loo umbono ihlabathi ithetha nomfanekiso osisityebi, imibongo, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo kuya kukunceda ukuba ube inkosi oluphawulekayo zelizwi.

hero yebali ithi ukukwazi ukubhala kuyo yonke ngequbuliso, ngequbuliso, kwaye ibali "I Mill" yabhalwa uyaguquka. Kodwa umfundi uyakuqonda ukuba izakhono buyalolwa ekuhambeni kweminyaka, kwanokuba xa utitshala kwezobugcisa ulwimi kuvunyelwa ukuba babhale yonke kunye naliphi na inani. umsebenzi onzima, ukusukela ukugqwesa, ubuchule ukonwabela imiphumo yomsebenzi wabo, uxanduva olukhulu into oyenzayo - iimpawu eziphambili hero kwebali "Indlela Ndaba ngumbhali."