Kundera, Milan (Milan Kundera). Kundera Milan "yesandi Enganyamezelekiyo Izinto"

Kundera, Milan - edume Umbhali Czech. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe imibongo, koko wafumana ubizo lwakhe iprozi.

umsebenzi Early

Kundera wazalelwa kwisixeko Czech ka Brno. Uyise wakhe Umphathi yunivesithi kunye oyingcali okulungileyo umculo. School of umbhali elizayo izidanga ngowe-1948. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe, wabhala umbongo, wazama ebuhlanti. Kodwa, Isimanga, emva kokuba wangena Faculty of Philosophy, apho bamatasa musicology. Emva kokufunda konyaka omnye, wathi zigqithiselwe kwiSebe kweefilimu, apho wafika wasebenza kamva kunye Kundera. Milan ebesoloko waba ubudlelwane enzima nezintsonkothileyo kunye nezopolitiko. Njengoko umfundisi kwisebe kunye nelungu iiplanga lomhleli woolindixesha ezimbini yoncwadi, wagxothwa Communist Party of zengqondo kuzimele kunye nemisebenzi anti-party. Kodwa ke kungekudala wabuyiselwa.

Umsebenzi wokuqala yapapashwa wabonakala ngowe-1953. Udumo uza kuye emva kokukhutshwa ingqokelela yemibongo. Ngelo xesha, Milan Kundera, ogama iincwadi ngokuthe ngcembe ifumana abantu, nto leyo kakhulu kunene inxaxheba kwidrama kunye nezincoko. Le mpumelelo iye yazisa yingqokelela yamabali amafutshane "Funny Uthando".

Umbhali yokuqala inoveli

Izimvo zopolitiko umbhali eboniswe inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Joke". Milan Kundera emxelela malunga kwiStalinism, ngqwabalala bagxeka esi senzeko. Kuba 1967 incwadi kakhulu mlonyeni. Le noveli sele iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi, yaye ngoko nangoko kwaduma. Ngenxa ukukhanya emangalisayo Kundera Milan ubalisa ibali yokukhathazeka kwabantu exutywe okulahla inkqubo yezopolitiko. Ngokulungelelanisiweyo zayinxalenye salo mxholo ezintsha iziqhulo nemidlalo. Lyudovik Yan - kwinoveli - a joke ihlwempu, a joke itshintsha ubomi. Kundera kuzisa ibali lakhe engenangqondo. Le ncwadi ukhangela pretty limfiliba yaye ndiyingwevu, kodwa sasisenamandla kakhulu.

Kundera, Milan: "Le Enganyamezelekiyo ukuqaqamba Yokuba '

inoveli emangalisayo deep Kundera umxholo lowo. Mhlawumbi ethandwa kwaye eyaziswa kakhulu incwadi yombhali. Kuyo, uzama ukwenza intsingiselo yenkululeko bulumko womntu, ulonwabo lwakhe. Umbhali uphinde athathe indawo umfanekiso esitsha kwimbali zinzame ngokuvelelwa kwabantu ubudlelwane zemveli zabantu abaqhelekileyo. Abanye abafundi babe nembono elibi lo msebenzi; kuba kakhulu intshukumo encinane. Le noveli izele ezisungulwe lombhali, exoxa nabantu bakhe kuphambuko kuso. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukho nomdla le mveliso. Xa inoveli, ezo nokubhaleka ezimbini. KwiVangeli ebhalwe nguye ubalisa bayahlelwa Theresa noTomas, kwaye eyesibini - uSabina noFranz. Aphila, njengoko kubonakala xa uqala kuqala, ubomi ixhaphakileyo. Uthando, phula phezulu, inxaxheba kwizinto zomsebenzi oqeqeshelweyo. Noko ke, ngo-1968 kukho iziganeko zezopolitiko enjalo utshintshe yonke into. Ngoku, aphile kwaye uzive ukhululekile kunokuba kuphela abo bamthandayo kubusa eSoviet. Njengokuba kubhaliwe yaziwa, ngowe-1968 kweso sixeko Czech Sasihamba kwamatanki yiSoviet. Baqala leentshukumo zoqhankqalazo mass apho inxaxheba Kundera. Milan kuba ahluthwe ilungelo ukufundisa. A ingqondo yokunqongophala inkululeko, uxinzelelo okusaqhubekayo umbhali inoveli. Le noveli iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye kwenziwa movie.

Iimpawu ezithile iinoveli

Enye iinoveli ongasoze ulityalwe ababhala Milan Kundera - "The okuzibeka waltz". Kuyenzeka ukuba ukwaba abalinganiswa ezisixhenxe eziphambili. La ngamadoda namabhinqa, baya kuphuhlisa ikamva labo bobabini - engacacanga. Ibhalwe ngu ezithile emangalisayo izibalo Again kunye ixutywa ngabalinganiswa, ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba omnye komnye. Le noveli izele inkanuko, ngamayelenqe, iimvakalelo. It singachazwa njengento inoveli ngokwasengqondweni ngokundibamba i (nomcuphi) uhlobo kunye nedrama mthetho.

ingqondo iprozi wobugcisa - inoveli ukuba wadala Milan Kundera - "ukungafi" (1990). Le ncwadi yakhiwe inxitywe kwemibutho evelayo emva Heroine senzo sinye. Hi ndlela leyi, oku ke inoveli lokugqibela ezibhalwe Kundera ngolwimi Czech. In French zabhalelwa iinoveli ezifana "baba", "sobunyani". I inoveli "iyalibala" i zifundo kumanyana ngakumbi, nto leyo kunzima ukufumana omnye umxholo (ukusukela ukuba kukho ezininzi). A inoveli malunga nendlela abantu badla ukufikelela into, bengazi into yokuba kuphela okumnandi injongo, kodwa hayi nje kuphela. Kukho kuye ingqalelo mibala yovavanyo linxano. "Sobunyani" yamaRoma ivula umfundi anzima olungenasiphelo zezinto kunye uthandani, apho kunzima ukuqonda ukuba yintoni ngokwenene into ecingelwayo noko lolokwenene. Lo msebenzi ihlaziya kwimixholo ubuhlobo, iinkumbulo, iinkumbulo.

ubomi Further lombhali

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, emva kokuba umsebenzi yeCzechoslovakia amabutho yiSoviet Kundera umnakekeli isithuba eyunivesithi. Waqhubeka ukusebenza iinoveli bakhe, kodwa akukho namnye umsebenzi wakhe ipapashwe. 'esweni ubomi bentshontsho kwanyanzeleka ukuba ashiye ilizwe. Nasemva kweminyaka emininzi kangaka umbhali ivele kungathenjwa ncam i-Russian (ngoko ke utsho Kundera). EMilan uya eFransi. Yena uhlala apho ukususela 1975. Ngowe-1981 waba ngummi ngokupheleleyo kweli lizwe. Kangangexesha elide abhale Iinoveli ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe, kunye nezincoko kunye namanqaku - isiFrentshi. Kudliwano-ndlebe kunye Kundera wathi, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye ababhali - bathinjwa - yena azive bahlukana emhlabeni zabo zomthonyama, ngoko ke onokuyenza ngamandla alo.

Kundera Milan ngayo uncwadi

Kanye umbhali zonke, Milan Kundera yi fan wangumququzeleli yoncwadi. Ngokutsho umbhali, nempembelelo enkulu waba phezu imisebenzi yeenkosi ezinkulu amagama afana Fransua Rable kunye Deni Didro. Xa imisebenzi ezi ababhali Kundera etsala umdlalo, isigqebelo, "inkululeko, yaba inoveli." Kakade ke, oko akuthethi soyike Kundera kunye compatriot yakhe - Frantsa Kafku. It ngokufanelekileyo ubiza uphawu kwexesha. Ukungabikho ukholo inkqubela, ezinye ukudana, uhlobo nolulahlekisayo liphucula eluntwini, lo isigqebelo - yiloo nto owuthanda iinoveli Kundera ngayo Kafka.

Xa iincwadi Russian, umbhali ingakumbi igxininisa nobuchule LN Tolstoy. Ngokutsho kwakhe, uTolstoy waphumelela kuba andifani nabanye ababhali ukuba zifake modernity, bafumana ixesha elithile. Le asinto ibalulekileyo Tolstoy - ekudalweni kukho omnye lwangaphakathi. Milan Kundera ukholelwa ukuba uTolstoy yaba sisandulela le "umsinga lokuqonda" yoncwadi, kuphuhliswa ngakumbi imisebenzi Joyce kunye nabanye ababhali-modernists kunye postmodernists.

Famous amazwi umbhali

Ngokunzulu bulumko, umbhali ingqondo yenoveli kube ngokoqobo "luyanqanyulwa 'ukuba quote. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iingxelo ze umbhali, zingafakwanga kwimisebenzi yakhe.

"Ndiyithiyile ukuba negalelo kwezopolitiko, nangona kwezopolitiko owuthanda me nje ibonisa, intlekisa." Esi sicatshulwa yenziwa ngumbhali malunga unyulo eFransi ngokunduluka kwakhe evela lizwe. Kakade ke, ukuze nkqubo Kundera kaThixo - kabuhlungu emehlweni.

"Life, xa ungakwazi ukufihla emehlweni kwabanye - oku isihogo." Kwesi sicatshulwa wabeka wonke; sengqondo bakhe kurhulumente yileyo, yaye isimo sengqondo kuzuko lwakhe. Milan wakha wathi wayefuna ukuba ezingabonakaliyo. Umbhali uye zange wanamathela ngaphandle, yaye akazange isaziso ubomi bam zobuqu.

"Nobuntu Yinyaniso yoluntu esizibonakalisa sengqondo bakhe abadala." Ngokutsho kombhali, akukho mfuneko kuligweba uluntu kuphela kwawo abantwana. Ngapha koko, le elizayo yangempela - nto ukwaluphala.