Yintoni na amalahle, kwakunye nento misela? iinkokheli lizwe kwemigodi yamalahle

Yintoni amalahle? Indlela ayizuze? Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo le kwezimbiwa? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo inokufumaneka kwinqaku lethu. Ukongeza, apho kuza kudluliselwa iinkokheli zelizwe ukuze le nezokukhupha kwamalahle ehlabathini.

Yintoni amalahle, kwaye iveliswa njani na?

Coal - idiphozithi bezimbiwa, omnye izibonelelo amafutha ephambili yale planethi. Lasekwa ngo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba ngenxa beqokelela ixesha elide iintsalela izityalo yamandulo engekho ukufikelela mpilo.

Ikhonkco yokuqala kwitsheyini elide amalahle yeGenesis nja-. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukudibana layo kunye nezinye iidipozithi. Nja- ke zixinaniswe ngokuthe ngcembe ulahlekelwa ukufuma kunye neegesi, senziwa similise namalahle. Kuxhomekeka iqondo yengxoxo kunye umxholo carbon wahlulwe iintlobo ezintathu kwezimbiwa:

• amalahle brown (umxholo carbon: 65-75%);
• amalahle (75-95%);
• anthracite (95%).

Kumazwe Western, yokuhlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kukho kwakhona lignite ekwanti, mifanekiso, amalahle bituminous, njalo-njalo. D.

Amalahle licatshulwa emhlabeni iyaxela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

• open (okanye ekwari) ukuba ubunzulu iyaxela elinemveliso hayi ama- 100;
• evaliweyo (am), apho amalahle ubuxoki nzulu kakhulu.

Indlela yokuqala kulula kakhulu, nenzuzo nto olukhuselekileyo ukusuka kwindawo Ngenxa lombutho inkqubo yemveliso. Noko ke, loo nto ebangela umonakalo elibonakalayo kokusingqongileyo.

Iinkokeli yelizwe yemveliso amalahle zehlabathi

Yintoni na urhulumente namhlanje geni ilahle nangokomthamo inkulu? La mazwe lucaciswa kule theyibhile ilapha ngezantsi.

Phantse imeko efanayo kukukhokela kunye amalahle. Nangona kunjalo, omnye kancinane kwilungiselelo eyahlukileyo.

iinkokheli lizwe kwimveliso amalahle eYurophu - ezi eJamani, eRashiya, Poland kunye Ukraine. Nezitya zokutshiza inkulu amalahle kule nxalenye yehlabathi: i Ruhr (saseJamani), Upper eSilesia (sasePoland) kunye IDonetsk (Ukraine).

Ukuloba Carbon: i iingxoxo 'for "yaye" nxamnye "

Ukuba zamalahle, ndineemfesane apho, kutheni ukuwutsala na apho? Le yenye iingxoxo eziphambili ngakwicala zemveliso kwamalahle. Eneneni, kungenxa amafutha okokuqala umntu uye wasebenzisa iinjongo zabo. Kuye kwenziwa kubulelwe wamalahle revolution industrial kwinkulungwane XIX. Omlilo obunzima buyikhilogram enye kwezimbiwa zokubasa kunika umntu malunga 25 MJ amandla. Noko ke, kuyo icocekile kwaye ikhuselekile kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukubiza le mandla ...

Phambili amazwe-njengeenkokheli kwemigodi yamalahle (owokuqala elinesibini) ngonyaka acatshulwe ukusuka emhlabeni malunga neetoni billion ezisixhenxe amafutha eqinileyo. Kakade ke, inani enjalo sisivuno ayikwazi kuchaphazela okusingqongileyo ehlabathini lonke. Ndingenwe amalahle, ngokutsho izazinzulu kwezenkolo, yenza igalelo elibonakalayo kwi kufudumala ngokupheleleyo wonke boMhlaba, nto leyo, evusa utshintsho lwemozulu yingozi kwaye iyingozi kakhulu.

Loo nto ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo inyanzelisa kumazwe amaninzi ephuhliswe kakhulu ehlabathini ukunciphisa izinga wamalahle emasimini abo. EYurophu, imigodi ezininzi ndiyibeke mashumi yakutshanje. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sizalwe njengoko kwamanani oyile negesi oovimba zehlabathi umdla kubo.

Ukuvuthuluka imeko kwiindawo wenyikima - yenye impikiswano enamandla nxamnye amalahle esebenzayo. Isibakala sokuba nezokukhupha naziphi izimbiwa ukusuka kolu qweqwe lomhlaba ngendlela engazange zinto azithathelwa ngqalelo. Kwiindawo ezikufutshane emigodini yamalahle okanye amacandelo, kakhulu kwandisa umngcipheko iinyikima zomhlaba, landslides kunye neentsilelo ezenziwe ngumntu.

Ekuphetheni ...

Kunjalo, isantya yamalahle jikelele ukwanda malunga 2-3% ngonyaka ngamnye. Okokuqala, ngeendleko iinkampani achaphazelekayo nasemigodini US, eRashiya, eUkraine, India, China kunye namanye amazwe Asia.

A phambili amazwe-iinkokeli kwimveliso amalahle namhlanje - ngaba China, USA ne India. Minyaka le, athatha emhlabeni ngaphezulu kwama-5 iitoni amafutha eqinileyo.