I-crescent ekhulayo: inkcazo, imbali, i-geography kunye neenkcukacha ezithakazelisayo

Kwimihlathi ephakathi kweMbindi Mpuma, ngamanye amaxesha inkulumo ethi "inyanga ekhulayo yenyuka" iyanqumla, nto leyo ibangela ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwabantu abangabandakanyiyo. Luhlobo luni lwe-crescent yile? Kutheni kukhula kangaka? Makhe sibone, kuyathakazelisa!

Umhlaba wenyanga

I-crescent yintsimi yintsimi esetyenziselwa ukubiza iMiddle East. ICrescent, ibizwa ngefomu efana neenkwenkwezi zasebusuku kwisigaba sesiqingatha. Ngokubhekiselele kokuzala: le ndawo edumileyo ibonwa njengomhlaba womhlaba wonke, kwaye phantse indawo yokuzalwa kwezolimo, izityalo zokutya okusanhlamvu kunye nesonka, njengomlambo odumile waseYiputa waseNayile. Lo ngumhlaba onomhlaba ocebile kunye nemvula eninzi ebusika.

Elinye igama lokuva "yincantathu yegolide". Ngokuqhelekileyo la magama amabini anikwe indawo enye, kodwa oku kulungile. Ewe, zombini "inyanga enesivuno" kunye "nexantathu yegolide" ngamagama omhlaba afana nalawo manani. Kodwa ngokungafani neyokuqala, "unxantathu wegolide" yindawo edibanisa imida yaseThailand, eLosos naseBurma. Kuzukiswa yinyaniso yokuba kwakukho apha ukuba iziko lokuvelisa nokusabalalisa i-opium livela kwaye lihluma kude kube se-20 leminyaka. Ukwahlukana ekutyunjweni kwamaziko amabini kubonakala.

Indawo yeendawo

Kwimihlaba, le ndawo inommandla waseSaudi Arabia kunye nommandla ongasentla we-Array. Umda osentshonalanga uhlambulwa yiLwandle lweMeditera, umda wasempumalanga uhlala kwiiNtaba zeZagros. Ihlala eLebhanon, eSiriya, e-Iraq, kwa-Israyeli, kwiindawo zaseJordani naseTurkey. Inxalenye yelizwe elivundileyo yintsimi yaseMesophotamiya yasendulo kunye neLevant.

Indawo yokukhusela phakathi kweentaba, inani elaneleyo yemilambo kunye nemifula, amanzi emvula, indawo kwindawo ephakathi kweendlela ezivela e-Afrika ukuya e-Asiya - ukudibanisa zonke ezi zinto kubangele ukuba yile ndawo yayijoliswe ukuba ibe ngumzali odumileyo wokulima, ezolimo kunye nemfuyo.

I-Neolithic Revolution

Indawo ephumelele kakhulu yendawo eyakhokelela kwingingqi yendawo yokuchuma ibe yiyona nto igxile kwiinguqulelo ze- Neolithic. Le yindlela indlela yokutshintshwa kwezizwe zakudala ekubizwa ngayo ukuqokelela kwimveliso. Oku kwenzekile kungekudala kwaye kungekudala, kwisicwangciso somntu. Inkqubo idonsela kwiminyaka emininzi yeminyaka, kodwa utshintsho olukhulu olwenziwe ebomini loluntu lwenza kube lula ukuyibiza ngokuba yi-revolutionary.

Kuyaziwa ukuba izizwe zakudala zithengela ukutya, zikhetha inxalenye yento eveliswe kwendalo. Ukutya kwalethwa ukuzingela, ukuloba kunye nokuqokelela amajikijolo alungiselelwe, amakhowe, imbewu, izithelo. Ngokukhawuleza ukukhupha intsimi, indoda enengqiqo yaqaphela ukuba imbewu ayikwazi ukuqokelelwa kuphela, kodwa ifefe ngokukodwa kwisityalo esilandelayo. Imiphumo yalo msebenzi ayikho nje inguquko kwindlela yobomi, kodwa ingenguqu ebonakalayo kwikharityhulam. Uqoqosho loveliso luyisiseko somsebenzi wobomi behlabathi jikelele.

Imbali kunye nezolimo

Iintlanga zokuqala, ezazama ukuhlwayela nokuvelisa, zazizizwe ezihlala kwiindawo eziqhamo. Imbali iyabiza isizathu esibalulekileyo salezi zenzo, utshintsho lwemozulu oluzenzekelayo emva kwe-Ice Age. Kwabonakala ukuba yintsimi yaseMesopotamiya kunye neLevant ehlala isona siqhamo, ngelixa isiko saseYiputa sokuzalwa kwempucuko sachithwa yimozulu eshushu neshushu.

Umsebenzi wezolimo ukhokelela kwindlela yokuphila ehleliweyo kwezizwe, izixeko zokuqala zavela. Ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nezityalo kukhuthaze ukudala amathuluzi amatsha, izitya zokugcina, iindlela ezintsha zokupheka. Ngelo xesha, ibumbi, imfuyo, ukuhlamba kwaqala ukukhula. Kwakukho iindyunithi kunye nama-ovens ngokupheka isonka. Umhlaba ocebile ukhupha isityalo kwisithintelo, esinokutshintshana kwezinye izinto eziyimfuneko. Ngoko ezolimo zikhokelela ekuphuhliseni urhwebo.

Ukususela kwezolimo ukuya kumfuyo

Izilwanyana zokuqala ezazihlala kufuphi nomntu zizinja. Iintlobo ezisele zommelwane zasendle zenzelwe izizwe zakudala into yokuzingela, kunye nethemba lokutya inyama. Ngokuphuhliswa kwezolimo, ukuqhutyelwa kwemihlaba kwaqala ukuthatha ixesha elininzi, kwaye inyama "yayivunwa ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili", oko kukuthi, ukubamba nokugcina kwiipenki. Abantu abatsha baqala ukubonakala bebanjwe ekuthinjweni.

Kancinci, abantu baqala ukutya ubisi, basebenzise uncedo lwezilwanyana ukusebenza emasimini. Ukulunywa kunye nezilwanyana ezifuywayo zazingabonakali nje njengokutya. Baqala ukukhonza abantu. Kancinci batshintshe imikhwa yabo, izilwanyana kunye nokubonakala kunye nesakhiwo sezitho zangaphakathi. I-crescent yefestile ibe yindlu yeebhokhwe zasekhaya, izimvu, iinkomo, amahashe. Ngaphandle kwekati, owaziyo, wahamba ixesha elide ngokwalo, waqala ukujoyina indlu yasekhaya lwaseMpuma Mpuma.

Ubomi bokutya

Kutheni i-nafta yaba yintsimi esona siqhamo? Abalimi beengqolowa, i-hareyi, iilenti, zikhula phakathi kweengca kwiindawo ezininzi zeeplanethi. Ukuzikhethela kwintsimi yaseMesophotamiya yasendulo kukuba ilapha apho isimo sezulu kunye nomhlaba kubonakala ukuba yiyona nto ivunayo yokuvelisa nokulima kwabo ngokuhlwayela.

Iingqolowa zokuqala "ezilinywe" zazingqolowa kunye nebhali. Izityalo zabo zazikho apha ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-IX BC. E. Nabani na uMdali womntu, wamnyamekela ukutya okulungileyo! Ixesha kunye nokuthanda ukutshintsha, ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ziyalala kwaye ezintsha zivela, kunye nezityalo, ezaqala ukukhula "kwenyanga ekhulayo", zihlala ziyimveliso yokutya ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izihlandlo nabantu.

Iingqolowa ziqulethe zonke iincithamini ze-vitam yeqela B eliyimfuneko kumzimba womntu. I-fibre cellulose inceda ekulwa ne-cholesterol eyingozi. Isonka kunye neepartridge - iimveliso ezizalisekisa ngokukhawuleza umzimba, zingabangeli ubungozi kwaye zenze igalelo ekuqongeni kwamandla. Ingqolowa iyimvelaphi ye-magnesium, i-selenium, i-folic acid. Ngamafutshane, izityalo ziqulethe zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwimisebenzi enempilo yendalo.

Iimbalwa ezimbalwa ngesonka

Akukho ziphephelo zokupheka isonka. Abantu abahlukeneyo benza okuhlukileyo. Ukufana omnye - isiseko sawo nawaphi na isonka kukusanhlamvu. Ndifuna ukuba ndithi indawo yokuzalwa yesonka sokuqala esibhakabhile yayingumyanga ovuthiweyo.

• Isonka sokuqala sineminyaka engama-30 eyi-100 ubudala. Zingenagwele ezingenagwele ezenziwe ngqolowa etyonkcekileyo, ebhakawa ngamatye atshisayo.
• Uhlobo lwesininzi lwangaphambili lwePat East.
• Isonka sesonka sasibhalwa kwiYiputa YaseYiputa.
• Kuzo zonke izizwe isonka sinikwa amandla omlingo kunye nokukwazi ukuqinisa. Yisebenzise kwimikhosi eninzi yonqulo.
• Uninzi isinkwa sidliwa eTurkey.
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