IRiphabhliki yaseMakedoni: ezikhangayo, iinkcazo kunye namaqiniso anomdla

YaseMakedoni eyimfihlakalo, eyimfihlakalo ... malunga nelizwe elinemithambo elinezityebi kakhulu, kukho iingcamango. Kwaye kungenjalo, kuba le republic ivela kwi-IX leminyaka BC. Mhlawumbi yingakho iMakedoni inomtsalane inani elikhulu labakhenkethi. Okumangalisa kukuba akukho ukufikelela elwandle, apho unokuthi udibanise khona elunxwemeni kwaye ngexesha elifanayo u tyelele i-antiquities - njengabakhenkethi bevela eGrisi okanye iBulgaria. Nangona kunjalo, abantu beza apha ukutyelela ifa elidlulileyo lehlabathi, ukuze banandiphe iindawo ezihle zeentaba. Izwe kunye nabalandeli be-skiing skiing: idolophu yase-Mavrovo i-resort yibo kuphela abakhetha iinqaba kunye neentaba. Masizame ukuxelela yonke into malunga neMakedoni, izinto ezikuyo ziyihloko yethu.

Makedoni: ulwazi jikelele

KwiPeninsula yaseBalkan phakathi kweYugoslavia, eAlbania, eGrisi naseBulgaria kukho iRiphabhlikhi encinci ekhangelela inani elikhulu leendwendwe - iMakedoni. Eli lizwe laba ngubukhosi ngokukhawuleza - ngowama-1991 emva kokubhenwa kwe-referendum kwafumana ukuzimela. Nangona kunjalo, iinxalenye ezinegama elifanayo zikhona zombini eBulgaria naseGrisi, eli lide lichasene nokudala urhulumente omtsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2011 imbambano yayisombululo, kwaye i-UN yamkela ilizwe elitsha.

Ukukhululeka kweMacedonia kunentaba. Ukuphakama komyinge weentaba kungaphezu kwama-2 eemitha zamitha. Kwiimilambo zikhona imifula eqhwithiweyo, inkulu kunazo zonke iVardar. Makedoni ityebile kunye namachibi (nazo zivela entabeni). Indawo ehambelekileyo yokutyelela indawo yezokhenketho nguOryrid.

Imozulu yelapha apha ngokuqhelekileyo i-continental, kufuphi neMeditera. Iindimba zinomnene kwaye zimanzi (ipesenteji ephawulekayo yokuwa kwamanzi ngeli xesha), kwaye ihlobo liqinileyo kwaye liyashisa. Oku kuchaza imiqathango yonyaka wezokhenketho, osukela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba.

Zotyelelo e Skopje

Kwikhulu leminyaka, iMakedoni inokuveliswa kwayo kwimbali. Izinto ezibonakalayo zibonisa eli xesha elide. Ubudala bezinye zazo bubuhlungu. Ukuze uhambe kakuhle kwiindawo ezifanele ukutyelela, ungawahlula ngamaqela ngokuxhomekeke kwinqongo kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Ngoko, okokuqala, makhe sijonge ezo zinto zikhangayo zaseMakedoni, ezise-capital, kwisixeko saseSkopje.

Siza kuhlalutya ezo zinto ezifanele ukuhambela kuqala. Enyanisweni, esi sixeko-ukukhanga ngokwenene, ngokuba apha yinto ejolise kakhulu kwizinto zakudala nexesha elide. I-Skopje ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amabini, endala kunye ntsha. Umda wezomda uyisikhumbuzo sokwakha, ibhuloho ye-XV inkulungwane. Nguye owuphawu lomkhulu. Idibene nenkolelo: wonke umntu ohamba ngayo, uya kuvuya. Into ephambili kukuba nentliziyo ecocekileyo.

Kukho indawo iRiphabliki yaseMakedoni ngokuziqhenyayo. Iimpawu zayo zihambelana namaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye neenkcubeko. Ngaloo ndlela, inqaba yaseVeneen yaseCalais yinto ebakho phambi kwethu. Ngoku unokuyithanda ipaki ekhangayo, kunye ne-Skopje, ebonwayo ngokucacileyo kwinqaba. Apha, iikhenkethi zeenkwenkwezi ezidumile emhlabeni zigcinwe.

Izibheno ezininzi zaseMakedoni, ezibandakanya ixesha lama-Middle Ages. Umzekelo wale ndawo yi-clock-clock ye-40-meter tower ye-Saat-Kula, eyakhiwe ngo-1566, enqabileyo ngaphezu kweSkopje. Ewe, akunakuthandeka ngokubonakalayo, kodwa yinto enkulu kunazo zonke kweli lizwe, mhlawumbi nakwii-Balkan.

Skopje wolawulo lwase-Ottoman

Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sinikezelwa phantsi kwegalari kazwelonke. Lapha ngexesha lolawulo lwase-Ottoman kwakuyiindawo zokuhlamba zaseTurkey uDaud Pasha. Ingxininiso enkulu yelifa lezobugcisa belizwe kunye nesityebi saseTurkey sinika le ndawo indawo ekhethekileyo kunye nobuqaqawuli. Ngendlela, isakhiwo sisondele kufuphi ne-Old Market (ekunene emnyango walo), kwakhona ishiye ebukumkanini base-Ottoman. Eli shishini lithengisa kuphela kwiBalkans.

Ukusuka kwi-Old Market kubonakala ngokungenazintlu kwi-mosque. Yakhiwe ngokuhlonipha uMustafa Pasha, urhuluneli waseSkopje woBukumkani baseOttoman, indoda enqulo kakhulu. Le ngqamlezo esichukumisayo kakhulu yeSakhiwo samaSulumane sama-Middle Ages. I-mosque yakhiwa kwisiseko secawa yamaKristu.

Yintoni enokuyifumana kwisixeko sase Ohrid?

Esinye isixeko esigcwele izikhumbuzo zembali ze-Ohrid. Apha ungabona iindawo ezintle kakhulu, kuba zifumaneka emanxwemeni echibi e-Ohrid, eyaziwayo kwiRiphabhliki yaseMakedoni. Ukutyelela abahenkethi baqala ukuqwalasela kuphela emva kokuba banandipha amanzi elali.

Bonke abavakalisi be-Ohrid baya kuqiniseka ukuba batyelele apha inqaba yeNkosi uSamuweli. Ngendlela, yinqanaba eliphezulu apho umzi ubonakala khona, njengentendelezo yesandla sakho. USamuweli ngumlawuli waseBulgaria wenkulungwane ye-10 enqwenela ukwenza iOridi inkulu yombuso wakhe. Abasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni baqwalasela ngokucophelela ukugcinwa kwekhumbuzo, ukwenjenjalo ukuya kutsho namhlanje.

Akukude kwinqaba nenye indawo yokubona indawo - i-amphitheatre yamandulo. Ngokwezibalo zenzululwazi, i-amphitheatre yakhiwa kwiminyaka ye-200 ye-BC, kungekhona ngamaRoma, kodwa ngamaGrike asendulo. Isakhiwo sigcinwe kakuhle kangangokuba sisasebenza: iikhonsathi, imikhosi yomculo kunye nezinye iimeko zenkcubeko zenziwa kwintsimi yayo.

Yintoni enye i-Macedonia eyaziwayo? Iimpawu azikhawulelwanga kumhlaba, kukho izinto zamanzi. Omnye wabo "isiqithi seMatyu". Itholakala emanzini aseLood Lake. Ubunqwenela ukuba abadobi behlala apha malunga namawaka amathathu eminyaka edlulileyo ehlobo. Kwakuyi siqithi sokuloba eplanking yamapulangwe apho kwakhiwa khona izindlu. Ibhuloho ikhokelela kwilizwe. Ukuhlaliswa akuzange kuphile ukususela iintsuku zethu, kwafunyanwa ngo-1997 ngaphantsi kwamanzi kwaye kwakhona.

Izakhiwo zezenkolo

I-Makedoni idume nje kuphela kwizikhumbuzo zomhlaba. Izinto ezikuyo ziindawo zamaKristu. Ngaloo ndlela, abahambi ngeentwendwele kunye nabakhenkethi abaqhelekileyo ba tyelela iindwendwe zaseSt. Naum. Le ndawo ikude nomzi oqhelekileyo, iikhilomitha ezingama-30 ukusuka e-Ohrid. U-Saint Naum, owanika igama kwigumbi leendwendwe, ngumfundi we-Famous Enlighteners uCyril noMethodius. Umzimba wakhe ungcwatywe apha, kwintsimi yeendwendwe. Inqaku lidibaniswa nendawo yokungcwaba apho umhambi oye wafaka indlebe yakhe yangasekhohlo waya kwingcwaba yongcwele uya kuvakala isandi senhliziyo yakhe.

Ibandla leNtombikazi Eyintsikelelo yindawo enye eheha abantu abavela kwiRiphabliki yaseMakedoni. Iindawo ezithakazelisayo ku-Ohrid (apho icawa ikhona) ziyamangalisa. Ithempeli yintsika yamandulo yaseMakedoni, umgca wezobugcisa baseByzantine. Apha, ukusuka kuma-Middle Ages, iifrescoes kunye neempawu, ezifakwe ngamatye anqabileyo, zigcinwe. Eyona edume kakhulu nguMama kaThixo, okuyikopi yeConstantinople.

Omnye indlu ka-Ohrid - itempile likaSt. John Kaneo, emi ngaselunxwemeni lwe-Ohrid Ichibi, ephakamileyo ngaphezu kwayo. Isakhiwo esipheleleyo samatye sinomfanekiso obomvu, owakhiwe kwi-XV inkulungwane. Akukho zikhonkwane ezithatha abahambi, kodwa indawo yendlu, iifrescoes kunye neempawu ezigcinwe kwi-XV inkulungwane ziyamangalisa ngokukhenketho.

Iimpawu ezidalwe ngendalo

EMakedoni, ezo zikhangelelwano zingabonakaliswa ixesha elide, lizwe lizwe elinemida eyahlukileyo. Ezi zikhumbuzo zemvelo ziyakhanga iindwendwe zelizwe. Sibhala kuphela ezimbalwa. Ukongeza kwiLake Ohrid, ufanele u tyelele eLachi Prespa - umthombo waseMakedoni ulwabelana ngeAlbania naseGrisi. Nantsi isiqithi seGollem Grad, apho iindawo zokubhubha zendlu yakudala zikhona. Kuyafaneleka ukunikela ingqalelo kwiindawo zamachibi iMatka neDeiranskoe.

Kukho iipaki ezimbini zelizwe kwimimandla yeRiphabhlikhi, apho zonke izinto ezihle zaseMakedoni zigxilwe ngayo: iGalicica kunye nePelister.