I Conservative Party of Great Britain: kwiimbono, iinkokeli

United Kingdom ngokuyimfuneko lizwe na endala kakhulu, inkqubo yezopolitiko, esebenza apho, ngqo kakhulu, inkcubeko kwezopolitiko yahluke kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Kungenxa yoko le nto inkulu amaqela aphikisayo - Conservative Party of Great Britain. Imvelaphi yokuzalwa kwalo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwaye umsebenzi kakhulu iqapheleka wabonakaliswa ngowe-1997, xa iqela got igama layo ngoku - "Tories".

iimpawu

Ukususela ekusekweni kwe-British Conservative Party wasivuna iminqweno yabantu basebukhosini kunye noohlohlesakhe, zombini zemali kunye nezorhwebo, ngokuthe ngcembe kuvele eziselugcinweni ekhululekile Party. I babebambelele nalo ithuba ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ukwenza urhulumente ngokwabo, ngoko eli qela wayethandwa. Iminyaka emininzi, Conservative Party of Great Britain Waye ecanda kunye nempumelelo. Kukho baguqule amanqaku, xa Waloyisa bamelene engunaphakade ezopolitiko - ekhululekile Party. Umzekelo, xa (Margaret Thatcher) washiya le nkqubo karhulumente uMargaret Tetcher, i babebambelele waba embi kakhulu. Boyiswa izikhundla nzima kurhulumente kwaye phantse yonke inkxaso labavoti.

Margaret Thatcher

Le yinkokeli kakhulu akuyo le Conservative Party of Great Britain, akulolize, yena wawongwa isihloko "Iron Lady". Ngexesha lokuhamba yakhe yaqala ngexesha ukuhla, ngokuthe chu iireyithingi iqela wehla, iyunithi nzima ukutshintsha, ngokufuthi iinkokeli akuphumelelanga yatshintsha. Equal ngamandla zeengcinga yezopolitiko Margaret Thatcher wenza ukufumana kwaba nzima. I Conservative Party waba ukuhla.

weza ubomi entsha kuye xa kwi intloko waba uDavide Cameron, ukutshintsha kuphela ngamalungu iqela, abathe baba omncinane thile kodwa imifuziselo. Green tree - umlinganiswa ophambili - yinto indlela entsha ukuba blyudot eziphilayo United Kingdom. Blue and green - ezi imibala esemthethweni okhethiweyo Conservative Party of Great Britain.

program

The main isilogeni - diversity kunye nokulingana. 2010 kunyulo emiselwe kule nkqubo ikhoyo umthamo wayo. Isabelo inxaxheba yabafazi, nayo ibeka kuphela yobuhlanga, kodwa ezinye bambalwa. Unyulo kasodolophu entsha London ukusuka kubahlali Muslim kakhulu ngokucacileyo kuluphawu lo msebenzi.

Hayi ulibele, kwaye yokuguqula inkqubo kwezoqoqosho United Kingdom, kukho ngumzabalazo nokunikezelwa lwabiwo-mali, kwanciphisa iinkqubo zentlalo mali, ikhondo esithathwe kwi nengqiqo yonke inkcitho mali. Abahlali yelizwe ngcembe siqhelane ukuba onjalo kwicandelo icebo amagunya, ngoko ke ngoqhankqalazo ngayo kakubi kakhulu, ubukhulu becala, abantu ngokwezo iziseko ezopolitiko.

amasiko

I Conservative Party of Great Britain, Noko ke, zithandwa nangokusesikweni phakathi inxalenye atyebileyo zabemi kunye begazi, ezintlwini awo akhiwa kumalungu emkhosini eziphezulu, abefundisi, amasekela abazizityebi kakhulu kunye namagosa. It babebambelele zilawule neeyantlukwano lwangaphandle oluvela kwabanye abantu British - le ukuzibamba, akhuliswe olungqongqo kwaye nkqu nezindlela kancinane.

Babebambelele awabalulekanga nerhafu imiba isakhiwo kunye nokusekwa inkokeli yasekuhlaleni ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo ugqiba ukuba nkqu kwinkomfa party yonyaka unelungelo ukungamthobeli. Independence iye ngokwemveli zizakubalulwa babebambelele intshukumo karhulumente kwezinye amaqela iqela. kokhetho lukaMeyi ibeke indlela yalo ilizwe iminyaka emihlanu kunye norhulumente. Kukho amaqela amabini amakhulu, igunya, ezishiyanayo nempumelelo ekulweni benkululeko kunye babebambelele.

indaba

Uhlaziyo ephalamende 1832 yanika umfutho ukuvela kwimibutho ezincinane, yobulali ababezibiza i Tories kunye babebambelele, njengoko nguqulelo kubhaliwe akuwuthandanga kakhulu. Emva koko, ngo-1867-m, kokuba bamanyane njengoko National Union. Inkokeli lokuqala iphambili babebambelele aba uBenjamin Disraeli, wabelwa empumelelweni iqela ngo-1846, yaye kamva waba elungileyo Prime Minister (iminyaka 1868 kunye 1874-1880). I Conservative Party of Great Britain, apho inkqubo ngaphambili amalungiselelo kuphela elite yeengcungcu, ngokuthe ngcembe yatshintsha. Ukususela 1870s, oko kwatsala inxalenye enkulu labavoti abachasi bakhe. Benkululeko kunye babebambelele sele njengobuluchasileyo nomzabalazo ngamandla.

Uninzi zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini yenzeka phantsi kolawulo Conservative Party, ababengabazi lezeMisebenzi okanye benkululeko akazange anike abasemagunyeni elide ngaphezu kwesinye. Phantse engamashumi iminyaka ukususela 1915, abo babebambelele wabumba urhulumente ngokwalo (1924 kuphela yaye 1929 kungekho ngaphandle), okanye asekwa mfelandawonye kunye lezeMisebenzi Party ukwenza urhulumente wesizwe. Igama elipheleleyo iqela kuvakala ngathi ezinye uhlobo lombutho: iqela endala kunye unionist. Kwakhona, ngemva kwempi yabalasela nje ulawulo babebambelele. ukuhlula kuphela ukhetho lwepalamente ka-1997, 2001 no-2005 kwanyanzeleka ukuba baye kungena inkcaso.

impumelelo

Ukunciphisa ngemali kwiinkqubo ezithile zentlalo kunye nempembelelo karhulumente malunga neenkqubo kwezoqoqosho, uxanduva inkcitho mali karhulumente, ratovanie amaxabiso usapho yemveli kunye nokukhuthazwa koosomashishini liphulo yabucala - konke oku, njengoko iingongoma eziphambili zale nkqubo, abantu abo babebambelele wenza kakhulu zithandwa phakathi labavoti. nokuhlala kwabo ngamandla yanceda ukuba uMzantsi Afrika ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo eziphakamileyo ukunyusa izinga lokukhula koqoqosho, ukunciphisa kwamaxabiso, ukukhula ingeniso ishishini labucala. A Inani iinkampani zikarhulumente-owayefumene babucala.

Ukususela ngo-2005, xa iqela ekunene-iphiko Cameron kaThixo, impumelelo ilizwe i wanda, ukwandisa imisebenzi endle kunye ikhula le babebambelele kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu kunye nezopolitiko. UK ipalamente emva konyulo 2010, anamanci amathandathu izigunyaziso Commons unikwe Conservative Party, leyo yavotelwa malunga elinanye million. Emva koko uCameron kwakheka mfelandawonye kunye Enesisa Democratic Party ukwenza urhulumente. Ngo-2015, bonke abo babebambelele waba nje isininzi - izihlalo ezimakhulu mathathu anababini yepalamente.

izicwangciso ezintsha

Ezinye izithembiso ezintsha babebambelele kukhetho kwi UK epalamente ukuba phantsi ukugxekwa. Umzekelo, i-zimvo, nto leyo ifuna ukuba zibambe phezu uphume yelizwe evela kwi-European Union, kwakunye yotshintsho lokhuseleko yenyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-ajenda kunye neminye imiba ebalulekileyo, ezo masikhokelwe kwexesha: intsilelo mali, nto leyo ifuna ukuncitshiswa irhafu, ukwandisa phezulu kunye bar ephambili, ukufumaneka kwezindlu, ubonelelo umhlala nangaphezulu.

Apha kwakhona, nemihlali isithethe ukususela kuphuhliso imfundiso iqela Chamberlain, owoyiswayo ingcamango iyuniyoni namasiko, yaqalisa ezizenzekelayo, nto leyo kunyanzeleke ukuba ushiye abakwindawo bodwa kushishino lwehlabathi, waqinisa ukhuphiswano (ingakumbi Germany). Iinzame ukungxengxeza ndlongo lwamaNazi ngelo xesha kwakhokelela kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kuza kwenzeka ntoni eli xesha - akucaci kakhulu, kodwa ihlabathi liphela emva kokuba izitetimenti yakutshanje yi babebambelele navuso kancinane, hayi nje eBritani. Babebambelele ngomnyaka wamashumi omane, wafumana batyunjwa Churchill, ngubani wabubhekisa urhulumente waza wanceda ukoyiswa nobuNazi. Nokuba mzobo loo ubukhulu a ukufumana namhlanje? Kuhleli kuphela kwethemba. Ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba kamva Churchill kwenzeka owawenza noqhekeko.

iinkokeli zehlabathi

NgoMatshi 1946, i-Churchill enye, asebenza kunye sizana USSR kwiMfazwe Enkulu, wenza intetho kwi-American Fulton, ecetywayo umanyano ayo yonke imikhosi zongxowankulu ukuba awodwa anti-eSoviet. Kangangethuba, nditsho abo babebambelele baphelelwe ngamandla. Kodwa ngowe-1951 baza babuya baza bahlala ngamandla iminyaka elishumi. Ngowe-1955, Churchill waphumelela Eden - asebenza kunye nomhlobo iminyaka emininzi. Noko ke, loo ntlekele Suez , yena akazange kwaza kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukurhoxa kwangethuba 1957.

Ngaphezu koko, abo babebambelele kukhokelele kubunkokeli MacMillan kunye Douglas-Home, kodwa umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente, zange baphumelele, kodwa ngo-1970 E. Heath, intloko iqela ukususela 1965, ziye zakhela UK Government wabo. Wakwazi lukhulu: ukulawula kwi Common Market, njengedibanisa pan-Europe. Ngenxa yoko, ngasendleleni, phakathi kweqela yena yagxekwa kanobom, kwaye iqela ngokwalo ukungavisisani enzulu phakathi kwamalungu ayo: i British awuyithandi naluphi na utshintsho okanye behlanganisa. Ngoko ke, emva yokurhoxa kwe Heath waba yinkokeli i "intsimbi" uMargaret Thatcher, ngubani nje evuselela umsebenzi iqela, kodwa kwenza kakhulu kuphuhliso loqoqosho yaseBritani.

yokwehlulwa

Emva Churchill, uMargaret Thatcher wayeyinkokeli onamandla phakathi kwabo bonke ababengaphambi zabo. Apha ke waqala uthengiso kumacandelo onke oshishino karhulumente ziye zicinezelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo eyenziwe yimibutho, kwaye babebambelele iphumelele unyulo ngokuzithemba esima enkulu. Ngowe-1990, uMajor kwindawo yayo ayikwazanga ukubaleka ilizwe ngokunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ngo-1992, lo babebambelele waqala ukuphelelwa kwayo. Ngowe-1997, unyulo yaba elihlazo, xa lezeMisebenzi Party wathabatha izihlalo 418 epalamente, ngoxa abo babebambelele 165 kuphela.

inkqubo Conservative Party kwafuneka enziwe iinguqu ezibalulekileyo, nto leyo oko kwenzekayo. Guide ukuba ukwazi kwakhona, inkqubo wayefana melo. Kwakungekho de-2005, xa uCameron waba yinkokheli, kodwa ngenxa ukuzimela kwexesha nangoku ongezanga: isenzo senzeka mfelandawonye kunye benkululeko.

alwayo

Babebambelele - olunye uhlanga. Isiseko conservatism yinto imbumba yoluntu kunye namaziko eziqhelekileyo, ukugcina ngokuvisisana kumaqela ochaphazelekayo kunye neeklasi. Kulo mbono, akubanga de amaxesha zakutshanje beentlanga ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkolo. Nje abantu bam, abemi kwilizwe labo, kunye iingcambu ezendeleyo, wayithumela isithethe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Ngoku bunye kakhulu ngazo kakhulu ngenxa yokuba abo babebambelele are ezininzi European Union kunye ubukho kuyo of Great Britain.

Kodwa ubuncinane phakathi babebambelele kunye abachasi le miba. Ngaloo ndlela, kwakukho iqela lokuqala lamalungu Conservative Party - "Uhlanga One" kunye namanani ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwezopolitiko Tepselem, Clark, Rifkind, kunye nabanye. ezopolitiko ezinkulu kwaye nantoni na kukuwohloka ubuzwe azange kufutshane. Kwaye ixesha unyamezelo efunekayo! Njengoko US ozikhethayo ezopolitiko kunye lonke elaseYurophu, ukuba ukunyamezela ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo nakanjani.

iphiko-market free

Le iqembu abalandeli uMargaret Tetcher, i babebambelele kunye olwela inkululeko icala. Kangangexesha elide ukuba alawula phakathi ANC - ngoko nangoko emva konyulo Margaret Thatcher ngo-1975, gqolo kuncitshiswa indima karhulumente kuphuhliso loqoqosho, ukunciphisa ubungakanani inxaxheba yawo onke amacandelo oshishino, ngokwenjenjalo ukuyeka ubukho bayo nje ekuhlaleni.

Society uba Linokubakho, loko a ri karhi ezingundoqo intshukumo kwezopolitiko, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Thatcherism. Phakathi iinkokeli zale iphiko, nabo eurosceptics ezininzi, ngokuchasene nemithetho yokungenelela kwimarike ukundikhulula, ngenxa yokuba uyibona njengento esisisongelo kulongamo British. Reagan Thatcher kakhulu kakhulu igalelo kwezopolitiko kwihlabathi. IMelika nokuba esandleni i liberalism kwezoqoqosho ukuba imigaqo PPF ephuhliswe nje eUnited States.

emasikweni

Ezi neengxabano ezikhoyo Conservative Party ngokulula ingabalelwa engasekunene: ukholo, usapho, iflegi - la maziko aphambili lwentlalo ngabanquli traditionalism wathatha kwamagxa. Anglicanism, urhulumente, intsapho. Eli lifa eliphikisa naliphi na utshintshelo lolawulo elizweni, kwanokuba ke European Union.

Kwakhona, sisetyenziswe kulo mbutho nxamnye kwamanye amazwe okwandayo, pro-ubomi kunye imilinganiselo zemveli, ngokukodwa, bexabana kuba umtshato mandatory, leyo nokuba unika ezinye iinzuzo zerhafu. Basebenza ubuncinane kwinkalo yezoqoqosho, ngokufuthi ukuzama ukusombulula imiba yezentlalo, ukuziphatha nenkcubeko.