Anarcho-capitalism: inkcazelo, izimvo, iisimboli

"Isiphithiphithi" - isithuba ukuba iingqondo zabantu abaninzi lihambisana ingcamango "isiphithiphithi", "lihlazo." Noko ke, ngo yokuhlalisana kunye nenzululwazi kwezopolitiko, eli gama linentsingiselo eyahlukileyo. Kweli nqaku sisebenzisa sihlolisise imfundiso, imvelaphi, iimfundiso ezisisiseko kunye iziyalezo anarchism. Sihlalutya kabanzi oku njengoko anarcho-capitalism. Yintoni umongo walo yaye, ngokungafaniyo nezinye iinkalo anarchism? Siza kuzama ukufumana phandle kamva kweli nqaku.

ukuba nombono

Anarchism - imfundiso lwentlalo-zopolitiko ezentlalo nezoqoqosho, nto leyo negates imfuneko ngobukho karhulumente. Iimfuno abalimi amancinane kunye namashishini amancinci abachasene izilangazelelo bemibutho emikhulu.

Kukho intsomi yokuba anarchism - yenye yezinto ka socialism. Yena kwasekwa ezingqondweni zethu emva kokuba Revolution kunye War Civil: a ally azinikele ye iiBolsheviks kwi kummandla Ukraine namhlanje kudala kube anarchists Nestora Mahno.

Nangona kunjalo, oku kuphosakele ngokupheleleyo. Anarchism, yaye ngokukodwa omnye kwiindawo zawo - anarcho-capitalism - phezu koko, omkhanyelayo indalo beenkampani ezinkulu yoluntu. Socialism - ube liqonga owandulelayo Communism - nangona ibandakanya nokudala uluntu elinye elungileyo bayalingana, kodwa indima ephezulu karhulumente apho intloko kwaye kufuneka ibe 'nabantu abalungileyo. "- kwiBolsheviks, Socialist-njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, sabasebenzi, njl Enyanisweni, oku iye kwakhona wabiza kulwenziwo iinkampani kuphela, ngokuchaseneyo capitalism, nomniniyo enye kuphela - urhulumente.

Isiseko zeentanda-anarchism zezi entsha exabisekileyo, subjectivism kunye ukuzikhethela.

izikhombisi

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindawo ezimbini eziphambili anarchism:

1. anarchism Individualist.
2. Anarcho-socialism.

Ideologically, oko kuthathwa ezimbini kumacala angafaniyo. Ayavumelana enye kuphela - ingcamango yokushiya karhulumente. Zonke ezinye nezimvo iphambene. Anarcho-ndawonye, gxebe, libhekisela singene ekhohlo, kunye yobukomanisi, socialism kunye nezinye anarcho-entsha exabisekileyo -. Kunoko, oko kulungile. imigaqo yalo kuphuhliswa Max Stirner, Genri Devid, Murray Rothbard kunye nabanye. Zombini iiyunithi ahlulwe aba yimisinga ezahlukileyo, nganye eneyazo izimvo zalo kwezo okanye ezinye iinkqubo.

Eyona ndlela entsha exabisekileyo

anarchism Individualist wohlulwe ezi nkalo zilandelayo:

1. Anarcho-capitalism. Ngeke iinkcukacha ipeyinti wakhe, njengoko le ndawo iya kusetyenziselwa uninzi amanqaku zethu.
2. Anarcho-ukulwela amalungelo. Umbutho yaqala kwi eUnited States ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. A ummeli ebalulekileyo kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa njengoko Emma Goldman - "Red Emma". Lo mfazi abavela eRashiya phambi revolution, waza wabahlalisa eUnited States. Anarcho-feminists kwakhona ababemelene urhulumente njengendlela zokumiswa amagama ngokwemveli emisiweyo ulwalamano lwentsapho, imfundo, kunye neendima nesini. Emma Goldman namuhla waye engumlawuli amalungelo oluntu nomkhuseli, leyo kuqhubeka ukulwela ukulingana lwabasetyhini, amalungelo abantu abambalwa ngesondo, njl Umtshato, wacinga, -. Le mvumelwano kwezoqoqosho eqhelekileyo phakathi kwendoda nomfazi. Kwaye ezi mbono kwaye yawa phezu ezingqondweni ubunzima ngenxa iintetho, iincwadi ukupapasha neminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, xa uluntu Western igcinwe inkolo kunye traditionalism.
3. anarchism Green - lujolise ingqalelo kwingxaki ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo.
4. Anarcho-primitivism - tsalela ukushiya eliphezulu-zobugcisa, apho, ngokwembono zabo, kuqinisekise isikhundla abo ngamandla kunye nokusebenza. Kunye nabanye.

Eyona engundoqo iziyalezo anarcho-socialism

Anarcho-Socialism - olubonakala okubizela ekulweni naluphi na uhlobo yokuxhaphaza, ipropati yabucala njengonobangela enkulu ezithile ngokwezinga (ngokwezinga) oluntu zibe izityebi namahlwempu. iimbono ezinjalo ezingqondweni le anarchist Nestor Makhno ngexesha revolution nemfazwe yamakhaya. Icala ezahlukeneyo ukusuka Bolshevism classical kuphela ngenxa yokuba zifunwaEzokugqibela zidweliselwe ebiza ngolawulo ngokozwi lakhe labasebenzi, okt. E. Ukwenziwa kanye eklasini omnye phezu komnye. Anarcho-ndawonye, yaye onke abaphikisana nobukho nayiphi na iklasi sigqibo okanye nangokodidi ekuhlaleni. eziphambili iindawo zakhe:

1. Mutualism (myutyualizm). Oku kusekelwe kumgaqo uncedo efanayo, inkululeko, isivumelwano ngokuzithandela. Owasungula le into bakholelwa uPierre Zhozefa Prudona, ogama umsebenzi kubonakala kwinkulungwane XVIII, phambi kokuba ekugqibeleni kwasekwa kwemisinga anarchist.
2. Anarcho-ubukomanisi. Abaxhasi kulo mzabalazo babekholelwa ukuba imfuneko ukudala Thethani self-lolawulo, ekufuneka ihlelwe kusetyenziso adibeneyo iindlela zemveliso.
3. anarchism Collectivist okanye collectivism olukhulu. Abaxhasi le intshukumo ndibize ukuba ukubhukuqwa endleleni olululo. Ngokungafaniyo ntsingiselo yangaphambili, lo anarcho-collectivists bacinga ukuba bonke abantu ekuhlaleni kufuneka afumane intlawulo efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe ngokwemeko yazo. Banal "ukugudisa", ngokoluvo lwabo, kuya kukhokelela ekubeni mass lweentshulube ukuba "izinambuzane" liya kusebenzisa Ukuxelenga kwabanye.
4. Anarcho-syndicalism. Lugxininisa kwizinto yintshukumo yabasebenzi. abalandeli bakhe zithande ukuba bashiye inkqubo yabasebenzi yomvuzo kunye nepropati yabucala. Indlela yemveliso babubone unobangela ukwahlulwa umphakathi abanini kunye nabasebenzi. Kunye nabanye.

Ngelishwa, kwinqaku mnye nzima ukugqithisa ngokufutshane umahluko ophambili phakathi indlela anarchism. Nangona kunjalo, kumagama ambalwa esinokubangela ukuba uthi anarcho-capitalism - intsingiselo oluchasayo anarcho-socialism. Last ayinambango ngokupheleleyo naziphi na izimvo na ipropati yabucala, capitalism, abasebenzi eqeshiweyo. Okokuqala, phezu koko, wamkela ezi ngcamango. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga kuya kuboniswana kamva kweli nqaku.

Imvelaphi anarcho-capitalism

ulwalathiso Anarcho-nkulu ikwabizwa ngokuba "anarchism Libertarian". Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi livele Murray Rothbard. Ukuvela oku lisukela emva gqira yenkulungwane XX eUnited States. Nangona isiseko theoretical component kusekelwe phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, imisebenzi nkolelo yemarike, enye yazo nguGustave de Molinari.

concept

anarchism Market - eyaziwa ngokuba anarcho-capitalism - ngokusekelwe ukukholelwa ilifa mahala kwipropati yabucala. Uyaphika urhulumente njengeziko amandla, kuba buphazamisana ngenkxaso imarike kukhuphiswano. Ngelo xesha, le wenguquko odumileyo - Yegor Gaidar - Wathi, "imarike iya kubeka yonke endaweni yayo." Nangona umfundisi Russian yinkulumbuso yaye wayengekho igqwetha lejaji yale bulumko, kodwa isigwebo sakhe zaqala enye anarchism ngezimvo emarikeni. Lembombo wabeka ingcamango kobudlelwane ezamahala kwimarike, ibotshelelwe ngokuzithandela. Yiyo lo mgaqo kukhonza ukusekwa kuluntu isitali, leyo ngokwayo Ungahlela ulawulo lomthetho, ukudala yabo sikhokelo esemthethweni, ukhuseleko kunye nezibonelelo eziyimfuneko, ihlelwe nge kukhuphiswano lorhwebo.

imigomo

Sam Murray Rothbard waqonda ukuba urhulumente -. Oku, ngokwemigqaliselo mihla, i elilungelelanisiweyo iqela mthetho ukuba benza eneneni ndandiwaqhatha ngokusebenzisa iirhafu, imirhumo, imisebenzi, iilayisenisi, njl Phantse bonke oorhulumente nkulu mihla ziye zaba zizibhanxa of ababawa ezinkulu zemali. Capitalism, njengoko ingcali yale - ke ubukho yabanini ezincinane, yaye namhlanje sibona ukuba amashishini amancinane ehlabathini lonke ulahlekelwa indlela yayo kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Endaweni amawaka namashishini abasakhasayo, sibona a mogul enkulu, elisuke impembelelo yayo kumazwe amaninzi.

Ngoko ke, libertarianism mihla kunye anarchism ukuba neenjongo ezifanayo imfundiso yali Communist - bonke babiza ukwaphula inkqubo ekhoyo, nto leyo iye yaguquka ehlabathini.

Iimbono ukuze yoluntu elizayo

Kweli cala yentanda abahlalutyi abaninzi phakathi abezoqoqosho, oosonzululwazi ezopolitiko izazi. Nkqu Socialist kwaye ndawonye kunye nezimvo ye "ikamva eliqaqambileyo", "ukulingana kwezentlalo", "inkululeko", "abazalwana" musa ukubiza ukushiya urhulumente njengokuba umalusi nobudlelwane kwezentlalo. Kodwa ke enye ingcali yale anarcho-capitalism - Murray Rothbard - phezu koko, wabongoza ukuba ayishiye ngokuphelele kuyo. Njani, ke ngoko, kufuneka isebenze uluntu zongxowankulu apho ipropati yabucala bungcwele kufuneka bakhuselwe? Ukuze wenze oku, ukudala i izakhiwo zokhuseleko zabucala, ekufuneka isebenze qho kukhuphiswano. Akufuneki ngemali iirhafu, kwaye ukusuka iziseko zabucala. umsebenzi Personal nezoqoqosho kufuneka ilawulwa yimithetho yendalo, emarikeni kunye ngoncedo komthetho zabucala. Society, ngokutsho nkolelo ze kwicala bulumko, ungaziva ukuqonda indlela kufuneka bahlala kufutshane elizayo. Abantu baya kukunika up ezininzi zolwaphulo-mthetho, njengoko urhulumente kwaye ngoyena nobangela komsebenzi wabo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphumeza iingcamango libertarianism?

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ingcamango utopia ingundoqo Libertarian. Njengoko bakhomba into yokuba uhlobo lwabantu kukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuphelisa imikhwa yabantu ezinjengezo ngumona, umsindo, ukungcatshwa, umnqweno uthathe ithuba nokuxelenga kwabanye, umnqweno ilifa yomnye impahla, kunye nabanye khumbula uvavanyo ngokwasengqondweni njengoko impikiswano engundoqo :. "Ukuba wevenkile uya kubona; iimveliso ukuba akukho namnye ukhusela into ntoni? ". Impendulo echanekileyo iya kuba lowo onikela imveliso kwi wevenkile ukuba. Ezinye iimpendulo zithathwa yi iisayikholojisti embi, azifihle hlobo kwesi sifundo. E. Awunako ukutshintsha esidalwe ngayo, ngoko yena, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla kolawulo lwangaphandle, akafundi ukuphila "ekunene." Zonke iingcamango zenzelwe ukutshintsha yobuntu ngokudala iimeko ezahlukeneyo zentlalo, zithathwa ukuba ube nephupha. Ngoko ke, anarchism lorhwebo kufuneka luthathwe hlobo. Noko ke, abanye bakholelwa ukuba libertarianism unako ukusebenza. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iimeko ezithile kufuneka zenzeke. Bethetha ngaphezulu ngezantsi.

Iimeko ukuphumeza ingcamango anarchism market

Ngenxa yoko, iingcamango Murray Rothbard waqonda, kufuneka kwenzeke le miqathango ilandelayo:

1. ukuziphatha ukukhonya amandla. Kuluntu apho yonke into baze bathengiswe, kunzima ukuba ufundisa umntu ngomoya 'ukuze awukwazi "," akulungile ", njl Namhlanje, siyabona ukuba abantwana multimillionaires iyangqubana yonke imithetho: .. Abayi ayithobele imithetho yesantya ezindleleni, kungenzeka ukweyisa abameli komthetho nocwangco, ukuba bathethe ngokugculelayo yelizwe ahlala kuyo, njl abemi "esiqhelekileyo" ukuziphatha ayide ikwazi kuxolelwa :. bakholisa ukufumana isohlwayo bumandundu. Kuphela apho uxwebhe ixabiso yokuziphatha kunye nenkululeko ngemali nzima, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwakha uluntu efanelekileyo.
2. Ukudalwa amaziko aliqela. Ukuba akukho kufunyenwe karhulumente, umsebenzi wayo kufuneka azalisekise namanye amaziko asekuhlaleni. Kufuneka ube namandla negunya ebekungayi kuba nganto. Imeko ephambili - kufuneka kubekho abathile, okanye endaweni olunye uhlobo likarhulumente, sinokuyifumana omnye: Lobuthixo, clan, capitalism zasendle kunye nabanye.
3. inkqubo elidityanisiweyo amaxabiso. inkqubo Libertarianstskaya iya kusebenza kuphela xa onke amalungu oluntu ukuba babambelele kwiingcamango anarcho-capitalism. Xa ubona inani elikhulu labantu ngoyaba imigaqo kunye namaziko yamandla ayo, inkqubo azidilize ngokukhawuleza.

Olube yimpumelelo anarcho-capitalism

Sahlanganisa ngobhalo libertarianism. Yitsho kancinci malunga yokomfuziselo. Banner anarcho- capitalism ingqalelo iflegi emnyama ebengezelayo. Black umbala - uphawu yemveli anarchism. Yellow - zingumqondiso igolide, kukho okuthile ngayo kwimarike ngaphandle ungenelelo ngoncedo kurhulumente. iflegi Black-and-yellow ufumaneka embodiments ezahlukeneyo. Akukho lungiselelo engqongqo leentyatyambo. Maxa wambi iqulethe imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo: isithsaba, uphawu dollar, kunye nabanye.

Anarcho-capitalism eRashiya

Kwilizwe lethu bambalwa abantu ubambe iimbono ukuthengisa anarchism. Thina, ukuba ngabalandeli anarchism, oko kunoko abaxhasi anarcho-syndicalism, eyenza i usiko ezahlukeneyo zolutsha. Iingcali ukuba neoanarhisty mihla, njengoko umthetho, musa baqonde kwiimbono esisiseko anarcho-syndicalism, basebenzisa iisimboli kuphela - iiflegi ebomvu namnyama. Kuzo zonke iziganeko ezibandakanya kubo isandi, ezigxeka anti-zwilakhe ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela.

Injongo neoanarhizma eRashiya

Modern Uqhankqalazo neoanarhichesky eRashiya mhlawumbi inyathelo kuphela umgaqo ezingezo-ngokunomkhethe ngaphandle, amandla kungalawuleki. iinkokeli bayo bakholelwa ukuba injongo intshukumo - kumzabalazo wokulwa Fascism, ngokunjalo izinto zayo ingcambu - capitalism, nto leyo idala ukungalingani kwezentlalo kunye yokufudukela ngohlobo olulo ngoku.