Statism - is ... Statism: nobubi

Igama livela i statism French "kombuso", gama elo elithetha "imeko". Statism - na ingqikelelo ukucinga kwezopolitiko, apho ubona urhulumente njengoko impumelelo ephezulu kunye neenjongo zophuhliso lwentlalo.

Igama elithi "statism"

Imbali kwekota intsukaphi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 e-France. Uyise uthathwa ukuba othetha isiFrentshi Swiss numa Droz. Yena waba yezopolitiko yimpumelelo kunye yekhasi. Ngo-1881 no-1887 wayebambe isikhundla njengoMongameli Swiss Union. Wentando ngemvelo welinye iqela kweloo socialism, wabiza ngenxa yokomelezwa lonke Swiss Confederation. Numa Droz baqalisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "statism" nje ngokunxulumene eluntwini apho uxele ukuba le migaqo ezibaluleke ngakumbi imigaqo yenkululeko zabo somntu.

Kwilizwe ngalinye kukho iimpawu inkqubo ebizwa etatizm. Nzulu ngalo kule meko kwezopolitiko ngokubanzi efunda imihla yethu. Noko ke, abaninzi kubona le into zezopolitiko HIV kwilizwe labo.

abamele

Ingcamango basic, izinto ezintle nezimbi ye statism kuvavanywe kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela. Le meko kuqwalaselwa ehlabathini lonke. Abameli eziphambili statism izinto zobulumko, abezoqoqosho, abezopolitiko kunye mbali. Kukho ezinde ezininzi ezithetha ngalo mbandela. Malunga igunya likarhulumente ukubhala ezi zobulumko zamandulo eluntwini, njengoko Aristotle Plato, ingcamango yabo inkxaso kamva Italy - noNiccolò Machiavelli, eNgilani - Hobbes, eJamani - Hegel.

Imigaqo statism

Umgaqo ephambili kukuba indima ephambili ngurhulumente kuzo zonke iinkqubo. Ezi ziquka uyilo kwezopolitiko, ngokomoya, kwezoqoqosho, kunye nomthetho. Umsebenzi izixhobo karhulumente - yimfuneko ukuba kube nefuthe isigxina zonke zobomi yoluntu. Ngokusekelwe kule mbono, uluntu nje ukukwazi nje self-government: urhulumente kufuneka 'ukuncedisa' abemi babo.

Omnye umgaqo osisiseko statism kukuba urhulumente - lo mthombo wophuhliso. Awanalo ilungelo lokuba khona, iinkampani zabucala, amajelo eendaba, naluphi na uhlobo ishishini. izixhobo Government - a monopolist kuso nasiphi na isigaba umsebenzi.

Umgaqo olandelayo kuthiwa interventionism. Ukuba akukho nto iyenye, njengoko umgaqo-nkqubo zongenelelo ngoncedo karhulumente kubomi abantu zabucala. Eyona njongo iphambili uRhulumente iqwalasela revolution yokuthintela, ulawulo lwamashishini, ulawulo kunye nokubeka esweni mass zonke iinkalo zobomi babantu bayo.

Omnye umgaqo obalulekileyo statism - umgaqo-nkqubo ofuna ukuqinisekisa uBukumkani bukaThixo yonke. Baya lokubeka inkolo jikelele kubo bonke, wabulela kule kukho "Churchification" karhulumente. Ngokutsho statists waqiniseka, ibandla kufuneka abe nempembelelo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bomntu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ibanike kunye privatisation unqulo. Noko ke, umgaqo-nkqubo onjalo, njengoko oko kungqinwa ibali, ngaba loo nto ayithethi kuthi impumelelo, oko kukhokelela totalitarianism, aya ngokuya ufana Bolshevism kunye kwiSocialism kaZwelonke (udushe, Fascism).

okukhona

Qwalasela eziluncedo nezingeloncedo of statism. Enye yezinto ezilungileyo eziphambili kukuba abantu bathathe inxaxheba ekwakheni ilizwe nkqi, elizimeleyo oluphucukileyo, leyo ngempumelelo wenza umsebenzi ukuphucula. Ukuhlala phezu umda welizwe, abantu kufuneka Ungakhathazeki malunga ukungakhuseleki zabo zentlalo, ukufumaneka kwamathuba emisebenzi kunye namazinga asezantsi kuqoqosho. Baye sithembele ngokupheleleyo kurhulumente, yaye emva koko, neliya, ubanika ithemba elizayo. Kubonakala scheme elula: abantu ukuba ivoti kwabo ubabalo, yaye kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba abantu ukhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko loluntu lomiwo mhlaba. Kodwa siyazi, akukho nkqubo isebenza ngokuyinene, ngoko sibheka kuzo ngasemva lwemali.

bendlela

Urhulumente isesikhundleni okuphelele indima yayo. Kwaye ngamanye amazwi ukuba uthi statism - kukudala umfuziselo "kaThixo emhlabeni". Kukho ekuthiwa-phantsi kwesizwe zonke iintlobo zobomi bomntu. Akukho nqanaba yomsebenzi apho urhulumente ibingayi ukuthatha inxaxheba. Enyanisweni, statism - nolawula amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi, zonke izakhiwo, icandelo lokutya, amasebe kubomi. Kukho epheleleyo yolawulo yinye. statism Legal kuquka nokubekwa siseko kunye neenqobo. Ukutshatyalaliswa uluntu kudala iqondo eliphezulu karhulumente kwamapolisa ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo ngokohlobo statism iyonke.

Population iguqulwe nje kwenye ubunzima enkulu egalelwe, leyo ungalawuleka lula.

Statism kunye Anarchism

NoNiccolò Machiavelli and Georg UWilhelm Hegel ezi nkolelo ezininzi ezibonisiweyo ukuphuhlisa iingcinga statism. Ayekholelwa ukuba statism - sisichasi ngokupheleleyo anarchism. Ngenxa yazo, indlela ephumelelayo yokujongana zaqalwa ezitratweni, ubusela, ukubulala kunye nezinye monakalo kukwandisa indima karhulumente.

Machiavelli wafuna avuselele Italy aphulwe, weva ubunzima ngexesha ugxothwa zamihla. isikhundla sakhe yabiwa ngokupheleleyo yi Hegel, owayefuna amandla eJamani. Wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaJamani ukuba bamanyane baze baqinisekise ukuba abe imeko lwabo kwaye kufuneka bathobele imithetho yayo.

Ke Machiavelli and Hegel wayekholelwa ukuba amandla monopolistic le siqinile kubalulekile ukuba inkululeko uluntu. Baye nabo ndaqonda ukuba abantu kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba ekudalweni yomthetho kunye ukusombulula amatyala-level embusweni. Le model kamva wanikwa igama "isimilo". amazwe amaninzi aye asetyenziswa ngayo imihla yethu.

izibonelo etatizma

Imbali ukhumbula imizekelo emininzi seenzame statism. Oku kuquka amagunya nayo neJapan, China, eUnited States, Azeybardzhan. izinto ezibonakalayo into ezifana statism eRashiya kakhulu.

Ukanti omnye weyona mizekelo olothusayo ehlabathini yaba yokuqala umongameli weli , Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, (walawula 1923-1938). Wafuna "oderzhavit 'onke amashishini kunye namaziko, apho, ngokwembono yakhe, waba umdla incinane kurhulumente. wokuguqula kunye amalinge ukutshintsha yonke Lungelelanisa amagunya belibandakanya utshintsho. Statism ngohlobo "Kemalism 'ingqalelo imfundiso ezisemthethweni ngurhulumente Turkish, bamsa inkqubo Republican yaBantu Party (1931), yaye nokuba isithole siseko (ngowe-1937).

Ukuze siqonde ingqiqo ngakumbi statist, linokubhekisela uncwadi. Dzhorzh Oruell wabhala ekuboneni emangalisayo esengqiqweni zikholeleke inoveli, abekelwe ikakhulu ingcamango phantsi kwesizwe yabo ngeenxa zonke. I inoveli ubizwa ngokuba "-1984", kanti lishiya ityhefu apho kuthandwa enkulu kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ngesakhiwo bunikwa ehlabathini etsomo ukuba izixhobo urhulumente ugcina zonke izinto phantsi kolawulo kunye kweliso: abantu yonke iyaqhutywa. Akukho gumbi nkqu ubomi buqu, kwaye yonke candelo ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwempembelelo qela. Abantu abavumelekanga ukuba ukucinga, abahlobo kunye nothando. Nasiphi na isenzo esingekho mthethweni bezonxibelelwano bukhatshwa sisohlwayo ngokungqongqo ngumthetho, nto leyo azifani kwaye yongezwe yonke imihla. Emva kokuba ukupapashwa kweli hlabathi msebenzi babamba umoya, noyike elindele ukuba isiphelo enjalo ngokwayo.

Statism eRussia

statism Legal kwanwenwa kwihlabathi jikelele kwiminyaka edlulileyo eziliqela. Kwaye iRussia yinkolelo lezopolitiko abawaphephi. Elements of the ingqiqo ezendeleyo sikarhulumente ngasinye.

Le statism Russian wabonakalaliswa ngenxa zolawulo umdla kwiinkampani yentsimbi, i-oyile negesi, kunye nokunqanda kwamashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi. Enyanisweni, urhulumente uyila bodwa iinkampani inkulu, ezo kubarhafi eziphambili kweli lizwe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, imithetho enxulumene kula macandelo esoloko itshintsha ayikho baxhasa abantu abaqhelekileyo.

Noko ke, ngelishwa, lo nalwazelelelo na irhafu - nje umqondiso kuphela statism eRashiya. UMbuso iyangenelela ishishini elincinane, nokuba lowo inikezela ucoceko ingeniso ephantsi, ukuze, ukufikelela ukutya okanye iinkonzo kwiidolophu ezincinane. Imithetho atshintsha rhoqo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kuba nzima ukuba ishishini. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ukuba urhulumente izixhobo kuyidla a amashishini amancinci abucala.

statism namhlanje

Namhlanje, izazinzulu Western kwezopolitiko ziye afikelele kwisivumelwano eqhelekileyo. Beyisekile ukuba ngcinga statism kwiziphumo ukufundiswa capitalism karhulumente, ukuba kwemikhosi uqoqosho kukhokelela uhlanga iingalo (oku, ngokukodwa, kwaye urhulumente wamaKomanisi).

Kuba oku kunye nezinye izizathu, abantu emhlabeni wonke ubabalo lwentando yesininzi kunye nenkululeko yokucinga. Baya ngokuya ufuna ukuba zihlale kunye ngoxolo kunye oomatshini urhulumente ukuba babambisane amagama kakuhle. Kodwa ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo kwaye ibe phantsi kwegunya ngokupheleleyo yaye ulawule isimo sabo akafuni nawuphi na ummi.