HPP Zhigulevskaya: imbali, iifoto

mveliso Zhiguli kuye ephupheni urhulumente waseSoviet kwi kakhulu Ekuqaleni lizwe. Izicwangciso iqale 30, yaye elikhulu-scale yokwakha anayo kwexesha irekhodi emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Imbali Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo - le yenye amaphepha ngezoshishino ukhuseleko lwamandla eSoviet Union kunye eRashiya.

Ukususela ingcamango ukuya ekuqaleni

Ingcamango ukwakha Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo ngo-1910 sele sifakiwe kwi injineli urhulumente tsarist Samara G. M. Krzhizhanovsky. Ukuphumeza oko kwenzeka kuphela emva kokuba revolution, xa wamkelwa kwisicwangciso kombane, leyo yaqaliswa lelo Injineli efanayo, kodwa sele kwi ubume sihlalo umbane ikhomishini.

Ekuqaleni-30 kule ndawo, ekufuphi kwilali izaphetha oluBomvu, waqalisa umsebenzi uphando kuphuhliso lwe-eneji enokubakho iVolga. Umphumo waba isindululo ukwakha isikhululo Kuibyshev ngamanzi, apho kwenzeka kukuxhobisa amanqaku amathathu ukuqala umsebenzi. Okokuqala kukho esakhiweni kufutshane kwilali Red nezaphetha. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iprojekthi enkulu-isikali Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo kwakhiwa kwikomkhulu. Kodwa sele ngo 1940 kwisiza nokubekwa olucetywayo isikhululo kutyhilwa iidipozithi yeoli, kunye nokwakhiwa babomile.

emva kwemfazwe,

Kweli xesha kwemfazwe okuyiphatha phandle ezongezelelweyo bezimbiwa "Hydroproject" imikhosi ziko. isiza esifanelekileyo wafunyanwa kufutshane nedolophu Zhigulyovsk. ч . Ngokutsho projekthi, ngo-1949, amandla ngamanzi Zhigulyovskaya wabekwa kwinqanaba yezigidi 2.1 iiyure kVt⋅.

Ukwakhiwa yaqala ngo-1950 kwaye ngoko nangoko wazuza ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukwenza izicwangciso-50 amashishini zokwakha kunye nokufakwa ababebandakanyeka, ezinxulumene phantse onke amasebe lizwe. Malunga 130 amaziko kunye namaziko agcina inkcazelo ngeentengo uyilo, izixhobo sonikezelo kunye namacandelo ababandakanyekayo mveliso ngaphezu kwama 1,300 ekuyileni amaziko kunye nezakhiwo babandakanywe. OyiNtloko ukwakhiwa kwendawo waqeshwa I. V. Komzin, efunyenweyo uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kweprojekthi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu isihloko uHero Socialist Yabasebenzi.

izigaba zokwakha

HPP Zhiguli - uncedo enkulu post-imfazwe, nto leyo efunekayo nokuvuselelwa noqoqosho elibuthathaka isixa esikhulu lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nezibonelelo. Umba ngezibonelelo zabantu kwalungiswa pretty ezinzima - kuninzi Abakhi amabanjwa ukuba isiqulatho zazo Kuneevsky ITL, Glavgidrostroyu ilawulwe Ministry of Wangaphakathi USSR.

Ukulahla iliwa phezu kodonga lasekunene iVolga ukwakhiwa kwedama yaqalwa ebusika ka-1950. Umhla ezisemthethweni kokuqaliswa kokwakhiwa ithathwa ngokuba Februwari 18, 1951, xa wasuswa ukusuka emhlabeni wokuqala ikamva kwindawo emhadini. esakhiweni HPP Zhigulevskaya waba bomtya. Ukuze kuphunyezwe nokukhawulezisa isantya komsebenzi kwisiza watsala konke ukutyeba indlela yokwenza mzuzu.

NgoJulayi 1951 waqala ukwakhiwa kwesango lentendelezo ephantsi kunye nezityalo enamandla eziphathekayo elunxwemeni ekhohlo lomlambo. Entwasahlobo ka-1952 uqale ulwakhiwo lwedama kwebhulorho iikhilomitha ezisibhozo ubude, yaye ehlotyeni lixesha lokwakha zokuphuma ephezulu aphehla ukuthunyelwa. NgoDisemba waloo nyaka kokuba esigunyaziswe enezakhiwo esibhedlele.

isantya yanda

HPP Zhigulevskaya wakha ngesantya olukhawulezisiweyo, maxa wambi iiyure zomsebenzi bamba ukuya ku-20 amawaka cubic metres ngekhonkrithi, obeyindoda irekhodi nkqu imigangatho yehlabathi. NgoDisemba 1952, kwaqala umsebenzi concreting emazantsi kwesango lentendelezo ephantsi, iinyanga ezimbini babuyizalisile kubomi benkcubeko abakhi - ezifakwa ukusebenza club oyile entsha kwilali Meadow Sunny.

Ngo-Epreli 1953 waqala Ekhathazekile ilitye nezityalo macadam, iimveliso apho ukususela-30 Julayi iye yasetyenziswa ekwakheni aphehla zokwakha isikhululo samandla. Isiseko kwipleyiti yonke Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo yagqitywa ngoJulayi 1954. Imbali kwesakhiwo kwafika ingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu - indalo kwedama. Ukuqhambuka lanikwa ngo-Agasti 15, 1955, kwaqalisa kunye ukungqubana kodonga lasekhohlo iVolga, i idama yodongwe iye kwakhona iinyanga-2. Ngo-Oktobha, amanzi omlambo yayimiselwe emhadini.

Idlulela ne ibhanki lasekunene lomlambo yagqitywa ngexesha irekhodi, iingcali wathabatha iiyure nje kwama-19 ukulungiselela imisebenzi enzima. Kule Kwiiveki ezimbini ezilandelayo, esasisebenza lokuphelisa nya iziphene ezincinane kumzimba kwedama. NgoNovemba 1955 amanzi aqalisa ukuba bazalise Kuibyshev ichibi.

Project amanzi kuwo lifikelelwe kuphela ngoJuni 1957. Ngelo xesha kokufikelela amandla yokusebenza Kuibyshev ichibi yaba likhulu ehlabathini - indawo ahlala malunga 6000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, ubude - 510 eemitha, ububanzi kwezinye iindawo lafikelela ngeekhilomitha 27.

amarekhodi

Imbali Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo ngoJulayi 1955 yabalasela sicatshulwa benqanawa lokuqala zamasango marine asezantsi. NgoNovemba, kwabakho ukungqubana ejelo ephambili iVolga, ngoDisemba igqityiwe ukufakelwa kweyunithi yokuqala hydraulic waqalisa ukusebenza kwayo zorhwebo. Ezinye iiyunithi umbane elinanye zaziswa ngethuba 1956-1957. I billion zokuqala iiyure-kilowatt yafunyanwa ngo-Oktobha 1956. Umhla lokugqitywa kwisigaba ephambili yokwakha ithathwa-14 Oktobha 1957, xa zonke turbines HPP ukhuphe umbane mveliso.

Ifakela injini umthamo ngalunye 150 lamawaka MW ithatha malunga nyanga, emva kokungenisa kwabo ukusebenza kwacaca ukuba ekuphuhliseni turbines kunye namandla ukuya kwi 115 MW. Ngenxa kwiiyunithi zokutshekishwa kwakhona kuthwalelwa, kwaye ifakwe amandla ngamanzi landile ukuya 2.3 GW.

Yonke imigudu ezilandelayo ziye ijoliswe kwabo izakhiwo zolawulo kwi iziseko kwisikhululo kunye nezibonelelo zentlalo Zhigulevsk kunye aseStavropol. HPP Zhiguli - isakhiwo ekhethekileyo, yonke yamanzi sakhiwe iminyaka esixhenxe. Ngeli xesha, oko kwenziwa phantse 200 million cubic metres earthwork, wabeka malunga nezigidi ezisi-8 cubic metres ngekhonkrithi, efakiweyo amawaka 200 iitoni izakhiwo intsimbi kunye nezixhobo.

ukuxhaphaza

mveliso Zhiguli yavulwa ngokusesikweni ngomhla we-Agasti 9, 1958 emkhosini esindilisekileyo phambi abantu zokuqala USSR. Ngosuku olulandelayo, isikhululo labizwa iVolga ngamanzi Power Station kunye kwisabelo Lenin. nxaxheba abaninzi ukwakhiwa abafumene amabhaso karhulumente. Iinkqubo ekwakhiweni amabanjwa baye bakhululwa zaya endle hi uxolelo, abanye ahlale kunciphise ixesha lokukhonza isigwebo.

Ngu ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 1966 Zhiguli mveliso yezityalo liphuhlise zokubhiyizela kilowatt-iiyure 100 ezigidi umbane. Ngeli xesha linye kwabakho matshini eyondeleleneyo zonke iinkqubo zolawulo kwisikhululo de kube sekupheleni-70 elikhulu-scale yotshintsho izixhobo lwaqhutywa.

Ngenxa kutshintshwe inkqubo yoqoqosho ngo-1993 itshintshe ubume isikhululo: njengoko ngenxa ngokuhlanganisa inkampani waba inkampani yoluntu kuphela. Ngowe-2001 HPP Zhigulevskaya yaba yinxalenye inkampani "iVolga lombane Cascade". Ukususela ngo-2003, isikhululo samandla ngamanzi na umthengisi lombane Iyindawo, leyo ethengisa-15% ye-eneji eyenziwe, ezinye izibonelelo ezikhoyo emarikeni olulawulwayo federal.

modernity

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umnini isikhululo nkampani ebambe "RusHydro". Zhiguli mveliso sisityalo - oku umandlalo mlambo ngamanzi, zonke izibonelelo ezivela kwiklasi yokuqala luphila. Ubume lwezibonelelo iquka:

• Zomdaka dam ukuphakama kuyimitha 52 (ububanzi - 750 m, ubude - 2800 m).
• Aphehla ukwakha isikhululo eemitha 700 ubude.
• Lwedama dam 980 eemitha ubude.
• lock ngenqanawe.

Ukuphakama Zhiguli ombane izityalo kwinxalenye dama kweemitha 40,15, ndlu amandla a ukuphakama kuyimitha 81,1. On top of idama sabekwa kaloliwe kunye umendo namagqabi umyalezo eMoscow - Samara. ч . umthamo Station 2320 MW, kwaye imveliso kunamandla aqhelekileyo igcinwa kwi 10.5 yeebhiliyoni iiyure kVt⋅. ч , и 4 машины мощностью 120 МВт⋅ ч . Igumbi umatshini 20 lixhotyiswe ngeeyunithi hydraulic uhlobo ujingi-vane, 14 apho nomthamo 115 MVt⋅ h no-4 machine iiyure MVt⋅ 120.

kwempucuko

Ngo-2010 inkampani "RusHydro" utyikitye isivumelwano OAO "Imishini Amandla" ngenxa yotshintsho kweeyunithi hydraulic. NgoJuni 2017 uhlaziyo wafumana iimoto-19, kokugqitywa yonke oluntsonkothileyo amanyathelo icetyelwe ngoNovemba 2017. Amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuhlaziya mali iya kwandisa umthamo isityalo phezulu ukuya 2488 MW.

Njengoko isakhiwo yokuqala, yaye namhlanje ngobambana izityalo amandla izityalo umbane Zhiguli. izikhululo Photo, amadama kunye yonke ezintsonkothileyo aphehla nokukhuthaza intlonipho ubungqondi abayili kunye abakhi.