Ukusetyenziswa alkenes kolu shishino.

Alkenes - i into imichiza ezizizembiwa indalo, ube bond wayo kabini sakhiwo enye. Ezi ziquka ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexene, heptene kunye nabanye. Ukusetyenziswa alkenes Zinjalo kwiindawo ezininzi kushishino, ngokunjalo kuqoqosho lwesizwe.

Ngenxa reactivity eliphezulu le khompawundi ngokuzikhanyeza kabini, ukuba zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengoko izinto ekrwada kushishino chemical. Cinga isicelo umzekelo alkenes ethylene. Ethylene emi ekuqaleni thotho homologous of alkenes kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ethylene ethers, nto leyo yona kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imicu zokwenziwa Dacron, antifreezes, iziqhushumbisi. Indawo ebalulekileyo isicelo udlala polymerization ethylene. Isebenza kwiqondo eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Polymerizing ethylene bokwakha polyethylene esetyenziswa njengesiseko imveliso zeplastiki, rubbers zokwenziwa kunye nepetroli. Polyethylene macromolecules elifutshane a igrisi ulwelo. Ukuba inani liyunithi molecule polyethylene 1.5-3 amawaka, ngoko ke unako ukuvelisa iiphakheji umboniso, iibhotile, izinto zeplastiki. Ngokwandisa ubude chain emihlanu ukuya kumawaka amathandathu polyethylene iyaqina, izinto ezomeleleyo kuzo izifakelelo umbhobho langabom. Of nezinye alkenes nazo zilungisiwe yi polymerization Imisonto zokwenziwa. amandla High ezinepolypropylene uye iipropati ezivela propene.

Ukusabela ethylene ne hydrogen chloride ethyl chloride ibunjiwe, nto leyo isetyenziswa iyeza Ukubulawa zasekuhlaleni. Ukusetyenziswa alkenes nako ezinxulumene nobuchule babo asabele ngamanzi ukwenza alkoholi. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ethylene ukuxovwa reaction ifunyenwe utywala ethyl. Bafumana ukusebenzisa izinto ukuze kwimveliso iikhompawundi organic, lacquers, iiplastiki, kunye namashishini izithambiso kuthetha oxide alkene, leyo akhiwa iikhompawundi kunye ngokuzikhanyeza kabini ngexesha igcwala oksijini emoyeni. Ngenxa yoko le Ukongeza zisabela alkenes kunye halogen-haloalkanes walungisa. Ngenxa yoko, dichloroethane ukusuka ethylene ilungisiwe, esetyenziswa kwisinyibilkisi ukunyibilikisa ipeyinti kunye ivanishi, kwabulawa bhuma, umhlaba, ingqolowa, yaye njengoko iglu ukuba iiplastiki bond. I ekrwada izinto ngenxa kwimveliso acetic acid, ethyl benzene, styrene kunye nezinye iikhemikali ngokorhwebo ibalulekile ethylene. Iipropati Chemical amisele yayo isicelo njengesiseko zonke ezi izinto. reactivity High ngenxa yobukho ibhondi kabini. reactions Ukudibanisa e alkenes zenzeke iqhina kabini. Isiphumo ukuqhekeka π-zonxibelelwano kunye nemfundo endaweni yayo ezimbini iintambo-σ.

Ukusetyenziswa alkenes ayiphelelanga ekusetyenzisweni kwazo izinto ekrwada ukuba inani elikhulu iikhompawundi. Umzekelo, ethylene lisetyenziswa storages, yaye zokugcina ukuze kukhawuleziswe lokuvuthwa iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, kwakunye komlawuli nokukhula kwesityalo.