EGP Australia: iimpawu, iimpawu, iimpawu eziphambili, ubuqili kunye nokuqhawula

Akukho zizwe kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, efana ne-Australia, inokuziqhayisa ukuba indawo yabo ihlala kwilizwekazi lonke. "Izwekazi elihlaza" (njengoko kuthiwa lithetha ngeAustralian Union) yileli lizwe eliphela liphela ngokupheleleyo kumandla angamelwane ngamanzi olwandle ukusuka kumacala onke. Ngokubhekiselele kumzantsi-mpuma we-Eurasia, leli zwekazi liphethe i-EGP enenzuzo. I-Ostraliya ibonakaliswa ngokuzihlukanisa kunye nokudeka kwihlabathi lonke lamanje, kodwa le nyaniso ayinakuyithintela ukuba ilizwe lingabonwa njengelinye lezona ziphuhliswe kakhulu kwihlabathi.

Indawo yendawo yelizwekazi

Amanzi asePasifike kunye namaNdiya ahlamba iibhanki. Phantse i-99% yommandla we-Union yase-Australia ikhona kwilizwe. Iziqithi, kuquka i-Tasmania, zithatha intsalela yendawo apho ulongamo loluntu luqhubeka. Malunga nee-7.7 yezigidi zeemitha zesikwere. I-Km ivumela i-Australia ukuba ibe phakathi kwamazwe alishumi aluninzi kwihlabathi, ukuhlala ngokuzithemba kumgca we-6 kwisilinganiselo esifanayo. Kungaphambi kweRashiya, iRiphabhuliki yaseChina, iNorth America ithi - iU.SA, Canada kunye neBrazil.

Ukuze uwele umnqweno wase-Australia ukusuka empuma ukuya entshonalanga kwaye ukususela ngezantsi ukuya empuma ngemoto, kuya kuthatha malunga neveki. Emva koko, ubude belizwekazi liphantse kwiikhilomitha ezingama-4,5, kwaye ububanzi - buncinane ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezili-3. Inxalenye ephambili yelizwekazi yiTropic yaseMzantsi.

I-Australia yilizwe elithuthukisiwe kwezoqoqosho

Ingqwalaselo ephambili ifanele i-EGP yase-Australia. Iintlobo kunye neengxaki zokudela kwazo kwezinye iimeko zanamhlanje zichaphazela kakhulu zonke iindawo zobomi belizwe. Indawo esondeleyo ye-Australia ukuya kwamandla asezantsi e-Asia ne-Oceania kwiintlobo ezininzi ichaphazela ngokuqinisekileyo ukugcinwa kobudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nentsebenziswano yezoqoqosho kunye neli hlabathi kunye neenkokheli zehlabathi. Ilizwekazi lilungu elipheleleyo lemibutho yamanye amazwe anefuthe, kuquka i-UN, i-IMF nabanye.

Kodwa inyaniso yokuba ilizwe alinayo imida yomhlaba, iyithintelo ekuphunyezweni kweeprojekthi ezininzi zorhwebo kunye nokugcinwa kobudlelwane bezoqoqosho kunye namanye amagunya. Ukongezelela, kukho iindleko zokuthutha iimveliso ezivela e-Australia ukuba ilandele iindleko zezinto zokusebenza.

Kufuneka kuphawulwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba i-Australia ngokuqinisekileyo ayikho ilizwe eliphuhlisiwe, eli lizwe, ubuqoqosho balo bubonelela ubuninzi begunya lamanje ngokutshintshela koqoqosho lwemarike. Iimpawu ze-GNP zivumela ukuba zihlale ezikhundleni eziphambili kwizahlulo zehlabathi zabasebenzi. Ngethuba elifanayo, isebe eliphambili elikhethekileyo le-Austrian Union yinkampani yezolimo eziluhlaza.

Iimpawu zemozulu zelizwekazi kunye nembali emfutshane yokuhlala kwayo

Isimpawu se-EGP yase-Australia sivumela ukuba sihlaziye inzuzo yendawo yayo ngokumalunga namanye amazwe kwaye siqonde indlela indawo yelizwekazi ichaphazele ngayo ukusekwa kwempumelelo kwaye ikhokelela kumazwe amaninzi. "Izwekazi elihlaza" liye landa kwiindawo ezininzi zezulu. Ukuba sicinga ukulandelana kwazo ukusuka enyakatho ukuya kumzantsi, ngoko kuya kubonakala ngathi:

• I-Subequatorial (kwintsimi kwimimandla esemantla yelizwekazi).
• Indawo yaseTropical (ihlala inxalenye ephambili yelizwe).
• Iziqithi ezisezantsi (kwimimandla esemzantsi ye-Australia).
• I-Moderate (isiqithi saseTasmania).

Kwankulungwane yeXVII, iimpawu ze-EGP yase-Australia abanomdla wolwandle abanomdla. Ihlabathi lafunyanwa ngowe-1606 nguDutchman Willem Jansson, nangona abaninzi beembali-mlando bakholelwa ukuba umfumani welizwekazikazi nguJames Cook, owavakalisa ubukumkani baseNgilani ukuba ngumnini wamazwe ase-Australia. Ngethuba lokuqala iinqanawa zawo zanyuka kunxweme ngo-1770.

IPalamente yaseNgilani ayinanqikaza ukunika iindawo zelizwe kunye ne-Oceania. Umthetho malunga nokusekwa kwintsimi yawo yokuhlala kwamabanjwa ekugqibeleni wandisa ubunini bamaYurophu kumazwe asendle kude kube kutshanje.

Ngexesha elide ukususela ngo-1788 ukuya kwii-50 zee-XIX inkulungwane e-Australia zafika malunga nabantu abangama-340 amawaka, isiqingatha sazo sasibagwebi, kunye nabangaphandle bezabelo. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu belizwe baqulunqwa kwaye kwakhiwa isizwe sase-Anglo-Australia.

Isakhiwo sikaRhulumente kunye nesimo sezoqoqosho kunye neendawo ze-Australia

Iinkalo eziphambili ze-EGP yase-Australia zenze isahlulo solawulo lwezopolitiko. I-federal state apho iyingxenye ye-Commonwealth yaseBrithani enkulu kwaye iquka iinkalo ezintandathu, phakathi kwazo:

• ENtshona Koloni;
• South Australia;
• Victoria;
• Queensland;
• Tasmania;
• ENew South Wales.

Ngokusemthethweni, intloko yelizwekazi lase-Australia yi-Queen of Great Britain. Igosa-rhu lumente, owenza imisebenzi yakhe egameni lobukhosi, utyunjwe ngokunyanzelisa urhulumente wengingqi.

Ngomnyaka we-1931, iAustralia yafumana inkululeko epheleleyo kunye nolawulo. Bobabini kwimicimbi yasekhaya nakwizinto zelizwe kwibala lemhlaba jikelele, u-Australia uye wafumana ukuzimela ngokwaneleyo.

I-Oceania kwindawo yezoqoqosho kunye ne-Australia

I-Oceania ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kwi-EGP yase-Australia. Ngokufutshane, kunokuchazwa njengeyinkimbinkimbi yeziqithi zemvelaphi eyahlukeneyo. Inkulu kunye neyona nto iphakanyisiwe yiTasmania, kwaye iziqithi zaseAshmore neCartier azihlali. Ifumaneka kwiindawo zokuhlala ezitshatyalazi zase-tropical nase-equatorial, ukushisa komoya kule mimandla kuyahluka ngaphakathi kwe-23-30 ° C. Isixa esikhulu semvula kwiziqithi (ukuya kutsho kwi-15 000 mm ngonyaka) sinceda kwi-flora kunye nezilwanyana ezizityebi. Nangona kunjalo, umntu akakwazi ukuthetha okufanayo nge-Australia. Kubizwa ngokuba yilizwekazi elidakalayo lehlabathi lonke.

Amaminerali kwilizwekazi

Inxaxheba enkulu kwi-EGP yase-Australia idlalwa ngentshonalanga. Iindawo ezikwinqanaba elincinci elongezelela ngaphezu kwe-2.5 km ukusuka kunxweme lwamaLwandle aseNdiya ukuya kwiCandelo loLuntu oluSahlukileyo libhekwa njengelilungele ukuhlala kwaye alizange lisetyenziswe ngabantu ixesha elide. Ukushisa kwemoya ephakamileyo, malunga ne-35 ° С ngamanqaku anyaka-qho ngonyaka, kwaye ukuphela kokungabikho kwemvula kwakwenza umsebenzi wabo-ukuya kwi-middle karne-dlulileyo malunga ne-35% yelizwekazi lalingenalutho kwaye kwakucingelwa njengento engenamsebenzi.

Kodwa ama-deposits of minerals aguqule ngokutsha imeko. Ukusebenza ukukhupha izixhobo ezixabisekileyo ziqhubekayo nanamhla. Iifosti zegolide, amalahle, i-uranium, i-iron ore, i-manganese kunye nekhokelo vumela i-Australia ukuba "iqhube" ukuya kwiindawo eziphezulu zehlabathi ngokwemithombo yamaminerali. Namhlanje, iOstreliya ingomnye wabavelisi abakhulu kunye nabathengi bempahla yendalo.

Ekugqibeleni malunga ne-Australia

Ngoko, ngexesha elincinci ixesha elifutshane, ulawulo lwentlupheko lugqithisele indlela enzima kakhulu yophuhliso. I-EGP i-Australia yavumela uhulumeni ukuba ahambe kwi-colonial appendage yaseBrithani kwilizwe elizimeleyo elinomgangatho ophezulu wokuphila. Inendima enkulu kule nto yukungqukumbela kwabafuduki bevela kwingxenyeni yaseYurophu ngenxa yokuba yinto yabo eyona nto inomsebenzi wokukhulisa nokuphuhlisa urhulumente omtsha. Iingcali ezigqwesileyo ezifanelekileyo, kuquka nabameli bezakhono ezizisebenzayo, kunye neenjineli, zenze igalelo labo elixabisekileyo ekubunzeni i-Australian Union Union.

I-EGP yaseOstreliya, nangona ikwahlukana kwayo yonke indawo yehlabathi, ihlala ingcono kakhulu kubavelisi bokutya kunye nemveliso yezolimo ngekhulu leminyaka. Ngaphezu kwe-60% yazo zonke iimveliso zelizwe zithunyelwa ngaphandle. Ukuphuhliswa kweli lizwe nawo amacandelo okuveliswa kwemveliso yobisi, ishishini, ukuqhubela phambili nokuphuza.