Hepatitis: ngezigaba, iimpawu, unyango kunye neziphumo

Kwesibindi, kucalulo enikwa kweli nqaku, eli isihloko kushushu kakhulu amayeza mihla, njengoko sifo phakathi ngabavela ngokubanzi kakhulu. Ngokufuthi, esi sifo akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa kwaye kuphuhlisa angasebenzi. Kukho ingozi ephezulu yosulelo. Oku kusebenza kwifom ezosulelayo. Ukongeza, isifo ixesha elide elibaleka nako ukuze bandiqumbise utshintsho vuhlayiseki fibrotic kwi isibindi ababalulwa insufficiency hepatic, leyo akanakunyangwa ngokubanzi.

imihlobo kwesibindi

Yintoni hepatitis? Classification iquka ntlobo zilandelayo kwezifo: izifo ezosulelayo okanye uhlobo wentsholongwane egazini. Medicine abelwe Iintlobo zaso zantlanu basic A, B, C, D, E, esinokubangela isibindi komtshiso oko. Ukongeza, hepatitis inokuba ingxaki kwezifo yendalo ezasulelayo, ezifana cytomegalovirus, uqilikwane, rubella, kunye nabanye.

Yintoni hepatitis imvelaphi ityhefu? Olu didi kufuneka iquke ngezifo, ukuqulunqa phantsi kwempembelelo iziyobisi, utywala, ibinza. Phakathi amachiza ilifa ityhefu eliphezulu amachiza asetyenziswe unyango lwesifo sephepha, iziyobisi antiviral, sulfonamides, depressants antibiotics ngongoma, anti-ngequbuliso nokuhlutha kunye nangezilonda somhlaza. iintlobo komzimba sohlobo ezi lomthobo umyalezo yokungaqiniseki. Amajoni omzimba iqala ukuhlasela zaso isibindi sakhe. Kuxhomekeka lokuqhubeka sifo anesiko ukwahlula iintlobo ezimbini sifo:

1. Hepatitis ifomu oyingozi. Yena ibonakala ngesiquphe kwaye lubonakaliswa ukunxila, ifiva, senyongo ulusu, kodwa hayi kuzo zonke iimeko. Le meko ke hepatitis kakhulu wentsholongwane egazini kunye nohlobo ityhefu. Ukuba isigulana ngendlela ngexesha uqhagamshelane iingcali, emva ifom yayiyazi kwiimeko ezininzi akukho bachache ngokupheleleyo.
2. Ifomu ezigulo ezondeleyo. Kungaba ngenxa yokwenzakala ludlule, iinkqubo samathambo, isiphumo kotywala kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kwakunye kunyango ixesha elide arhente hepatotoxic. Ukongeza, viral hepatitis B no-C unako ukuqulunqa ngokukhawuleza njengoko sisifo yokuqala esingapheliyo. Kuba sisifo esingapheliyo luphawulwa iimpawu zingacimeka. Ngoko ke, uxilongo liza kakhulu emva kwexesha, xa isibindi ubunzima umonakalo omkhulu.

Imigudu main ukudluliselwa

intsholongwane ezosulelayo nje ifomu. Xa oku usuleleko ezidluliselwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• ngezandla ezimdaka;
• ngokusebenzisa izinto ezimdaka kunye nokutya.

Ngale ndlela uqhuba hepatitis A and E. Kwakhona, ukudluliswa kwenzeka ngokudibana negazi kunye nomntu owosulelekileyo. Kulo mba, ugrogriso yokuyiphatha manicure, iinzipho, ngumvambo, ukugqojozwa komzimba, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngenaliti, njalo njalo. D. Olu hlobo yokosulela sizalwa hepatitis viral B, C, D. transmission Isincwaso sokwandisa iintsholongwane B, C, D

symptomatology hepatitis

wenza njani hepatitis B? Iimpawu eziphambili zibandakanya:

• lobushushu emzimbeni siphakamileyo;
• intlungu ikota yesangqa ephezulu ngasekunene;
• nesikhumba senyongo namehlo;
• endleni enemibala;
• isikhumba silume;
• isicaphucaphu;
• umchamo mnyama;
• asthenia.

Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ezi mpawu azisoloko zibonakale. Kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo efihlakeleyo, kwaye waqonda ngumntu nje indisposition okungephi.

hepatitis A

Ukuba umntu ikhalazela imvakalelo mnandi, waba ubushushu bomzimba wande, umchamo iba mnyama (umbala uyafana asile eyomeleleyo), kunokwenzeka ukuba ukrokrela uphuhliso izifo ezifana ihepatitis A. Olu hlobo ifiva, ekhatshwa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi phecana zesisu Inokwenzeka, isicaphucaphu , ukugabha, ubunzima esiswini kunye hypochondria ekunene. Emva kwethutyana, omnyama umchamo, isikhumba kunye sclera zibe senyongo, endleni iba nto enemibala. Emva kokuba ukubonakala senyongo, imeko eqhelekileyo umntu luyaphucuka.

uhlobo B

Viral hepatitis B sisifo esosulelayo. bembonakalo yayo kuphakamisa ntsholongwane. Yena yandile yaye zingachaphazela nabani na. Hepatitis B intsholongwane kakhulu kuthwalwa ligazi. Ifom ezingapheliyo isifo kunokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu kwaye ikhokelele ekufeni. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isifo kwangethuba kunye nonyango lwesifo. Iimpawu sohlobo B zingenzeka kwi okuthatha veki-12. Le ntsholongwane, kukho bade izitofu ukuba ekwaziyo ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela nxamnye nophuhliso sifo.

Iimpawu zesi sifo

Ziintoni iimpawu sohlobo B? Ithuba kokulinganisa ukuba izifo ithatha ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Imiqondiso yokuqala ukuvela kwiveki 12. Izigulane ezikhala asthenia, ukudla, isicaphucaphu, ubunzima hypochondrium ekunene. Umchamo emnyama kunye amagwebu, endleni eqaqambisa. Kukho ndinentlungu kwamalunga, umsebenzi kakuhle zesisu. lobushushu emzimbeni inyuswe.

hepatitis C

Indlela eyingozi hepatitis C? Luyinto esosulelayo isifo kwesibindi nto ibangelwa yintsholongwane. Nabani zosuleleke ngayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo eyenzeka kwizigulane abaselula. izinga izehlo kuthechu ukwanda kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Hepatitis C intsholongwane usasazwa ugqithiselwa ngegazi. Ingaba kukho iimpawu ezicacileyo sohlobo C? Kwiimeko ezininzi sifo kuphuhliswa ngcembe lube ezingapheliyo. Ngelo xesha nye nazimpawu.

Yintoni izifo ezifana hepatitis C kunye neziphumo? Isifo uphazamise wokugaya kunye wesibindi, nibe ezigulo ezondeleyo. Ngoko ke, ngokuzenzekelayo, enyangekayo ngokugqibeleleyo kunye imithi mihla. Indlela eyingozi hepatitis C? Oku kunokubangela isibindi ukuqina. Ukongeza, ugonyo ekhoyo kwisifo nabangekafumani kwemoto, kodwa usulelo zinokuthintelwa.

njani olu hlobo izifo?

Ziintoni iimpawu sohlobo C? Ngokubanzi, esi sifo kuchazwa nazimpawu. Uyabonakala ngengozi. Kaninzi, izigulane ezikhala asthenia, kodwa zonakele uhlobo iimpawu. intlungu Abonakala kwamalunga. ukuziphawula wesibindi udakada ubukhulu. Yintoni nzima hepatitis C? Imiphumo kakhulu kakhulu. Enye bumandundu yi ukuqina. Xa kubonakala isikhumba senyongo kunye namehlo, nesisu kutyhobozela spider emithanjeni ebonakalayo, kwandisa nokudinwa.

Umahluko D

Esi sifo sibangelwa Umzimba causative ngu hepatitis D. akakwazi ukuphuhlisa emzimbeni kuphela. Ukuze wenze oku, oko kufuna uthatho-nxaxheba ekuthiwa-umncedi. Leyo kohlobo B virus ngokuncedisana iintsholongwane ezimbini kunokubangela izifo, leyo features flow enzima. Usulelo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukutofelwa igazi kwaye iisirinji iziyobisi. Asikabi ngendlela ngokwesondo, kwakunye ukunwenwa kwentsholongwane ukusuka kumama isiya kusana olungekazalwa. Zonke izigulane abachatshazelwa yintsholongwane B, abe susceptibility kwesibindi D.

iimpawu

wenza njani hepatitis D? Nomonde okukhathaza fever. intlungu okuphawulekayo esibindini, kwi amadolo kunye namanye amalungu amakhulu. Kukho izikhalazo asipholi. Xa abantu, akukho ukutya. Yena ecubhukile kunye baphola.

hepatitis E

Ngaphambili, ukubona oku uhlobo lwesifo asisiso iqela A okanye iqela B. indlela yokosulela - isigulane kwabantu gciwane. Le ntsholongwane ongena umzimba ngamanzi angcolile, ubuncinane - ngokusebenzisa ngezandla ezingahlanjwanga. Ill olu hlobo kwesibindi, abantu abaselula abaneminyaka eyi 15-29. Ingakumbi, le fomu isasazeke kumazwe kwimozulu ashushu kunye ukutya namanzi amahlwempu. Umhlahlo isifo kakuhle. Le Okungumahluko abafazi kwiinyanga ezintathu zokugqibela zokukhulelwa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Isifo esizibonakalisa amanyathelo. Ixesha eyandulela senyongo, luphawulwa ukudinwa, isiyezi, yehle onombilini. Ayifane ephawulwe isicaphucaphu nokugabha. Hepatitis E unakho ukubonisa ubunzima kwi hypochondrium phezulu ekunene okanye esisu. Iintlungu isenokuba qatha okanye bukhali. lobushushu emzimbeni uhlala ngaphakathi kwemida. Bafukanywe ihlala ezili-9.

Ziphawuleka ngakumbi ukungasebenzi kwesibindi, ephawula ekuqaleni kwesigaba icteric. Umchamo mnyama, Yenza cal. Nesikhumba sclera amehlo tyheli. Zalisa wegazi ibonisa ukwanda yibilirubin. Nomonde ibuhlungu isikhumba silume. Yokuswela amandla, isicaphucaphu igcinwe. Isibindi yaligqiba ubukhulu. Ixesha sifo kwiiveki 1-3.

hepatitis G

Olu hlobo esi sifo kwakuxhaphakile. ERashiya, amaza exciter ilingana-2%, xa ikomkhulu eRashiya, nto-8%. Njengokuba amagqirha cinga, hepatitis G lo umninawa sohlobo C. ezidluliselwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko yokugqibela - ngegazi. kwande izifo phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi. Not ngaphandle nangokusulela ngesondo sifo, kwakunye ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane ukusuka kumama isiya kusana olungekazalwa.

symptomatology

Isigulane ikhalazela ukuba ukungabi namdla, intlungu hypochondrium ekunene. Umchamo mnyama kwaye Yenza cal. Idla iphawulwe yi isicaphucaphu nokugabha. Uqala ukubonisa senyongo. umlomo Yellow namehlo. Isikhumba nayo inika yellowness. izinga Ukwanda yibilirubin egazini. Isibindi yaligqiba ubukhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, inkqubo efanayo lwenzeka kunye udakada. Isifo abe esingapheliyo. Xa kudityaniswe a hepatitis C Isifo engabangela uphuhliso ngokoma.

isifo Botkin kaThixo

Le yenye yeentlobo zamva kohlobo A. Ixesha bafukanywe le sifo enye kwiinyanga ezinesiqingatha. Umntu lula kalula lo sifo. Iimvelaphi emzimbeni wakhe intsholongwane ebangela isifo enyanzelekileyo. Le usuleleko yi-20% yabantu abadala. Isifo amaninzi sichaphazela abantu ekwindla. Ngeli xesha lonyaka uwa isiqingatha zonke izifo.

hepatitis sokuhlasela

Kwesibindi, nto leyo ibandakanya lucalulo iintlobo ezintlanu ezinkulu, kukho kwakhona i sokuhlasela. Sithetha ngayo ngokweenkcukacha. kohlobo komzimba - uhlobo phambili kwesibindi ukudumba. Esi sifo ebonakala ngamazinga aphezulu antibodies egazini kunye hypergammaglobulinemia. hepatitis periportal ukuba yintoni na unobangela ukufunda Histological kwesibindi kwithishyu. Lubonakala yi inyathelo okanye necrosis buso. Le kwesibindi of umyalezo ezingaziwayo. Sifo kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokubangela umhlaza wesibindi, lwegazi portal, ukusilela wesibindi kunye nokufa.

Ekubeni Iimpawu pathognomonic kuvandlakanywa ekwindla, xa kuqulunqo isifo ezinjengehepatitis samathambo, oko kuyimfuneko ngaphandle kohlobo egazini, isifo Wilson kaThixo, hemochromatosis, iziyobisi kunye hepatitis ezinxilisayo, indalo isibindi muscular non-ezinxilisayo imvelaphi omzimba esi sifo, ubukho kwesibindi biliary kunye primary cholangitis sclerosing .

Isifo angenzeka izigulane yobudala ahlukeneyo: ukusuka kwiinyanga 9 kunye nesiphelo iminyaka 77. Kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo olufunyanwa izigulane ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-40. hepatitis komzimba ukuba yintoni na unobangela ngokungachanekanga. Isinye esithathwini izigulane kufuneka izifo ezihamba. Phakathi kwabo thyroiditis i Hashimoto kaThixo, sisilonda sikabhobhosi, synovitis, thyrotoxicosis. Ngelishwa, uhlobo samathambo sohlobo banesifo ngo-25% yamatyala kumanqanaba kamva, xa sifo ukuqina.

Ulwahlulo kwezifo ICD

Njengoko imithi elahluleleneyo iintlobo izifo ezifana hepatitis? Classification ICD ithatha luhlu lulandelayo kunye ikhowudi yakho enemiqathango:

1. B15 - ifomu nokoyika ihepatitis A.
2. B16 - ifomu yayiyazi sohlobo B.
3. B17 - nezinye iintlobo ahlekise viral hepatitis indalo.
4. B18 - hepatitis wentsholongwane ifomu esinganyangekiyo.
5. B19 - hepatitis egazini imvelaphi ezingaziwayo.

Yiyiphi imiphumo kungabangela hepatitis?

Usulelo hepatitis lubandakanya okuthatha: ixesha ukususela ekuqaleni kwii kwentsholongwane egazini phambi kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukonakala kweeseli zesibindi. Ngeendlela kohlobo A, B, C ixesha eli thuba kuyohluka ukusuka kwiintsuku 10-20 ukuya 100-200, leyo igqitywe zizinto ezininzi.

Uphuhliso sohlobo lwenzeka kwisigaba oyingozi. Wabonakala kuqala sifo kunokuba kakhulu kwaye buqapheleke. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho umbane-fast zophuhliso ezinokukhokelela isigulana ekufeni. Kusenokwenzeka kwakhona kwenzeka, wabuya wachacha. Oku kwenzeka xa intsholongwane ishiya umzimba, kunye neeseli zesibindi babuyele eqhelekileyo.

Ziintoni iimpawu sohlobo? Indawo yoBuyiselo kwenzeka kuzo zonke iimeko, izitshanguba komzimba etsolo hepatitis A kwaye uninzi amatyala sohlobo B. Ukuba ayenzeki, ngoko ke uhlobo ezigulo ezondeleyo kuphuhliswa. Isizathu sokuba uhlobo nokoyika bawohloka ibe esingapheliyo, - buthathaka amajoni omzimba. Noko ke, inkcazelo zicacileyo abo baye kufika ukumimitheka, yaye ngubani ongenalo - kuba nzima kakhulu.

Le fom ezingapheliyo ikhula-20% amatyala usulelo hepatitis B virus, aze afumane ubuncinane inxalenye enkulu kwiimeko sohlobo C. Ukuze izifo eziyingozi kakhulu ubalisa ifomu fulminant. Inqabile kakhulu (1% amatyala sohlobo A okanye B). Oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Ngu neziphumo eziyingozi kohlobo B ngohlobo ziquka kwesibindi hepatic kunye nomhlaza (carcinoma hepatocellular). ingxaki ezifana kwesibindi, uphawule ngo-20% amatyala kohlobo B no C uhlobo egazini esi sifo ezivame ukubangela umhlaza waba nobangela zesibindi abohlukeneyo.

Umngcipheko yokufa phambi kohlobo yi 15- 50%. Isibindi ukuqina 50% ezigulane ndibandezelekile kunye nefom esingapheliyo kufa kwisithuba seminyaka emi-5. Esi sifo sesinye sezifo ezilishumi ephambili ukufa abantu inkunzi kumazwe asaphuhlayo.

Ngokuphathelele kunyango, ifomu etsolo ayifuni unyango kunye namayeza antiviral. Ngelo lixa kumiselwe chronic. unyango Ludityanisiwe iquka alawula kuzo interferon nomonde, leyo kwinqanaba iiseli ukuphucula umzimba ukulwa intsholongwane, kunye nucleosides ukuba endaweni molecule genetic material wentsholongwane egazini.

Ingaba kukho nayiphi na ugonyo esi sifo?

Ngalo mzuzu eRashiya, njengoko kwamanye amazwe Western, ngokuqhelekileyo eyaziwa uba inkqubo yothintelo nezifo. Ngamanye amazwi - ugonyo. Inika umzimba umzimba womntu kusuleleko nokuba wadibana umthombo usulelo. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba agonye nxamnye hepatitis B? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amachiza aye kujongwe uhlobo A. Ichiza unezinga eliphezulu ngobuchule.

Ugonyo nxamnye hepatitis A liboniswa abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abangazange ngaphambili ubunzima sesi sifo, kwaye phantse bonke abantu abaye baphawula izifo zesibindi ezahlukeneyo. Olu gonyo akuthethi ukuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwaye ayikho emngciphekweni. Olu gonyo ilawulwa kabini ngexesha lokuphumla leenyanga ezintandathu okanye unyaka. Omzimba kuvela emva kwedosi yokuqala malunga neentsuku ezili-14. Ngenxa kulo umntu ukhuselwe usuleleko ezifana kangangeminyaka eli-10.

Hepatitis B Ugonyo eziveliswa ubunjineli yemfuza. Iqulathe neprothini immunogenic. Oku kwenziwa Ukuchumisa intramuscular zeentsana izihlandlo ezithathu kubekho isithuba inyanga enye emva kokuba ugonyo lokuqala kwenziwa esibhedlele, kwaye iinyanga ezintlanu emva gonyo yesibini. Kule meko kukho izilwa ezithile zinqanda uphuhliso sifo 99%. Olu gonyo inika ukhuseleko oluthembekileyo iminyaka 8 nangaphezulu. Maxa wambi ukhusela umzimba ubomi.

Agonywa ngokuchasene Hepatitis B kufuneka kwenziwe amalungiselelo ngabantu bonke, ingakumbi abo basemngciphekweni. Umsebenzi wabo uhlobene ngegazi (oogqirha, oogqirha, amagcisa elebhu). Yokumilisela of iFomu A and B kucetyiswa ngugqirha. It is hhayi izicwangciso. Abantu abaninzi konke konke kuyilandulela. Nangona le sokugonya kubantwana ngokomyalelo Russian Ministry of Health iye inyanzelekile ukususela ngo-2002.

Ukususela C hepatitis, ngelishwa, eli yeza ayikenziwa yasungulwa. Izazinzulu ayikwazanga ukufumana iprotheyini ezinzileyo zentsholongwane, nenokuthi kuphuhliswa lwaze lomzimba. Izazinzulu abaninzi bafuna iindlela zokwenza isiyobisi, uphando enjalo kule ndawo. EYurophu, rhoqo ukwenza yolingo lwezonyango.

Ndisenako uhlolwe phi kohlobo?

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza phi ukuba unikele ngegazi kohlobo. Le zePCR kungenziwa nayiphi na iziko isixeko okanye kwinqanaba lesithili. Ukuba ukrokrela ubukho zezifo therapist ukhokela umntu elebhu. Ukufumanisa isifo, ngokuqhelekileyo abhenele uvavanyo lwegazi. Kwiintlobo wentsholongwane egazini izifo emiselwe hepatitis D iantigens okanye antibodies C. intsholongwane kwakhona imisela nezinye iintlobo omzimba abanesifo.

Kuba iifom ukuba umyalezo non-esosulelayo, uhlalutyo zeBhunga jikelele kunye kwemichiza igazi zesibindi iisampuli. Kwizigulane, olu hlalutyo ikhutshwa phandle simahla yaye wahlawula nkqubo MHI. Isiphumo na ugqirha wamnika ulwalathiso elebhu. Uthi isigulane.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo kwenziwa kwiikliniki zesithili okanye amaziko empilo apho isivumelwano ekufezeni zazo ezinjalo. Kwakhona, nemvavanyo zaselaborathri hepatitis B okanye C, ungenza Kwathi okufundela ezizodwa ezikhoyo kwizixeko ezikhulu. Abaqhele ukusebenza ngokusebenzisana ne-Centre ne-AIDS. Amaxesha amaninzi ubonisa ukuhlolwa wosulelo lwe-HIV. La maziko ukuphumeza uxilongo qho simahla gama.

Kuyenzeka ukuba uhlalutyo engxamisekileyo iyafuneka. Kulo mzekelo, uphando olwenziwa kwiilebhu leekliniki zabucala namaziko diagnostic. I-analyses zenziwa iintsuku 1-2, isiphelo kunikwa isigulane xa ngesandla. Xa kokufumana iziphumo ezidibanisayo xa uphando simahla ukucacisa Uxilongo kwenziwa secondary qho intlawulo. Kwakhona, ukuhamba iimvavanyo ubuninzi ezinokufundiswa. kwiiklinikhi zabucala nazo qinisekisa ukuchana, lithiwe pahaha nesantya uphando.

Njani na uhlalutyo?

Loo Uhlalutyo waba ukuchana eliphezulu, igazi buyasuswa emthanjeni. Le nkqubo yenziwa kusasa ungatyanga. Isidlo yokugqibela kufuneka ibe kweeyure ungadlulanga owe-8-10 ngaphambi kokuba igazi. Ebudeni bemini, kufuneka uyeke ukusetyenziswa ukutya okunamafutha, ukutya okuneziqholo, kunye iziselo ezinxilisayo. Uhlalutyo lwenziwa yi elabhoratri. Kulo mzekelo, uthobele yonke imithetho yezempilo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, 10 ml yegazi iyathathwa. ulwazi zicaciswe elebhu ukuba xa kuya kuba lula ukufumana impendulo.

isiphelo

Kwesibindi, kucalulo ethe thaca kweli nqaku, sisifo kwesibindi. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki baze babe ezingapheliyo ukuba unyango ngaphambi. Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokude kukhokelela ekufeni.