Gun "Dora" - isixhobo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II: Inkcazo

iminyaka emithathu ngaphambi kokuqhambuka Second World War, uHitler wayalela inkxalabo "Krupp" uphuhliso heavy-umsebenzi elide-uluhlu weapon ekwaziyo Ukubetha iinqaba eziphathekayo ukuya kwiimitha ezisixhenxe eshinyeneyo unyawo isikrweqe. Le projekthi wayenza nzima umsebenzi gun "Dora", ogama emva kokuba umfazi umyili wayo oyintloko UErich Mueller.

I iisampuli yokuqala lwemipu superheavy

Ngexesha i uMlawuli yeza necebo namabhongo, ishishini waseJamani sele onamava ekuveliseni kwanezilo zokudubula. Ekupheleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, eParis bavele ibhetri, eliquka imipu ezintathu super-enzima inkqubo 'ezinkulu ". Komboko zezi zezilo waba milimitha ezimakhulu mabini anesixhenxe ukuvuleka yaye wathumela Amaqokobhe zabo phezu kumgama ikhulu khilomitha, nto leyo ngaloo mihla yayigqalwa ingxelo.

Noko ke, ukubalwa umonakalo owenzeke kwikomkhulu French le ibhetri wabonisa ukuba impumelelo yayo yokwenene ayinamsebenzi. Xa ezizodwa uluhlu ende izixhobo ngendlela ephantsi kakhulu hit, nomlilo wabo abakwazanga izinto eziphathekayo, kodwa indawo enkulu kuphela.

Kuphela inxalenye encinane kweqokobhe yawa ngexesha elinye kwikhaya zokuhlala okanye ezinye izakhiwo. Le guns zaye elifakiweyo kumaqonga kaloliwe, umkhonze ngamnye kubo abantu babedinga ubuncinane asibhozo. Ukuqwalasela ngaphandle iindleko zabo eziphakamileyo, kubonakala ukuba iindleko zabo ephezulu kakhulu umonakalo ukuba bakwazi ukuba banikeze.

Shame on iSivumelwano Versailles

Emva kwemfazwe, iimeko iSivumelwano Versailles, phakathi kwezinye izithintelo, kuqaliswa eJamani umlomo nokuveliswa kwezixhobo, zizicatshulwa leyo ngaphezu milimitha alikhulu elinamanci mahlanu. Esi sesona sizathu sokuba iinkokheli Reich yesithathu ngumbandela udumo yayilahla inqaku kokugxeka esi sivumelwano, ukudala umpu ukuba ukuba ingothusa ihlabathi. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho "Dora" - isixhobo ukuziphindezela uschemlonnuyu likratshi yesizwe.

Ukudala zokudubula isilo

Umsebenzi ekudalweni projekthi kunye nokuveliswa eli rhamncwa wathabatha iminyaka emihlanu. kaloliwe gun Super-heavy 'Dora "ngenxa parameters zayo zobugcisa ngqondweni ophezulu kunye ingqondo. Nangona yokuba wakhululwa ubukhulu projectile elinamanci asibhozo elinesithathu eemilimitha labhabha kweekhilomitha amahlanu kuphela, wakwazi ukuba atyhudise iimitha ezisixhenxe ufakelo lwesamente, nezikrweqe imitha kunye earthwork tridtsatimetrovoy ubukhulu.

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa imipu

Ke aba, Kakade, ukusebenza eliphezulu uphelelwa intsingiselo yawo xa ucinga ukuba umpu ngomlilo ngqo ephantsi kakhulu kwakufuneka ngokwenene omkhulu ulondolozo kunye neendleko. Yaziwa, umzekelo, ukuba indawo ahlala gun kaloliwe "Dora" ayikho ngaphantsi kwe iikhilomitha ezine ezinesiqingatha. Sahlangulwa lonke ufakelo kwimimandla, kunye nebandla layo yayithatha iiveki ezintandathu, nto leyo efunekayo ezimbini crane ton-110.

Ukulwa ukubala ngezikrweqe liqulethe abantu ezimakhulu mahlanu, kodwa ngaphandle koko, ke abasekondiweyo ukuba zikugcine nomkhosi kunye nomkhosi yezothutho. Kuba lothutho emthethweni ababandakanyekayo oololiwe ezimbini omnye uloliwe namandla. Ngokubanzi, abasebenzi kuyimfuneko ukuze kugcinwe omnye umpu enjalo sisiqingatha abantu amawaka. Ukondla abantu abaninzi kangaka, kwakukho nkqu yokubhaka entsimini. Ukusuka konke oku kucacile ukuba "Dora" - isixhobo efuna ukuba ukusebenza iindleko zalo emangalisayo.

Lilinge lokuqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala umntwana wabo omtsha amaJamani azama ukusebenzisa kuyidlala nee-British ukuba kutshatyalaliswe zonke iinqaba, lwakhiwe ngu kubo Gibraltar. Kodwa xa kukho ingxaki zokuhamba nje emdeni Spain. Kwilizwe nangoku baxhalatyiswa imfazwe yamakhaya, akuzange kube yimfuneko ukuba buyo umntu onjalo emcela ndiyingwenya na iibhulorho kunye neendlela. Ukongeza, uzwilakhe Franco kuzo zonke iindlela ukuthintela oku, engafuni mzuzu ukuba uwarhuqe na ilizwe libe ingxabano zomkhosi Amanyeneyo Koloni.

Le imipu transfer edge ngasempumalanga

Ngenxa yezi meko, umpu enzima "Dora" wathunyelwa ngaphambili empumalanga. NgoFebruwari 1942, wafika eCrimea, apho abhalise kwi kulahlwe umkhosi, leyo wazama ukuba ahlasele Sebastopol. Apha,-813 mm zokungqinga gun "Dora" iye yasetyenziswa ukuze ukucinezela iibhetri eselunxwemeni eSoviet, baxhotyiswa ngemipu-305 mm.

Ngokugqithiseleyo abasebenzi ezininzi abakhonza ehleli apha eMpuma Front, kuyimfuneko ukuba andise amandla ezongezelelweyo wokhuseleko, kususela kwimihla yokuqala efika umpu lizwe kunye izibalo zalo bahlaselwa luqalile. Njengoko yaziwa, umpu lowo kaloliwe basemngciphekweni kakhulu kusehla emoyeni, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba ukusebenzisa i isahlulo anti-moya ezongezelelweyo yokugubungela lwemikhosi ngompu evela moya. Yena wancediswa Kwakhona himpodrazdelenie, umsebenzi ogama ukudala izikrini umsi.

Ukulungiswa ekulweni ukuqala ukudubula

Indawo ngokuba izixhobo ezikhethiweyo ngononophelo olukhulu. Ichonge ngexesha flyby loo mmandla ukusuka emoyeni umphathi ngokobuqu ambaxa imipu enzima General Tsukerort. Wakhetha enye ezintabeni, apho liqatywe ebanzi yenziwa ukuze kunqandwe izixhobo isikhundla. Ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokuqinileyo ulawulo technical "Krupp" ithunyelwe kummandla imisebenzi ziingcali yayo, abathatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa lwemipu.

Design features gun umphanda kuvunyelwa ukuba kuphela kwindawo nkqo, ngoko ukutshintsha indlela ukudutyulwa (tye) umpu "Dora" yabekwa kwiqonga okhethekileyo, nto leyo eyabangela kwi kumkhondo arc ngenqindi. Intshukumo yayo isetyenziswa ezimbini-diesel kaloliwe ezinamandla.

Works ukufakwa yofakelo zokudubula kunye nokulungiselela yayo yokudubula ziye zagqitywa ekuqaleni kukaJuni 1942. Ukuze kuphuculwe ifuthe yomlilo phezu iinqaba Sevastopol amaJamani kusetyenziswa, ngaphandle "uDora", iiyunithi ezimbini ngaphezulu self-ngokwaso "uKarl". Ukuvuleka umphanda yaba-60 cm. Baba nazo izixhobo ezinamandla nezonakalisayo.

Memoirs-nxaxheba zeziganeko

Kwakukho ngosuku ngawakhe olungalibalekiyo ka-Juni 5, 1942. Bethetha le zikaloliwe ezimbini ezinamandla ekhutshwa njani phezu kaloliwe ka pewa rhamncwa anobunzima 1350. Kufuneka ubeke phantsi isentimitha, leyo wenze izicima of machinists. Kuba shot yokuqala kokuxhuzulwa isabelo umpu obekwe projectile tons 7.

Xa umoya wavuka ibhaluni, umsebenzi abasebenza apho kwaqukwa hlengiso lomlilo. Xa amalungiselelo ziye zagqitywa, izixhobo zokubala lonke wabelwe kwi khusi, zibekwe kumgama ezilikhulu eziliqela leemitha. Ukusuka ezifanayo okuzibonela bazi ukuba bahlehla waba namandla kangangokuba yimiqolo apho eqongeni emi, waya ezweni ngeesentimitha ezintlanu.

umsebenzi Akunamsebenzi karate

mbali Military abavumelani kwinani kuqhume owenza gun isiJamani "Dora" e Sevastopol. Ngenxa ye data umyalelo yiSoviet, kwakukho mane anesibhozo. Oku ekwafanekisa le nezo zobugcisa wompu, leyo abakwazi ukumelana inani elikhulu kubo (kwaye ke ngoko kufuneka kuthathelwe indawo). imithombo German efanayo babanga ukuba umpu wenza rounds hayi ngaphantsi kwe asibhozo, emva koko, ngexesha moya lwesiqhelo ekuhlaseleni Soviet, wayengenako Uloliwe amandla.

umyalelo ngokubanzi Wehrmacht kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuvuma ukuba ezinkulu "Dora" umpu kaHitler babengahlali ukuya ekulindele. Kuzo zonke iindleko ezenziwe yi-ifuthe umlilo engephi. It bhalisa enye kuphela hit nempumelelo kwindawo iimbumbulu, sise kumgama ozikilometa ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe. Ezinye kweqokobhe multi-ton uwe uselessly, eshiya wentaba nzulu emhlabeni.

izakhiwo Uyalwa njengoko kungekho umonakalo hayi, njengoko babeza kutshatyalaliswa kuphela hits ngqo. Agcina bathi ngale umpu Army oyiNtloko Abasebenzi Wehrmacht, Colonel Jikelele Frantsa Galdera. Wathi ukuba umpu inkulu "Dora" - ukuba nje iqhekeza engenamsebenzi zobugcisa. Ukugweba ingcali zomkhosi kunzima ukuba wongeze into.

Ubushushu uMlawuli kunye nezicwangciso ezintsha

iziphumo enjalo kuyadumaza, eboniswe ekulweni weapon of "Dora", bamqumbisa uMlawuli. Wabeka le projekthi ulindelo eziphakamileyo. Ngokutsho izibalo bakhe, umpu, nangona iindleko ezigqithileyo ezinxulumene umenzi wayo, ukuba ukungena imveliso abaninzi, yaye ngaloo ndlela wenza utshintsho olukhulu esikalini imikhosi ngaphambili. Ukongeza, imveliso serial kwezixhobo yale ubukhulu kwafuneka ukuba angqine ngalo amathuba woshishino eJamani.

Emva ukungaphumeleli eCrimea "Krupp" abayili bazama ukuphucula indalo yakhe. Yayiza kuba iyunithi koombayimbayi ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo "Dora." Umpu bekufanele ukuba wenze sverhdalnoboynym esetyenziselwa kufuneka zibe phezu Western Front. ekwakhiweni kwayo wayecebe ukwenza iinguqu ezibalulekileyo ezikuvumela, ngokutsho ababhali, ukudubula i imijukujelwa yeqonga ezintathu. Kodwa nezicwangciso ezinjalo, ngethamsanqa, akuzange kwenzeke.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, ngaphandle umpu "Dora", amaJamani ngokusesikweni omnye super-enzima kunaso abanjalo asibhozo cm. Kuye igama imbeko intloko bumabumela "Krupp" Gustav Krupp von Bollène - ". Yangamafu Gustav" Le umpu, endiwazuze amanqaku yezigidi ezilishumi German, nayo Asinakusebenziseka ngokuba "Dora." Umpu ukuba phantse zonke iintsilelo ezifanayo ezininzi ixabiso elilinganiselweyo kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwemfazwe zombini ufakelo nophondo yi yiJamani.