I uhambo lokuqala nolwesibini Batu Rus

Xa kwimbali uhlanga zonke apho kuya kubakho amaxesha ukuchuma ophezulu kunye maxesha ukuhla. In Russia ukuba efanayo. Ukufikelela kweminyaka ngegolide, phantsi noVladimir Enkulu, Yaroslav i Osisilumko Vladimir Monomakh, eli lizwe zibandakanyeke yeemfazwe zembujiswano ngenxa etroneni Kiev. kwakukho iinkosana ezininzi kakhulu, kodwa iitrone kunjalo zazinqabile. Ukuba abantwana kunye nabazukulwana balwa bodwa, kunye nabazalwana babo kunye noomalume, kwaye urhulumente uya kulahlekelwa kuphela. Akumangalisi ke, iihambo Batu eRashiya, owawa kanye ngelo xesha, kwaba yimpumelelo kangangokuba. Kwakukho kuphela umanyano phakathi izilawuli, kodwa bafuna ukunceda abanye. Cities buthathaka: iindonga hayi kweli meko intle, imali kunqaba, kunye nobungcali amajoni-ekuliwa akwanelanga. Oko kwakufuneka emele amakhaya abo kunye ngabemi abaqhelekileyo, abo zange kwi ezandleni isixhobo, kunye nolwazi impi kunye namaqhinga ke abazange babe.

Ezinye izizathu ngokoyiswa Russia

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho ezinye izizathu ngokoyiswa Russia. Batu iihambo ukuya eRashiya zange iphunyezwe ngokuzenzekelayo, batsho bazilungela ngononophelo kwaye nengcamango. Ukususela kwimihla Genghis Khan, umphathi edume ye ezinzulwini Asia, Scouts wamxelela ukuba ubulawuli Russian le esisityebi kunene, ndiya kubathabatha kakhulu lula. Ngenxa kwesimo sisebenza lidla ingqalelo nephulo yaphela kunye Battle of the Kalka River. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba umkhosi Mongol-Tatar womelela kunene, yaye ingqeqesho zentsimbi kunye nokuthobela nawuphi na umyalelo umphathi negalelo kwimpumelelo. Ukongeza, capturing China, i-mkhosi baye zokulenza phambili ubugcisa zomkhosi nezixhobo lokungqinga, ekube unique ngelo xesha.

ehlasela Mongolian (short)

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kukho amaxesha amabini Mongol lokuhlasela baba. Iphulo lokuqala Batu eRashiya ngangosuku 1237 ngo 1238. Ngexesha hlokondiba wakhe woyisa Ryazan kunye Vladimir-Suzdal ubulawuli waya Novgorod, kodwa akazange ukufikelela kuye, wajika wabuyela. Ngaphambi koko babamba iVolga Bulgaria. Eli phulo yesibini Batu iRussia ingashwankathelwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: ngokuba ixesha iminyaka 1239-1240 wabathimba Kiev, uVladimir-Volyn ubulawuli waya eYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, i Mongol-AmaTatar ulindele kwi ekhawulezayo ngakumbi, kodwa uxhathiso unobungcwangu. Wehlile kakhulu amandla, Khan wayengakwazi ukuya wokugqibela kuLwandle Koloni njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ngoko wajika wabuyela.

Conquest of Northern Russia. ukuthatha Ryazan

Iphulo lokuqala Batu eRashiya waba ngathi ubethwe oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kakade ke, lo militiamen Russian wakhumbula ukuba zedabi Kalka, siyazi ukuba Mongols - a umdlali kuyingozi, kodwa wayenethemba lokuba singameyisa ukuba onobuganga eze kubo. ukufa Genghis Khan kaThixo watyhala ekuqaleni yephulo omkhulu wamajoni, kodwa oko kwenze ukuba sikwazi ukwandisa amandla. Sons umphathi woyisa North China, iVolga Bulgaria, ukujoyina i Polovtsian umkhosi (Kipchaks). NgoDisemba 1237 loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, ukuba awaphule iVolga, beza kufutshane kakhulu emdeni Ryazan ubulawuli. Batu lufuna kuloyiso irhafu, kodwa wafumana elibukhali impendulo. Ryazan wacela uncedo kwezinye iinkosana Russian, kodwa bengazifumananga kuyo. Emva kweentsuku ezintlanu zokungqinga komsindo eyinkunzi zehla, yaye zathathelwa yadilizwa emhlabeni. Bebonke isiphelo sinye wehlelwa ilizwe Ryazan.

Aveza Vladimir ukubusa. Battle of the Hlala River

Kodwa ke iphulo lika Batu Khan eRashiya waqhubeka. Impi waya phezu Vladimir ukubusa. Prince kaYuri Vsevolodovich wathumela squad ka Kolomna, apho wafela khona. Emva kokuwa Kolomna, eMoscow, ikomkhulu ka Vladimir. Ekuqaleni kuka-1238 ezishelifini nabaziirhuluneli zaye ekugqibeleni woyiswa Hlalani emlanjeni. Further ukumelana zobundlobongela ukuya Mongols wanika Torzhok nkobe iiveki ezimbini, kunye Kozelsk, abathatha emva nasekuxinweni yeeveki ezisixhenxe. Besoyika ukuba kungekudala uza kuqalisa zinyibilike kwikhephu, Khan wayalela ukuba babuye umva phambi kokuba afike iindonga Novgorod ikhulu kuphela neekhilomitha kude. Nangona, kufanele kuqatshelwe, abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba Novgorod izityebi bathenga bedinyazwa Mongols, ngoko elingathathwanga. Kwaye kukho kwinguqulo Batu Khan kunye Alexander Nevsky - omnye umntu omnye. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba isixeko Novgorod, ayizange balonakalise.

Nantoni na, kodwa kweli phulo lokuqala Batu Khan eRashiya yaphela. Hlokondiba lihambe liye ilizwe Polovtsian ikhotha amanxeba abo, babuthe amandla ngenxa yokuhlaselwa elitsha.

I Mongol ehlasela yesibini

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1239 yaqalisa iphulo Batu kwi zantsi eRashiya. NgoMatshi, i Mongols wathabatha Pereyaslavl, ngo-Oktobha - kwisixeko Chernihiv. Emva kwakhe, ngowe-1240 hlokondiba yangqinga eKiev, ikomkhulu Russia, ikomkhulu yayo. Ke Baty wafudukela West, nto leyo eye wathatha Compostela-Volyn ulawulo, yahlasela iPoland neHungary, waya kunxweme kuLwandle lweAdriatic. Mhlawumbi eli phulo yesibini Batu eRashiya oku akuyi kuba yaphela, kodwa kwafika iindaba ukufa Kagan. Ezinqwenela ukuthatha inxaxheba Kurultai, leyo kwafuneka akhethe inkokeli entsha ye Mongols, umzukulwana Genghis Khan bajika babuyela emathafeni. Qokelela amandla kwakhona ngenxa enkulu kangaka-isikali kwiphulo lomkhosi hlokondiba sele akuphumelelanga. Ngoko Europe uye wahlala zingabanjwanga, iRashiya iye ithathe ngesibetho esikhulu, yaye enxibe kakhulu utshaba.

ukuthatha Kiev

Batu baye Russia ayinakuchazwa ngokufutshane. isixeko ngasinye nixhathise kangangoko anako, kodwa amabutho ukungalingani. Encwadini yeembali ichaza ekwalile yobugorha Russian, alwela ukuhla yokugqibela igazi. Apha ukuba bathi ngayo malunga nokuthatha igolide-angqukuva eKiev yamandulo imithombo.

Ngelo xesha esi sixeko ekule Daniilu Galitskomu, kodwa isikhulu wayengekho kuwo. Warriors owawukhokelwa Voevoda nguDmitry. Njengesiqhelo, Batu lufuna kuloyiso irhafu, wathembisa ukuba ukuxolela bonke abavikeli, kodwa eKiev wala alwa umva aba bahlaseli. Ukusebenzisa zeegusha enamandla, i Mongols bangena esixekweni, ukutyhala abantu. abameli lwakutshanje bahlanganisana Detinets, ukwakha udonga entsha ukuziphendulela. Kodwa umgca sathathwa. abahlali Kiev oluqokelelwe kwiCawa nezishumi, nayo leyo ziwile, waba lengcwaba ukuba namaqhawe ahloniphekileyo. Ababuleweyo, okumenza irhuluneli ephila kwakhokelela Khan kunye Batu wamxolela ngenxa ubuqhawe bakhe. Le lubabalo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukususela kwimihla Mongols of Genghis Khan. Kamva, nguDmitry wathabatha inxaxheba nemikhankaso aweza eYurophu.

umkhankaso nemiphumela

Batu iihambo ukuya eRashiya, zombini eyokuqala neyesibini, bazisa kakhulu intlungu eli lizwe. SeLizwe zatshatyalaliswa, elinyukayo, abantu babulawa okanye ibiwe entolongweni. Sezixeko, ababalwayo 74, 49 ziye kutshatyalaliswa. Elinesine kuzo azikhange zikwazi ukukhangela phandle waza wabuyela ebomini. Ngexesha ayehlasela ulwazi, ke ngoko, wayeka walahlekelwa ukwakhiwa ilitye, imveliso zokubhala kunye iglasi window, cloisonne lwawo. Ibulala inani elikhulu abathetheli kunye nabaphetheyo olawulayo, vigilantes, ukwanda kweempembelelo amacandelo non-nelungelo yoluntu. In Russia waqala nokwehla kwezoqoqosho, nokuhla komgangatho, zenkcubeko nezopolitiko, eyathatha iminyaka emininzi.

Iimfihlelo yomlando

Kodwa ke kukho enye imboniselo wembali, omnye uvavanyo ezo ziganeko. Kakade ke, niye kwibhanya nto Russia Batu ezintle abazange beze. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le Mongols kwakubaluleke kakhulu njengoko zichazwe chroniclers. Kakade ke, ukuba oonyana ngexesha lakhe, waza ngenxa yoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba anilwele ukusinda ngeendlela ezifumanekayo kubo. Babekade inani zabahlaseli. Ukuba Baty kunye nezinye iinkosana yakhokelela elingenisa umkhosi, amahashe nje kubekho ukutya okwaneleyo ukuba. Mfihlelo kukuba kutheni kwiidolophu ezincinane (Kolomna, Torzhok Kozelsk) ikwazile ukugcina zokungqinga elide, ngeli ikomkhulu ubulawuli kunye neendonga zawo ezinkulu bathathwa kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Kwaye kutheni abasemathanga empumalanga kufuneka ezi iindawo zokuhlala ezincinci ukuba akukho ukubaluleka qhinga? Kwakutheni ukuze Mongols Ajika Novgorod, ukuqhama apho legends? Kutheni ukuya ESmolensk? Abasabayo? Ke zona zaba Akubuzwa! Kodwa le mibuzo azikho kude.