Gerta Oberhoyzer: amalinge, engobomi, iifoto

Gerta Oberhoyzer - enye kwetyala koogqirha ummangalelwa avelele '. kusehla igama lakhe Ndoyikelani abantu abaninzi, yaye zeendaba "ihonjiswe" umfanekiso wakhe kulo nyaka 46th. Xa ababephila kunjalo, akumangalisi ukuba ugqirha elula ukusuka kwiphondo nako ukuthatha inxaxheba amalinge owoyikekayo phezu kwabantu?

mthetho lwamaNazi nokukhuthaza ubungoyiki emva kweminyaka engama-70.

Gerta Oberhoyzer: biography

Gert wazalelwa Cologne ngo-1911. Abazali bakhe abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo. LeMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye neziphumo zayo for Germany zezi ntwala ngamandla kakhulu-mali Herta Oberheuser usapho. UTata engineer, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, xa ishishini kwimizi uboniswa kuphela, kwaba isithuba ophambili kakhulu. Kunjalo, imali uqeqesho Hertha wayengekho. Ngoko ke, kwakufuneka imali ngokwabo, edibanisa ukufunda umsebenzi. Ngowe-1937 waphumelela Medical University of Hertha e Dusseldorf. Idiploma ikuvumela ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi wakhe zenzululwazi. Emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kuthatha umsebenzi ngugqirha.

Abantu mathupha wayesazi Herta Oberheuser, Bathi e ikhosi yoqeqesho yaye sikwenza isicelo ngokuphindaphindiweyo iindlela zokuhlola izilwanyana.

afunda Gert ichaza indlela ezivaliweyo umntu unsociable. Enze nto ingaqhelekanga kukuba, waba encinane, umona, ndiphantsi. Njengokuba abantu abaninzi uhlobo efanayo lomlinganiswa, ngo-1937, engena yamaNazi Adolf Hitler.

Ukungena i NSDAP

Gerta Oberhoyzer ababhalise Party ngamaNazi iminyaka emi-2 phambi kokuba Second World War. Ngelo xesha, ukuthatha inxaxheba kule Party zamaNazi yaba kufuneka bonke abantu abafuna phambili amakhondo omsebenzi abo nangayiphi entsimini. Kodwa Hertha ke, kuyabonakala ukuba, nguye lwamaNazi eceleni. umsebenzi kwezopolitiko, yena akazange abonise. Okwangoku akukho bungqina iintetho zakhe kwiintlanganiso iqela okanye imisebenzi efanayo. Yena ukuhlala uluntu apho wavuma le imimiselo namasiko, kwafuneka ukuba alandele zonke "germanka yokwenene".

Emva kokuba umsebenzi emfutshane Hertha wabona isibhengezo ngenxa nokugaywa kwabasebenzi zonyango kwinkampu yoxinaniso yaseRavensbrück. Wafaka isicelo, kwaye ngo-1941 aya kusebenza.

kwinkampu yoxinaniso

Emva kokuba umsebenzi kwezinye imimandla baqalisa umlo yokuqala enzima ePoland. Wesithathu wafika kwimida eSoviet Union kunye ezilawulwa enkulu yeYurophu. Abavela kumazwe onke ebiweyo abantu balapha kunye namabanjwa emfazwe eJamani. Njengoko ixesha elide kwakungekho iindawo entolongweni (bagqibela xa amaNazi beza amandla kuphela), ngoko ke amabanjwa bathunyelwa kwiinkampu zoxinaniso. Enye yezi - i eRavensbrück, ebekwe phantse-100 yeekhilomitha ukusuka Berlin. Kwaba obhinqileyo. Ukongeza abafazi kulo kwakhona nokubakho, nabantwana babo.

Ekuqaleni ngemoto apha "ukuhleba uhlanga" amaJamani. Ukuqhambuka imfazwe enkampini laqalisa ukuzisa Roma babo amaYuda. Emva kokuba umsebenzi iPoland Yugoslavia, inani lamabanjwa liye lenyuka izihlandlo eziliqela. Ipesenti ezinkulu polkas. Kwakhona, abameli kwezizwe eSerbia kunye nezinye Slavic. Ngowe-1942 saqala apha ngokuthumela abathinjwa edabini ukuba abafazi eCrimea yiSoviet Red Army.

Amabanjwa nkampu sanyanzeleka ukuba kusebenza kwishishini. Ezi mveliso kakhulu nemiqhaphu, yaye kamva baye bathunyelwa ukuya kwimveliso emkhosini. Kwakhona, amabhinqa ebekumele ukuba ukwakha enqabeni yomkhosi kwinkampu kunye nokukhuselwa ekhaya. Ngomhla amabanjwa bafumana iziqwenga ezimbalwa isonka kunye neetapile okanye burachnye ukucoca. Ngenxa ukungondleki, kwakuba nzima ukuzala kwakhe, iimeko ezimbi lokuvalelwa, ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye kakubi ngo-1945 kule nkampu babulawa yaye 92 amawaka abafazi kunye nabantwana.

Ukuhlolwa abantu

Abaninzi kubo bafa ngenxa imifuniselo zonyango. Eyona njongo iphambili yezi experimenti kukufundela ukuziphatha omzimba womntu ngendlela ezahlukeneyo kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga ezinokuthi zivele ngexesha umlo. Utshisa, ukupholisa, amanxeba kunye nezinye iingozi. Kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, emehlweni inxaxheba Gerta Oberhoyzer. Amalinge lwenziwa kwiminyaka emininzi kwaye phantse sibe nokubulala.

Okokuqala ukhetho yamabanjwa, ngokutsho amaNazi kuthathwa ifanelekileyo ukuze nokuhlola. Ngoko bona, ezilinyaziweyo ngabom ngokuthi simulating walimala ngokulwa. Ngaphezu koko, ngokuqaphela lwaqhutywa. "Oogqirha" owabhala abasabela ngayo eziphilayo kwesi sifo. Uninzi iinkqubo zenziwa ngaphandle zomzimba. Xa unyango inyathelo amabanjwa alawulwa iziyobisi isampuli Esalingwayo ukuba ukuhlola ifuthe lazo.

usulelo

Ngokomzekelo, xa umzimba amabanjwa nkampu ayesenza izinto ezahlukeneyo ezifana metal umhlwa, umhlaba, imithi. Ngaphezu koko, kukho usuleleko, nto leyo ithathwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho ubungqina kubantu ezahlukahlukeneyo, Gerta Oberhoyzer eliyiyo kuphela amalinge ababandakanyeka ngqo, kodwa uyakuthanda umsebenzi wakhe. Waze wathabatha iimbopheleleko abanye oogqirha babengakwazi ukwenza loo msebenzi enkulu. abafazi abaninzi abaye phantsi imifuniselo baba polkas. Ngowe-1943, Oberhoyzer Gerta Gerbhardta wasiwa esibhedlele, apho wafika wasebenza de ekupheleni kwemfazwe.

ERavensbrück amabanjwa phantsi imifuniselo ekuweni ulawulo lwamaNazi. Ngowe-1945, i-Red Army wakhulula amabanjwa elidlulileyo. Abaninzi babo bathunyelwa yaseScandinavia kwinkqubo Red Cross.

WaseLondon Ulingo oogqirha

Gerta Oberhoyzer yathinjwa ekupheleni kwemfazwe baze bafakwe entolongweni. Ngo-1946 wathabatha phezu inkqubo eyaziwa ngoogqirha.

Kuye ngokubanzi ihlanganiswa kumajelo eendaba. Uluntu ebona izibakala ezoyikekayo kakubi kwabantu. Ebudeni beli tyala Hertha bathi yaba lifa. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko ukuziphendulela wasebenzisa izibakala ngokubulala "lokuhlola" njengesenzo ngokokuzithandela. Zonke iinkokheli "isebe lokuhlola" eRavensbrück wagwetywa ukufa.

Gerta Oberhoyzer wagwetywa iminyaka engama-20 entolongweni, kodwa kweza nge-10.

Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe, yena wayesebenza kwizibhedlele ezahlukeneyo. Kule nkqubo, owayesakuba ibanjwa yaseRavensbrück wafumanisa ukuba omnye woogqirha yi Gerta Oberhoyzer. A ifoto lwamaNazi wabonakala ndaba ezininzi zasekuhlaleni. ukukhala umphakathi lanyanzela urhulumente ukuba avale umsebenzi Germany Hertha amayeza. Herta Oberheuser wafa ngoJanuwari 24, 1978.