Iinkcukacha ezinomdla izilwanyana kokubhalwa kwembali. Dinosaurs kunye nezinye izilwanyana kokubhalwa kwembali

Kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ihlabathi ezahlukeneyo. Kuye kuhlala zizilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali, entle enkwantyisayo ngexesha elifanayo. Dinosaurs, ezizingelayo zaselwandle inkohlakalo, iintaka ezinkulu, mammoths kunye saber-unamazinyo amahlosi - baye kudala, kodwa ungacinywayo umdla kubo.

Abemi lokuqala planethi

Xa izinto zokuqala eziphilayo Emhlabeni? Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama emithathu enesiqingatha billion eyadlulayo kwakukho eziphilayo olunye-ezineseli.

Kwathatha abaninzi nje kwezigidi ezibini iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba bekukho eziphilayo multicellular. Bamalunga nama-635 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo Umhlaba kwakuhlala ezingenamqolo, kwaye ekuqaleni kwethuba Cambrian - lomqolo.

Iintsalela zindala eziphilayo ukuba sele kufunyenwe kude kangaka ziphantsi Late Neoproterozoic.

I Cambrian ubomi eyayikho kuphela elwandle. abameli Outstanding yezilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali belo xesha trilobites.

Ngenxa rhoqo ziyenzeka landslides kwamanzi inkitha eziphilayo bangcwatyelwa ngodaka wasinda ukusa kwixesha lethu. Ngenxa yoku, oosonzululwazi baye umfanekiso ngokwanelisayo epheleleyo isakhiwo yokuphila trilobites kunye nezinye izidalwa zamandulo elwandle.

Kweli xesha Devonian izilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali bethatha ukuphuhlisa zombini phezu komhlaba elwandle. Abemi zokuqala ezinemvula phezu komhlaba - mesothelae kunye centipedes. Ngeminyaka yee-Devonian wajoyina emanzini.

izinambuzane yamandulo

Ukubonakala kwixesha ekuqaleni Devonian, izinambuzane baye ngempumelelo. iintlobo ezininzi zithe zaduka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Abanye babo siswele wawumkhulu.

Meganeura - fanele ku izinambuzane sodidi strekozopodobnyh. Umda amaphiko ayo ukuya ngokweesentimitha 75. Yena utshaba.

izinambuzane yamandulo ziqondwa kakuhle. Kwaye oku kuye kwamnceda izazinzulu emthini tar eziqhelekileyo. Amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, wabaleka wehla komboko kwemithi waba kumgibe wokufa ngenxa izinambuzane bangalumkanga.

Bagciniwe ngokugqibeleleyo sarcophagi yayo yoqobo okubonakalayo namhlanje. Ngenxa Amber, nto leyo eye yaba intlaka iifosili, namhlanje nabani na Mhle nabemi bamandulo iplanethi yethu.

izilwanyana zasemanzini nezakudala - ayingozi

I Triassic baba izirhubuluzi yokuqala zaselwandle. Babengenako, ezifana neentlanzi, bahlala ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Kwakufuneka ukuba ioksijini, yaye ngamaxesha avuke ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle, ziyafana ilizwe Dinosaurs, kodwa hlukile imilenze - in abemi Guinea ezingenamaphiko iinyawo okwedada.

Okokuqala wabonakala nothosaurus, obabufikelela ingumlinganiselo kweemitha ezi-3 ukuya ku-6, yaye plakodusy, kwafuneka iintlobo ezintathu amazinyo. Plakodusy ayemancinane (2 meters) yaye wayehlala kufuphi nonxweme. ukutya eliyinhloko yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe. Nothosaurus wadla iintlanzi.

ixesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe - ubekelwe Anaki. Ngeli xesha, plesiosaurs waphila. I inkulu kweentlobo zabo ukufikelela ubude neemitha ezili-15. Ezi ziquka elasmosaurine, abe intamo ngokumangalisayo elide (8 yeemitha). Head, xa kuthelekiswa ngomzimba, yayimfutshane. Xa elasmosaurine nomlomo ebanzi, sixhobe yamazinyo abukhali.

Ichthyosaurs - ezirhubuluzayo ezinkulu, ukuya umlinganiselo 2-4 ubude - zazifana dolphins mihla. osemqoka yabo - namehlo amakhulu icebisa zasebusuku. Bona, ngokungafaniyo iidayinaso ukuba ulusu ngaphandle esikalini. Kuthathwa ukuba ichthyosaurs ziye zapheliswa iefa ezinzulu-elwandle.

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi amane eyadlulayo endandihlala basilosaurus - whale yamandulo ubukhulu. Ubude inkunzi ngamnye akwazi ukufikelela iimitha ezingama-21. Yaba umhlaseli inkulu ixesha layo yaye wakwazi ukuhlasela ezinye whales. Basilosaurus waba amathambo elide kakhulu yaye echukunyiswe esebenzisa yokugoba umnqonqo, njengenyoka. Kwafuneka emenza imilenze sekukubi ukuya iisentimitha 60 ubude.

nezilwanyana zaselwandle nezakudala baba zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kuvela kwiminyanya ookrebe mihla kunye neengwenya. Amarhamncwa ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle elwandle yehlabathi lamandulo kukho ukrebe giant Megalodon, nto leyo kufikelelwe 16-20 ubude. Esi sigebenga bumalunga 50 neetoni. Njengoko amathambo ukrebe ibandakanya intlala, kwasinda nto kodwa amazinyo yezilwanyana lwawo. Kuthathwa ukuba umgama phakathi imihlathi wavula Megalodon wafikelela kweemitha ezimbini. kalula anjengeli abantu ababini.

Akukho marhamncwa akanangozi kwakukho iingwenya kokubhalwa kwembali.

Purussaurus - isalamane extinct of alligators mihla awayengabemi malunga nezigidi ezisibhozo kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ubude - up ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15.

Deinosuchus - ingwenya uhlobo lwengwenya, owayephila ngexesha Cretaceous emva kwexesha. Ngaphandle hayi ngokungafaniyo abameli mihla lweentlobo. Ubude bomzimba kweemitha ezi-15.

Eyona elingcangcazelisayo; ezirhubuluzayo yamandulo

Dinosaurs kunye nezinye izilwanyana ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali etyhutyha enkulu kuqhubeka mangaza indoda mihla. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba iingxilimbela ezinjalo olawulwa ngayo umhlaba.

Ixesha Mesozoic - ixesha le Dinosaurs. Uya ekupheleni Triassic, baye baba uhlobo ibalulekileyo ebomini kwixesha സോഫ്റ്റ്വെയര് isoftwe, kwaye yanyamalala ngasekupheleni Cretaceous.

Ichaphazela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezi ezirhubuluzayo amandulo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho umhlaba namanzi akhokelela umntu ngamnye yokuphila flying iintlobo, izilwanyana ezitya izityalo kunye amarhamncwa. Ahluke ngobukhulu. Uninzi Dinosaurs baba omkhulu, kodwa ke malovane abambalwa kakhulu. Phakathi amarhamncwa ngobukhulu kubonisa Spinosaurus. ubude bomzimba wayo ngu-14 ukuya kwi-18 eemitha, ukuphakama - iziimitha ezisibhozo. imihlathi side kwaba ngathi iingwenya mihla. Ngoko ke, kulindeleke ukuba indlela yokuphila emanzini. Spinosaurus kwakuyinto lobukho yomqolo, efana iseyile. Enkosi kuye, kwakubonakala mde. Paleontologists bakholelwa ukuba iseyile basebenzise izilwanyana ukuze thermoregulation.

iintaka yamandulo

Izilwanyana ukuhlinza (iifoto inokubonwa kwinqaku) sele ingeniswe ezirhubuluzayo neentaka eziphaphazelayo.

Xa Mesozoic baba pterosaurs. Wavele, ukuba likhulu kwabo ornithocheirus, ababa amaphiko, ezidibanisa ukuya kwiimitha ezili-15. Wayehlala kwixesha Cretaceous, yaba utshaba kwaye akhethe ukuya kuzingela intlanzi enkulu. Pteranodon - esinye ezinkulu iphaphazela necilishe yokuphanga kwexesha Cretaceous.

Phakathi intaka kokubhalwa kwembali ubukhulu bayo betha gastornis. Ngamnye kweemitha ezimbini ubude waba umlomo wayo, nto leyo ngokulula uwaphule amathambo. Engazimisele ngokucacileyo ukuba kulo irhamncwa intaka extinct okanye buselwe wokutya kwezityalo.

Phorusrhacos - intaka edla inyama, owayehlala Miocene. Okuphakama kwawo 2.5 m. ukulusebenzisa kwaye enamandla neenzipho egosogoso elibukhali wamenza yingozi.

izilwanyana eziphilayo le Cenozoic era

Oko laqala kwiminyaka million 66 eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha, uMhlaba wabonakala kusithela amawaka iintlobo eziphilileyo. Zeziphi izilwanyana extinct kokubhalwa kwembali belo xesha kakhulu umdla?

Megatherium - esiyimamali inkulu ixesha, le ubuvila omkhulu. Kuthathwa ukuba esidla, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba Megatherium lalibulala udle nezinye izilwanyana okanye nenkqo.

lomkhombe ezinoboya - wayifulela nonwele obukhulu sayingqombela brown.

Zendlovu - sodidi edume extinct eendlovu. Izilwanyana waphila iminyaka kwezigidi ezibini eyadlulayo yaye kabini ibinkulu njengabameli mihla kweentlobo zabo. Safumana eninzi iintsalela mammoths, zigcinwe kubulelwe permafrost kakuhle kakhulu. Ngemilinganiselo zembali, ezi ngxilimbela iingangamsha bafa ngaphandle muva - malunga 10 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Ukususela izilwanyana ezingabahlaseli kokubhalwa kwembali i umdla kakhulu i Smilodon, okanye saber-unamazinyo ingwe. Ayizange igqithe ubukhulu ingwe yaseSiberia, kodwa i Amabamba kakhulu elide, nto leyo yafikelela cm-28. Enye inkalo ye Smilodon waba nomsila omfutshane.

Titanoboa - giant mbyoka extinct. Isihlobo n'wina Boa mihla. Ubude isilwanyana unako ukufikelela iimitha-13.

Documentaries ngezilwanyana kokubhalwa kwembali

Phakathi kwabo Sinokuchaza ezifana "Sea Rex: Journey Kwihlabathi Iglu", "Umhlaba mammoths," "Imihla Yokugqibela of the Dinosaurs", "Kronike Iglu," "Ukuhamba Dinosaurs". documentary films Good wadala ngobomi zezilwanyana, kakhulu kunene.

"I ballad of the Ale Enkulu" - ibali ngokumangalisayo Allosaurus

Le filimu yinxalenye thotho odumileyo "Ukuhamba With Dinosaurs". Yena othetha ngendlela yafunyanwa United States amathambo kakuhle abalondolozwa Allosaurus, elithole izazinzulu igama Big Al. Amathambo kunika umfanekiso wokuba kuziphuko zendalo kunye nokwenzakala ubunzima yedayinaso, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kutsha ngembali yobomi bakhe.

isiphelo

izilwanyana ukuhlinza (Dinosaurs, mammoths, amabhere umqolomba, iingxilimbela ulwandle), owayehlala ngaphambili elikude, yaye namhlanje kuchaphazela ezingqondweni zabantu. Bona - ubungqina obucacileyo ngendlela emangalisayo ngayo komhlaba.