Geography Political and Geopolitics

geography Political - luhlobo yejografi kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo, ngomda kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko. Njengoko kwicala lwenzululwazi ezimeleyo, kwavela kuthelekiswa kutshanje: kwi-19 - kwinkulungwane yama-20. umsunguli wayo ithathwa esiphambili German Fridriha Rattselya, owathi ngo-1897 wapapasha incwadi phantsi kwesihloko efanayo. ncwadi yakhe yagxekwa ngenxa yokuba wavakalisa kwisigqibo sokuba kuthinjwe siqinile kwaye ummelwane obuthathaka uyaqinisekiswa. Eyona kakubi yena watshutshiswa, xa wangenelwa imiqathango lwamaNazi Reich ukwenzela iinjongo ezithile. Kuyinto geopolitics kwi izimvo Ratzel kaThixo kwasekwa, nto leyo eSoviet Union wabonwa njengesixhobo ukuba ukoyisa nemimandla.

Njengoko kwikota, yaye yaziswa kuqala yi-nzulu Swedish R. Kjellén. ESoviet Union, ukuhanjiswa ingcamango neAfrika yaba phantsi kolawulo olungqongqo karhulumente, kuba le ndawo wokwazi nesele zange ziphuhliswe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ngcamango iphathwa njenge inzululwazi umahluko wengingqi nesenzeko zezopolitiko kunye neenkqubo.

Ngaloo ndlela, izifundo geography yezopolitiko:

1. Yenza imephu yehlabathi yezobupolitika nezemimandla.
2. utshintsho Territorial emideni zezopolitiko.
3. Ingakumbi isakhiwo karhulumente.
4. Yezopolitiko blocs, amaqela kunye namaqela.
5. Iinkampani zokuvota ngokwemiqathango kwizicwangciso zazo lomhlaba.

Zonke ezi ndidi izifundo ezingafundwa kuwo omabini amanqanaba zehlabathi basekuhlaleni.

umdla Wide kubaphandi na uvavanyo indawo neAfrika of ithi ngamnye, okt, ezicacileyo yezikhundla zabo ngokunxulumene namahlakani kunye nabamelwane. geography yopolitiko kuyaphela ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuba kuthathwa kudidi zembali.

Qaphela ukuba esi sifundo sineenkalo ezininzi eziphambili:

1. Geopolitics, leyo ilawula inkqubo lwehlabathi.
2. gosudarstvovedenie Geographical.
3. nenzululwazi kwezopolitiko Regional.
4. izigwili Regional.

geography ezopolitiko kunye geopolitics njengoko yinto isakhi sisoloko phantsi ziyapicothwa liQela abaphandi abaye benza ekuhlalutyeni basekhaya nkqubo angaphandle. Into yokuba geopolitics yelizwe ichaza umgca yokuziphatha ngokunxulumene imida karhulumente. Ixilonga intsebenziswano eli lizwe kunye nabanye amagunya, ingakumbi, kunye nabamelwane balo.

Xa siqwalasela ixesha yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi kunye ithuba 'imfazwe ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita ", zonke ezi ngongoma kweli cala wafuna ekuhlalutyeni ngezizathu ukoyisa indawo, ukusekwa iziseko zomkhosi kunye nomsebenzi, kwakunye yamajoni kunye norhulumente yokungenelela kwifowuni kwamanye amazwe. Ngandlel 'ithile, geopolitics mihla unalo kugxininiswa efanayo, kodwa Okukodwa wayo kukuba ingqalelo engakumbi sele ihlawulwe nemigaqo nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.

geography yezopolitiko ngoku ngokubonakalayo kuphuhliso njenge inzululwazi. Ngokukodwa, xa siqwalasela iimpawu zayo neAfrika, ukubonakala kwazo ehlabathini namhlanje jikelele. Xa i eSoviet Union iwa, kwakukho ukutshatyalaliswa eseleyo ekhoyo. Qala kulawula inkqubo trend-setting ngoncedo bomkhosi wamajoni, kwaye ngokoluvo zoluntu lwehlabathi kunye umzimba wayo yesigqeba - yeZizwe eziManyeneyo - akujongwa. Ukuphendula ezi zenzo kuvela intshukumo anti-jikelele, leyo ngokukhawuleza abe ndlongondlongo.

Okwangoku, kwendawo yezopolitiko yokuzenzela kunye nezentlalo. Noko ke, lo msebenzi ubandakanya ukubonakala yolwaphulo imibutho, ebaxiweyo, ukulwela amalungelo kunye nonqulo. Kwakhona kushishino umdla kakhulu ngokwemiqathango isahlakalo yemvelo iJografi kunye nenkcubeko kwicandelo lenkonzo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imaphu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi zibonisa ngokupheleleyo ixesha kunye iinguqu ezenzeka kuyo. Nakuba kunjalo, utshintsho inkulu ukuba unenzondelelo ngayo kwinkulungwane yama-20, njengoko abaphandi uqaphele.