Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukulwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso? Yintoni emali ngolwimi olulula

Osoqoqosho kakuhle ibinzana elithi "kwamaxabiso" ukwanda okuthe ngcembe zizonke kwinqanaba kwamaxabiso zokuthengwa kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Oku kukhokelela ekuncipheni ngamandla yokuthenga kwabathengi. Kodwa ke umbuzo wokuba ingaba kuyimfuneko ukulwa kwamaxabiso, akanako ukunika impendulo ucaphula ezicacileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ipesenti ethile ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kukuba nokuba luncedo kuqoqosho, kuba likuvumela ukuba "uqhube" kuyo. Kule nezinye izinto ezininzi esiza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

ngokufutshane

Ukuba sithethe ngento kwamaxabiso, ngendlela elula, kuyimfuneko ukubhekisela kusityela izinto zonke kuthi - imali. Kwenzeka ntoni kubo ngelixa sisenyusa inqanaba iyonke amaxabiso? Masithi ke umvuzo of $ 100. Phambi kwamaxabiso, nyanga zonke sinako kusithenga lonke iseti amancinane iimveliso. Okanye makhe sikhangele omnye umzekelo. Makhe ipasela ukuhlafuna itshungama ngo-2016 ixabisa omnye US dollar. Ukuba ngonyaka kwamaxabiso yi-2%, kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 1.02 seerandi sele ngo-2017 kuye. US. Ngenxa yoko, le meko ikhokelela ekubeni uphelelo yunithi wemali kweli lizwe.

iintlobo

Ngomhla umbuzo wokuba yintoni kwamaxabiso na, uphendule ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: yinto lenyukile kwinqanaba lamaxabiso jikelele. Noko ke, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba iinkcukacha-manani ngalo isalathisi yinto ngokubanzi yaye abayi kuba zonke iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukulwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso? Ngaphambi kokuba siphendule lo mbuzo, simele siqonde yintoni eyabangela oko. Ukwahlula ezi ndidi zilandelayo emali:

• Deflation. Lo mkhwa kuqoqosho, nto ichazwa ngendlela ukuwa jikelele kwamaxabiso.
• Emali. Oku kwanda ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwamaxabiso. Kungase kukhokelela ekuweni kwinkqubo yesizwe zemali. Omnye umzekelo ezaziwayo emali ezinxulumene eJamani ngowe-1923. Ke amaxabiso bavuka nge 2500% kule nyanga iphelileyo.
• Nangqesho. Kuyinto indibanisela ngqesho ephezulu, nangenxa yokudodobala ekuveliseni kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Nangqesho waba uphawu amazwe ahambele phambili kwi-1970, xa amaxabiso oyile wavuka.

Yintoni na isizathu ukuphakamisa umgangatho iyonke amaxabiso?

Oonobangela kunye neziphumo ze emali ezi ndaba mpikiswano phakathi kwezikolo noqoqosho ezahlukeneyo iminyaka emininzi. Noko ke, nangoku abazange afikelele kwisivumelwano. Noko ke, ithiyori lungohlulwa lube yimisinga ezimbini:

• Bafuna emali. Elidityaniswe nesibakala sokuba iimpahla kancinane, yaye imali eninzi ejikeleza. Ingaba kufuneka ukujongana olu hlobo kwamaxabiso? Indlela ukukwenza oko? Indlela engundoqo apho kuya kubakho ukunyuka kwesantya senzala. Oku kuya kunciphisa imali ejikeleza. kwamaxabiso Imfuno kudla uphawu uqoqosho olukhulayo.
• inikeza emali. Elidityaniswe nesibakala sokuba abavelisi yokwanda kweendleko. Kulo mba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukukhulisa amaxabiso ukwenzela ukugcina izinga inzuzo yeshishini. Iindleko ziquka imali kuphela kwimithombo yemveliso. inikeza emali esinxulunyaniswa ne ukwanda iirhafu okanye imivuzo.

imiphumela

Ukuba ucela engumshumayeli ngalo mbandela, phantse wonke umntu uya kuphendula kwamanani - oku ngokuqinisekileyo into embi, nto leyo yenza wallets isidima umgangatho wokuphila. Kodwa enyanisweni, kuchaphazela abemi ezahlukeneyo ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo, ulindele okanye hayi. Ngaba kufuneka ukulwa ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, ukuba zonke ezikuwo, salungiselela njalo? Usukelo Balungisa sokwanda kwamanani. Oku kungenxa yokuba iibhanki basenethuba lokuguquka inzala, yaye abantu bafumane umsebenzi ohlawulayo ngcono okanye ukuxoxa abasemagunyeni ahlawule ukwanda. kuvela iingxaki ezinkulu xa kwamaxabiso na engalindelekanga;

• Ababolekisi ulahlekelwa yimali, kunye kubaboleki vuyeriwa. Ukuba emali phezulu ngokwaneleyo, ngoko ukuze abuyekeze kakuhle ukuba inzala ekufuneka zihlawulwe yokugqibela.
• ukungaqiniseki elizayo uphika iinkampani ukugcina utyalo kuphuhliso. Izisa nelahleko ebonakalayo loshishino kunye noqoqosho yonke yesizwe ekuhambeni kwexesha.
• Abantu abanengeniso esingatshintshiyo, ezifana umhlala, agagana ziyonakala imigangatho abaphila ezinxulumene ne nokwehla kwemali.
• Ukuba emali kweli lizwe ngaphezu kwezinye, ukuba ziveliswe impahla zisebenze kangako kwimarike yehlabathi.

Abantu badla akhalaze ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kodwa nyaniso kuba yingxaki ngayo. Ukuba imivuzo Ekwandeni ngezinga elifanayo okanye ngokukhawuleza, ngoko yonke into kakuhle. Akukho mfuneko ucinge indlela yokujamelana kwamaxabiso, ukuba inqanaba 2-3%. Oku kubonisa ukuba uqoqosho lukhula. Ukuba kwamaxabiso wayengekho ngenene, bekuya kuba sisalathisi yempilo iimeko zemarike.

uqikelelo lwamanani

Ngoku ukuba siye sathetha ngoko kwamaxabiso, ngendlela elula, makhe sibone ukuba ulinganiswa ngayo. uvavanyo statistical isenzeko kusengowona mcelimngeni. Iingxabano badla yodwa ukuba iimpahla kunye neenkonzo zithathelwa ingqalelo ingqokelela. Emva kokuba izigqibo "ingobozi" kwamaxabiso lulinganiselwa ngokusekelwe ixabiso layo kulo nyaka umiyo kuthelekiswa ukuba ihlale ihleli. Ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo amabini e-United States:

• Isalathisi kwamaxabiso abathengi. Yena Uqikelela emali ukusuka kwindawo othengayo awujonga ngayo. Ummeli echazwe apha ziquka ukutya, impahla, ipetroli, iimoto.
• Isalathisi amaxabiso umvelisi. Yena Uqikelela emali ngokwembono ishishini. Esi salathisi uthathela utshintsho ingqalelo kunamaxabiso entengiso kweempahla kunye neenkonzo eziveliswe kweli lizwe.

Rosstat: emali

NgoNovemba amaxabiso 2016 eRashiya kuthelekiswa rose 5.8% kunyaka ophelileyo. Oku ngaphantsi kunoko bekulindelwe. Esi salathisi Uhlaziya Rosstat. Ukunyuka ngokuba amaqela ahlukeneyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukutya. Izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso - 5%.
• Isithuthi - 5.4%.
• Clothing kunye nezihlangu - 7.6%.
• Zolonwabo kunye nenkcubeko - 6%.
• Ifenitshala kunye nendlu zombane - 5.6%.
• iziselo ezinxilisayo icuba - 8.7%.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-Oktobha, ngoNovemba, amaxabiso kunyuke nge-0.4%. Ngokungqinelana nenqanaba emali eRashiya waba 133,5% kwisithuba ukususela ngowe-1991 ukuya 2016. Izinga eliphezulu sabhalwa ngoDisemba 1992. Ke yena 2333,3%. The uphantsi - ngo-Apreli 2012. Ngeli xesha, izinga lokukhula kwamaxabiso eRashiya yaba% 3.6 kuphela.

Control nemigomo

Kukho iindlela ezininzi apho urhulumente uyasokola kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso. Baya lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela ezininzi:

• Iindlela mgaqo-lawulo mali karhulumente.
• Ukusekwa ngeranti elimisiweyo.
• standard Gold.
• ulawulo ngqo umvuzo kunye namaxabiso.
• Yokundlondlobalisa ukukhula kwezoqoqosho.
• Ukunikwa izibonelelo kunye noncedo ziqwempu lemivuzo ephantsi labemi.

Funda ngaphezulu malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo

Enye yezona ndlela yokulwa kwamaxabiso kukuba izinga lotshintshiselwano olubophelelayo lwemali kazwelonke ukuya kwenye, nto leyo uzinzile ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhokelela kukuba kwinqanaba lamaxabiso kwelinye ilizwe iba ixhomekeke kwi imeko kwenye Ilungu State. Ukongeza, kulo mzekelo, ibhanki engundoqo kwaye urhulumente akakwazi ukusebenzisa umgaqo wolawulo-mali ukulawula kwamaxabiso.

Le ndlela iye yasetyenziswa kakhulu kwixesha kwenkqubo eBretton Woods. Ke kwemali yamazwe ezininzi ibiqhotyoshelwe dollar. Emva 1970 urhulumente waya ezidadayo izinga lotshintshiselwano. Le meko ifana ne kolawulo kwamaxabiso lwenzeka xa yelizwe zesizwe ezinxulumene ngegolide.

Enye indlela yokulwa amaxabiso ukunyuka na ummiselo umvuzo kunye amaxabiso. Lisetyenziswa ngexesha lemfazwe. ulawulo Direct uphawu uqoqosho ezicwangcisiweyo. Xa iimeko zemarike ulawulo esilevini kumaqela ezibalulekileyo zemveliso inokuba okwexeshana kuphela. Nawuphi na uRhulumente ezama ukwakha ukukhula koqoqosho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko lityale kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zemveliso, izibonelelo, ezempilo kunye nemfundo. Ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho bahambelana ekwandeni Isibonelelo semali ejikeleza ngaphandle kweBhanki, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso asivelanga. Ngelo xesha xa urhulumente akusekho nayiphi na enye indlela, uqala ukuxhasa abemi ephantsi-mali.

Monetary-nkqubo karhulumente

Iindlela yale udidi zisetyenziswa ngoorhulumente kunye iiBhanki ezingoovimba rhoqo. Ukoyisa emali ukwanda kwenzala, ubonelelo ngemali kunciphisa. iibhanki Central zama ukugcina ukwanda kwinqanaba ixabiso jikelele kwi uluhlu 2-3%. Kukholelwa ukuba deflation kuphazamisa kuqoqosho. kwenzala Higher ukunciphisa isixa semali ejikeleza. Oku kukhokelela ukuhla kwamaxabiso. Le ndlela monetarists. Keynesians akholelwa ukuncitshiswa kwemfuno othunyelweyo nge-nkqubo yezemali, oko kukuthi, ukunyusa irhafu kunye nokuncitshiswa-mali karhulumente.