Yintoni Streletsky ukuze?

Streletsky oda - elinye lamaziko okhokelayo kwintsimi ubulawuli Vladimir-Suzdal apho kamva Wakhula wonke umbuso Russian. Emva kokuba kuthinjwe zamazwe kumntla-mpuma abaphathi bendawo Golden hlokondiba lwaqhutywa ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano lwemizimba ezizodwa zolawulo - odaka, apho kamva wakhula yolawulo "ofisi" ngokupheleleyo - odolo. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba mihla ngenxa ngexesha layo, isakhiwo ulawulo lwangaphakathi yadalwa ebukumkanini Ivana Groznogo.

iinguqu yangaphakathi Streletsky ukuze

Unyaka isiseko kwiziko elitsha - th 1571. Imfuneko ukwenza arhente semi-nakwezizimeleyo musketeer ulawulo kunye namaqonga Cossack sele utsha ixesha elide. Ukwandiswa ubukumkani eMoscow ifuna ulawulo bhetyebhetye ngaphezulu kumaqela zangaphakathi axhobileyo. indlu endala Fletcher kaThixo ayikwazanga ukuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo kolawulo Strelets bengamabutho ngamabutho, koko, abanye babo ilawulwe izinduna yasekuhlaleni. iinguqu ezintsha bahlela ngokupheleleyo imikhosi yangaphakathi ye impangele, subordinated ngqo ngamandla kwezikumkani ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo ezisesikweni iiyunithi ezintsha zolawulo - odolo.

Imisebenzi odolo Archer

Injongo yokuqala kwendalo kulo mzimba yayikukubonelela ukutya kunye nemali iintlawulo of Representatives Strelets amajoni. Imisebenzi odolo Archer wehla ukuba zikugcine umsebenzi, kwimijikelo ezitratweni, wonogada siphelekwe impahla exabisekileyo. Ukongeza, abatoli wenza njengoko mlilo mihla kunye ... scavengers.

Inyaniso kukuba kwinkulungwane XVI, eMoscow akazange eyahlukileyo kwezinye iidolophu ephakathi. Le udaka yaba ihlupha Muscovites. Ukucocwa street lwaqhutywa phambi kokuba elimisiweyo siganeko, ezifana kokungena loonozakuzaku angaphandle okanye ashiye usapho yobukumkani maxe- ezininzi ibekwe kwi namadlelo. Ezi meko zinje yaba obangwe, ngoko ukhupha umyalelo isohlwayo esiqatha sele umiselwe abo iphoswe nenkqo esitratweni, okanye licocwe indawo ephambi amasango abo. Nangona amanyathelo kunokuba ngqwabalala, imigwaqo icocwe okudodobalisa kwaye kabuhlungu, iibhulorho zalungiswa ngexesha engalunganga. Uxanduva ucoceko kwezitalato umzi neTumim namapolisa engingqi. Nakuba kunjalo, amapolisa of amancinci kakhulu kwaye akukho nkxaso lokwenene. Phambi kokubhiyozela yemibhiyozo imikhosi zamapolisa yaqinisa imikhosi bamaxhoba kunye Cossacks, okuthumileyo Streletsky umyalelo. umsebenzi wabo ukuze esweni umsebenzi sweepers, scavengers, ndibohlwaye abo bangazange ongazanelisiyo imimiselo bokumkani ezitratweni ecocekileyo. Ekuqaleni, abatoli zaye baqeshwe kuphela kwikota entwasahlobo lonyaka omnye, kodwa kungekudala olu hlobo nkonzo ungandiswa ngokuzenzekelayo, yaye abatoli njengonogada okanye amapolisa unako ukukhonza abasemagunyeni isixeko eminyaka.

Amagunya uyala Strelets '

Zonke izinto eziphathekayo ukuze kulahlwe odolo Archer bevela kwamanye amasebe ukuba liliso nokuqokelelwa kwerhafu evela irhafu zabemi kunye nabalimi chernososhennogo. Ukusasazwa imali kunye nembuyekezo zendalo lwenziwa phantsi kweliso intloko komyalelo, leyo ngokobuqu inoxanduva kukumkani-ntle yabantu servicemen. Streletsky ukuze yokulawula mazwe ezazabelwe "ukondla yakhe 'amagosa ekwenzeke kuzo ilitye le musketeer, kwakunye nezo imimandla apho kwakukho kwicala Royal.

It Strelets umyalelo owayephethe isitendi iiyunithi wabumba amavolontiya kwithuba yokulahla ingozi yokwenene. Ezi meko zinje waze 1613, xa amanye amagunya batshintshelwa umyalelo elisandula kusekwa le Cossack Cossack kwecala on ulawulo. Kungekudala Streletsky ukuze waba igunya yinxalenye amapolisa - kunye nemisebenzi yophando kunye nemibuzo. Oku kwanda efunekayo ukwanda bureaucracy, yaye ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII inani Ngoomabhalana ababekhonza Střelecký ukuze, phantse kabini.

Iinkokheli-odolo

Xa intloko zamaziko amatsha baba ngabagwebi izinduna, apho kwakukho abancedisi eziliqela. Ngexesha ngokutsha yolawulo ooronta endala Streletskoye wakhokela oomabhalane Grigoriy Grigorevich Kolychev (1571-1572), Vasily Yakovlevich Shchelkalov (1573) kunye Luka (Rudak) Tolmachev (1578-1580). Le yokuqala abantu ezaziwayo waba yintloko odolo Archer I. Godunov, ngubani wabubhekisa isebe de 1593.

ukwehla

Kwinkulungwane XVII Streletsky ukuze iye yandiswa kakhulu amandla akhe waza waba ngomnye lamaziko nempembelelo impangele. Ekupheleni kuka 1629 ngo nokungeniswa kwayo anikezelwe zokuhlala Izikrweqe - elinye lamaziko zokuqala iingalo elizayo Russian.

Ngowe-1672, inani abatoli kunye Cossacks anda kakhulu kangangokuba kwafuneka ukwenza amasebe ezimbini ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela ubonelelo lwabo ngokupheleleyo - musketeers yokuqokelela umyalelo isonka kunye nemiyalelo ukufumana Strelets isonka. Abemi Pomerania imali kwifayile. isonka ndawonye waziswa eMoscow ezintendelezweni Zhitnyaya ethile, ibekwe ngaphakathi umgama ukuhamba ukusuka ukulungela ukusebenza kunye Myasnitskaya nesango ungqameko. Reception kunye nokunikezelwa lwezabelo isonka bekukho abaphethe ababhali kunye nonobhala ngokukhethwa abatoli imbalo regiments ombaxa.

ezama zokulungisa

Ngo-1676 kwakukho iinzame zokwandisa umyalelo Streletsky kudluliselwe kuye ibe regiments yokungeniswa eMoscow imbalo amajoni ', kodwa 1680 sajikwa eso sigqibo. Ngelo xesha yokwenza imiyalelo Archer zaye sirhoxisiwe amapolisa abatoli, kwaye ngoku imiyalelo silawulwa strelets kuphela ikampu.

Ukupheliswa komyalelo Archer

Ukuphelisa Strelets amajoni kwenzeka kwiminyaka yokuqala wolawulo uPetros Omkhulu. Constant bezilungiselela olunzima, ukunyoba ngempatho-musketeers abaphathi abakhulu kwabangela ukuba avukele. Ngowe-1698, bangxamele ayiphumelelanga kwi yesaqunge kwakhokelela kubulawa bamaxhoba ezininzi. Babulawelwa nokuhlukunyezwa of Tsar uPetros ndabandakanyeka ngqo. Bonke babulawa malunga namawaka amabini abatoli, ukubalula kunye wagxothelwa - malunga namawaka amathathu.

Utyando Streletsky ukuze ube fiction - kwakhe, umkhosi namali. Ngokuthe ngcembe, elinye lamaziko inelona futhe likhulu eMoscow ziguqulwa zibe kumaziko eziqhelekileyo kwezoqoqosho kunye nezolawulo. Inkqubo yotshintsho iye wapheliswa Zemsky umyalelo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi yayo bathunyelwa Streletsky, lowo ngelo xesha kusekho i sama ebalulekileyo kunye nolawulo zokusebenza.

umyalelo Strelets kwapheliswa-23 Juni 1701. umthetho Special ovela oko ngokutsha khona ukuze Zemsky kwimicimbi. Emva kwethutyana ke elahlekelwe nayiphi ngokunxulumene umkhosi nomphakathi amajoni - zonke ezi imisebenzi zadluliselwa kwi-Ofisi elisandula kusekwa - Order of Affairs Military.