Fulminate lesigidi

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, uJohann Kunkel kuqala got mercury fulminate. Indlela yokuba kuveliswe le compound luchazwe kwincwadi yakhe, nayo emva kokufa esegumbini leyo. Emva kokuba kwafunyanwa mercury hayi fulminate kusetyenziswa de 1800. nokuveliswa kwe iresiphi compound yavulwa Edward Howard. Izazinzulu ziye wafunda ezininzi iipropati yayo. I ngqo chemical Ukubunjwa compound ezichongiweyo Liebig malunga 1824.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphambi kwesi siganeko ngo-1807, unyaka Forsyth enelungelo ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi njenge umqalisi of detonation powder emnyama. Ngowe-1836, oko komnyaka okudalwe umpu, esebenzisa zibuphekhashini igniter. kwenziwa yomzimba eRashiya baqalisa ukuvelisa ukusuka 1843, unyaka. Nobel ngo 1867 owavela le chap imbabala, nto leyo eye isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi detonation dynamite.

Mercury fulminate yi ngokwaneleyo compound ityhefu. Kodwa ingozi yayo engundoqo, njengoko kuvela, ayikho enetyhefu.

Kwakhona Isakhiwo iye ziqala rattlesnakes iityuwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1890. Ezi zihlanganisi zesayensi ziye igama ngqongqo ngakumbi - fulminates ( "umbane").

Iminyaka emininzi, mercury fulminate isigxina ucinezelo of kwazo kunye dynamite. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje waqalisa ukusetyenziswa, kunye nezinye kusitsha. Ngokomzekelo, iziqhushumbisi ezintsha ngokuqala - teneres kunye azide bakhokele. Le yokugqibela kukuba, ngokutsho izazinzulu, engundoqo namhlanje.

Mercury fulminate 'ukoyika "amanzi. Ngaphezu koko, xa kusenziwa, akusoloko okwaziyo ingqondo umsebenzi eziziisekondari ezimbaxa rhoqo kufuna yokuqhumisa olongezelelweyo.

Mercury fulminate zivezwa ngwevu okanye emhlophe powder crystalline. Xa uhlobo owomileyo ebonisa uvakalelo oluphezulu, ukuba athuke kakhulu, umlilo, kunye nezinye ukuxhathisa lingonakali. I-dubulo kwenzeka xa baboniswa umchiza kwe-sulphuric acid wamandla. Siqala mercury fulminate unobangela asidi enamandla, kwakunye abilayo kunye isenzo neetyuwa obrak.

Formula mercury (rattlesnake) HG (CNO) 2.

Ukususela isisombululo crystallization zolwelo kwenzeka hemihydrate umbala omthubi (ngenxa yobukho ubumdaka imveliso haydrolisis). Hayi has ukunyibilika entle ethanol.

ukuguqulwa White kwaye ivelisa ukumelana oluqaphelekayo kuxhathiso thermal nemichiza. Bangenwe elangeni - ngexa zokukhanya uqalisa mnyama kwaye ungqameko kumphezulu kwakhiwa mercury.

Ukutshiswa Izinga zomyalelo 15.5 mm / s. Kukho mercury fulminate indlela esebenzayo kunye wemagniziyam okanye aluminiyam, ingakumbi xa kukho ukufuma. Oku kunokubangela i dubulo. Kule nkalo, kungabikho zoqhagamshelwano lesigidi fulminate kwaye ezi zesinyithi.

Umchiza owomileyo wabonisa indlela ngokwaneleyo kade nobhedu, nesilivere, isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe. Enoba karhulumente (ezimanzi okanye ezomileyo) modem kunye zentsimbi okanye intsimbi.

Xa isetyenziswe ukuba avuthele compound abole ngaphandle eziqhumayo. Kwimeko engamashumi amathathu ekhulwini ukufuma ulahlekelwa ubuntununtunu layo ngokupheleleyo. Xa amaqondo obushushu ngaphezu kweqondo lama-amahlanu iqala yokubola olucothayo lesigidi fulminate. Oku kuyenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezomileyo. Kubushushu degrees 90-95 ukuba kwiintsuku ezimbalwa compound abole ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwenza izinto emthubi non-Uyadubula. Xa ngokudibanisa umchiza kwi-10% of ethyl imiboniso compound uzinzo kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya degrees asibhozo.

Ukutshiswa olawula zixinaniswe evakalala, ingena detonation. Ebonakalayo uphawu ezimbaxa kunegalelo ukulahleka neempawu eziqalisa Uyadubula. Le Velocity of detonation ka-2300 m / s, ukuba konga 1.25 g / cm3. Ubushushu dubulo - 1.79 MJ / kg. Umthamo we iimveliso detonation - 315 l / kg.

Ukuqhubeka ikhutshwa phandle noxinzelelo ka 250-300 kg / cm2 imbabala cap.