Franz von Papen: engobomi, olunomdla, iifoto

Omnye kwabo isiphelo ebesoloko elinesoya, yaba sezopolitiko waseJamani kunye namazwe Franz von Papen. Ngoxa yena wayesoloko esengozini ekufeni, okanye ubuncinane embundwini yentolongo. Noko ke, wavuya ukumsindisa embandezelweni, uze uvumele ukuba uphile de uguge, leyo ngokucacileyo akazange bafanelwe ixesha ithamsanqa ngasinye.

LoLutsha kumnombo Crusaders

Waba nethamsanqa ukuba wazalwa usapho nomntu ongumninindlu, omnye kwinzala usapho knightly yamandulo, ogama izinyanya kanye wayikhwela iinduli ezinothuli ePalestina. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1879. Njengoko kufuneka kwintsapho entle, lo mfana wanikwa igama elide kangaka, ukuba wonke umntu uyakwazi ukuba zivakaliswe ezikuphefumla efanayo - Frants Yozef Herman Michael Maria von Papen.

ULutsha, ubutyebi kunye negama odumileyo - yintoni enye efunekayo ukuze umsebenzi brilliant nithengisa sakhe somtshato? Okunye nge Lutho obutsha izidlele zakhe, wayesele kwigosa abasebenzi Jikelele, yaye kungekudala akazange athandabuze ukuba aququzelele nosapho ishishini labo batshata mtshakazi bazizinhanha eJamani - intombi kunye heiress kuphela magnate enkulu, umnini nkampani Villeroy & Boch, omnye phambili ngodongwe abenzi .

Kokuphela kolawulo lomkhosi

Ukuqala leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, uFranz von Papen wadibana eUnited States, njengoko attache German emkhosini. Noko ke, ngaxa lithile, esikhulu oselula wenza miscalculation kwaye enetyala zaseMelika kunye loku-, ndagxothwa lizwe. Kokubuyela ekhaya, yena yomkhosi abalwe e Belgium, Alsace, Latoringii kunye emntla-mpuma France.

Ngowe-1918, uFranz von Papen umhlala-mkhosi nje sikhulu Lieutenant. Phambi nezingasetyenziswa njengommeli i-German Jikelele Abasebenzi yomkhosi Turkish, apho wazama ePalestina ukuya ukuxhathisa ukuza imikhosi yaseBritani. Wajoyina irekhodi yakhe kwingoma kunye thethwano athandabuzekayo kunye Republican Irish, ezinonophelwe ngasese ukusuka izixhobo German ukuya kulwa nomkhosi nobungangamela bakhe the Queen.

Rise umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Ukuba abangekho, von Papen, njengoko esifanele umntu isangqa wakhe, wazinikela kwezopolitiko, ukukhonza njenge ulibamba Prussia Landtag (Zemsky iPalamente) ukusuka Catholic Centre Party. Ngobuchule uqhubela phakathi kwemisinga ezahlukeneyo kwezopolitiko, ngowe-1932 waba nako ukuthatha kwisikhundla sokuba yinkulumbuso phantsi Hindenburg, kodwa ukuhlala kwi-ofisi iinyanga ezintlanu kuphela - izise yokungabikho phantse epheleleyo inkxaso kwi Reichstag.

Igcina le meko, wazama ukwakha mfelandawonye ngokuthi ekutsaleni ecaleni lakhe amanqaku a ngoko nyanzela National Socialist Party. Noko ke, uFranz von Papen kunye Hitler ayikwazanga uyavuma. Hitler iyeyakhe wayezimisele-yindoda ibe nye, yaye akazange afune ukuba wabelane naye nabani na. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni kukaDisemba 1932 urhulumente sachithwa, yaye intloko yakhe okwethutyana umsebenzi.

Iphutha Vice-Chancellor

Nokuzalwa von Papen sikelelani ubutyebi kunye negama edumileyo, isiphelo wamnika kunye iimpawu eziyimfuneko-nkqubo ngempumelelo; yena smart, eNamandla, kwaye, okubalulekileyo, izimiso. Kunye kulo nyaka emva ukurhoxa kwakhe ngenkani Franz von Papen - Vice Chancellor of Wesithathu, wadalwa wangaphambili weqela elichasayo yakhe yezopolitiko Adolf Hitler.

Noko ke, ukwanda zezilwanyana ezinjalo kungekudala phantse lubekelwe ukuphila kwakhe. Isizathu sokuba loo uye wakhonza intetho obuthethwe von Papen ngoJuni 1934. Kuyo, yena nobuganga ukuvakalisa inkxaso ishishini kunye elite yezimali zeli lizwe, awanelisekanga ebaxiweyo lwamaNazi engathi yayo yobusoshiyali. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba urhulumente yileyo naluphi na uluvo, kuchasene nomgaqo-nkqubo inkokeli ithathwa lokungcatsha kwaye bohlwaywe ngokuqatha. Kulo mzekelo, nashkodivshego Vice-Chancellor wahlangulwa ekufeni ethile umhlobo wakhe osenyongweni Goering.

Noko ke, hayi isehlo eso lokugqibela ebomini bakhe. UFranz von Papen, ogama biography nakwixesha elizayo liya kuzala iimeko ezibalulekileyo apho wayesoloko kuvelile waphumelela, ngumzekelo ngobomi lokwenyaniso minion wethamsanqa.

Ambassador wayefuna kuxhelwa

Ukuphepha ingqumbo eliphezulu ngenxa ifilosofi yakhe, kodwa walahlekelwa isithuba esiyi ngaphambili, ngowe-1934, von Papen wamiselwa German Ambassador Austria. Uzama ngazo zonke iindlela ukuze wokulungisa iwayini endala, yena anika inkxaso ebanzi zonke iintlobo imibutho wesizwe pro-German yasekuhlaleni. Kodwa endaweni yokuba nombulelo kwakhona esengozini zokufa.

Isibakala sokuba ekuthatheni Austria, wehla embalini phantsi kwegama Anshlyuz, uHitler kwakufuneka izizathu zincomeka. Kwaye yintoni kufaneleka ngaphezulu emva kokubulawa? Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iphuhlise isicwangciso, njengoko apho von Papen kunye nendima ekujongwe lixhoba elimsulwa. Ukuze ulonwabo lwakhe, ngoJanuwari 1938, iinyanga ezimbini phambi kokuba ngokuhlaselwa German eOstriya, amapolisa agqogqa ikomkhulu ngamaNazi zasekuhlaleni, yaye izandla zakhe zaba amaxwebhu eziphalaza ukukhanya kule sicwangciso singanyangekiyo. Ngenxa yoko, yayizalwa Crusaders kwakhona wasinda ekufeni.

Oluqhubekayo misadventures ye ngonozakuzaku

Ixesha elizayo bayahlelwa ithuba bawa ukusindisa von Papen ekufeni ebudeni Second World War, kodwa oku akuzange emkhosini. Okuvuyisayo kukuba kunqandwa ngaphambili, wachitha iminyaka emihlanu, ubambe isikhundla unozakuzaku waseJamani eTurkey. Noko ke, kude ubomi best abe iingozi ezininzi. Ngeli xesha, liye ngokuphindaphindiweyo wazama "ukususa" amagosa asebupoliseni yiSoviet emfihlekweni, umsebenzi wakhe kukuthintela Ambassador waseJamani ukulukuhla urhulumente Turkish inxaxheba emfazweni kwicala Jamani. Noko ke, luck kwakukho kwicala von Papen.

na oko kutshintshile yena nasemva Wesithathu woyiswa yimikhosi bemikhosi Amanyeneyo. Ukuvalelwa ulawulo wamajoni weThoba US Army, phakathi kwezinye amaNazi owabonakala kwi waseLondon esemkhumbini, yena engenalo. Franz von Papen ziphetshwe kuphela emthini, leyo babuyela kubahlobo bakhe ubudala, kwaye nkqu esiseleni sentolongo.

Isiphumo ubomi olungazolanga

Nakuba kunjalo, kwiminyaka emibini yobomi bakhe kusafuneka ukuchitha emva kwezitshixo. Ngowe-1947, emva-imfazwe iJamani yaba iKhomishini de-Nazification - ukusihlambulula uluntu German kwimiphumo kwiimbono lwamaNazi. Kuba von Papen waba ngaphantsi wabanyamezela ngaphezu yamaTyala eNuremberg, waza wagwetywa naye iminyaka esibhozo entolongweni. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emibini kamva bebaqeshela amagqwetha benze umsebenzi wabo, kwaye ekhululekile.

Sele kwiminyaka kamva Frants Fon Papen, ifoto apho lucaciswa kule nqaku, udinwe kwezopolitiko, wamnika yena ekubhaleni memoirs bakhe. Njengoko umbhali waba ezininzi kakhulu, kwaye ngexesha phambi kokufa kwakhe, nindilandeleyo ngowe-1969, ishicilele inani leencwadi. Kuzo, wayesoloko wazama ukuzithethelela lo mgaqo-nkqubo eJamani emva Hitler waqalisa ukulawula.