Kildin Island. I Barents Sea. Lake Mogilnoye on Kildin Island

rock obukhulu omkhulu, ezinemithi phezu koLwandle Barents, Kildin siqithi - akanakwaziwa okukhulu indalo. Kule ndawo zonke engaqhelekanga, ukusuka abemi, amagama, imbali yophuhliso lwabantu ukuya komhlaba, ubume kunye ichibi Mogilnoye.

indawo island

Emantla-mpuma inxalenye kuLwandle Barents, ekwiikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka uphume i Kola Bay yi Kildin. Igoqo elimnyama ilitye abakwiindawo ekudibaneni kweendlela yolwandle enkulu, eshiya evela Murmansk. Omnye wabo uhamba eScandinavia eYurophu, okwesibini - ukuya kuLwandle White. Lelona siqithi sikhulu, ahlala kufutshane Murmansk elunxwemeni, inomqukumbelo yi-Kola Peninsula.

Island History

Ngowe-1809, freebooters IsiNgesi bakhona anamagazi limisiwe siqithi Kildin kunokuba inkampu, ngokusekelwe ihewu yayo onduli. Libhuqiwe elimi luvulekele ixesha elide kwindawo eyintlango zasendle. Ukususela ngoko, esona sabelo besiqithi ukuya ngasemazantsi-mpuma, bay, iCape kunye edikeni ebizwa ngegama layo - Grave. Ngenkulungwane XIX, sisungule iprojekthi yophuhliso namawa amabhongo ngqwabalala, lo siqithi waba sixeko. Noko ke, into enjalo yenzeke.

I sahlala kwisiqithi ambalwa Norwegian Eriksen oselula. izizukulwana ezintathu Eriksen ntsapho iyonke Nadla ubuncwane siqithi malunga neminyaka engama-60. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX koogunyaziwe benqila inxaxheba kuphuhliso Kildin lweziseko, utyalo-mali ofanelekileyo mali.

Kweli xesha baye bafumana khona elichweba Democrats Social, obonisa nabalobi. Basebenzisa Kildin isiqithi njengendawo transit. Angeniswa apha ngokungekho iincwadi kwezopolitiko eNorway, ekujongwe ukuba kuthunyelwa Arkhangelsk.

Urhulumente young eSoviet ngenzondelelo uhlaziyo uphuhliso lehewu enamatye. Ngexesha elifutshane izisa kumashishini lusekiwe. Kwakukho indawo amanyeneyo zokuloba, isityalo ayodini, iifama ezinoboya Pestsovoye kunye neminye imibutho. Phambi kokuba imfazwe bonke abemi kuhlala kummandla Murmansk. Eriksen usapho zinganakwa. I siqithi waba iziko yasemkhosini.

War era siqithi olwalumiselwe kuhlala de-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. nommandla wayo lixhotyiswe kunye nezithuba ngokuqaphela, amanqaku qha, iinkqubo enomjukujelwa umoya ukuziphendulela, iposi ayeya. Iza kutyala iibhetri zaselwandle, enomjukujelwa webutho, abayinyamekelayo ekusekweni kwezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo.

Namhlanje, abambalwa labahlali kodwa kukho inani elincinane izibonelelo zomkhosi abahlala Kildin Island. Photo ukubonisa komhlaba bakhe ngabantu kakhulu, babeziindleko eyintlango isidumbu zabangento elalisakuba buhle - kukho izixhobo elinamandla, izakhiwo ofisi kunye nezakhiwo zokuhlala.

Inkcazelo siqithi

Ngokutsho isakhiwo zejoloji siqithi Kildin phantse ngokungafaniyo nezwe. yokubona wayo kwahlukile koko na kwi the Kola Peninsula. Nguye weentaba, kunye amathambeka ngobunono ukuba apha flecked khona moss kunye zengca. Ukususela entshonalanga kunye nonxweme ngasentla aphakeme yalo phezulu kwaye elide. North unxweme ukusuka empuma kuye entshona zanda ukuphakama.

Emazantsi udonga nzulu, abathabatha inxaxheba kwendawo kumntla-mpuma, i mlanjana kwemali. Kwi iincopho imixawuka ezisemantla kunye nakumazantsi enikezelanayo neengxangxasi. In kunxweme kumzantsi-mpuma siqithi ngayo ingqubekile bay lula. Iinqanawa, akuba engene bay sepulchral nkqi ebhankini phansi.

Barents uhambo, lokuvula bay Grave ngo-1594, wayixabela kwimephu. Abakhonzi woonongendi Solovetsky kushishino kunxweme emzantsi-mpuma eziqulethwe Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini (kwiinkulungwane 17-18). Nje ngasempumalanga Bay kukho ichibi Mogilnoye.

Biota

Kwi siqithi likhaya iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka, ziphakathi apho abo zidweliswe ezisengozini. Ingabangaba, njengesangxa, amarhanisi, amadada izikhova polar kumiwa siqithi Kildin. I Barents Sea - yemvelo dolphins, iminenga ukutya, killer. Kuyo zifunyanwa wawukwazi herring, cod, halibut kunye catfish. Kwi nemida amalungiselelo rookeries itywina namatywina. Xa amanzi imilambo Zarubihi, Tipanovki kunye Klimovka lokoluka nesalmon, nesalmon kunye Isakare Arctic.

On Kildin ukuhlangabezana imivundla, iimpungutye kunye neebhere brown. On amazwe yakhe eyandayo sendawo - ingcambu segolide (Rhodiola rosea). Ekuqaleni, kubonakala ukuba imithi kwi lehewu onduli ebengekho. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sihlolisise - kubonwa phakathi zengca umgca olungenasiphelo ngokolula imithi lukhuni ezinde, nenomlanga, Zinokuxutywa lutyhido of willow lokudubula ayifiki yandisa phezulu ukuya edolweni.

chibi Mogilnoye

Malunga namawaka amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo kwi siqithi bakha relict echibini engaqhelekanga. ichibi Unique kwi Kildin Island ukhandwa kwiiseli ezininzi amanzi. maleko Bottom - zone ezifileyo onke womonakalisi emanzini. Top - umthombo wamanzi acocekileyo. Inxalenye phakathi ichibi izele amanzi amtyuba eziphila emanzini. Umaleko eliphakathi ehlala lweentlobo ezinqabileyo zikho, intlanzi mutated - Kildin cod, phantsi nokukhuselwa Red encwadi Russian Federation.

Va emanzini ityuwa asezantsi nalawo aphakathi, "umgangatho" kukho umaleko - amanzi, zenziwe cherry umbala. Ngayo iintsholongwane purple ahlale - isithintelo live kungenwa nako bokufumana ukufunxa igesi ebulalayo. Ukuba ngequbuliso iibhaktheriya shwaka elwandle, hydrogen emanzini baya kuqala kunyuka aye umphantsi nomphezulu, sijike ichibi endaweni ka kuyo.

Unique uluhlu ichibi ihlabathi ukuba nanto nangona kubalwa phakathi ezikhumbuzo federal zendalo,, imisebenzi yokhuseleko indalo ukukhusela isishiya kangako. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, Kildin Island, Lake Mogilnoye - indawo zendalo oyidingayo, ufanelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi, unakekelo uphando.

iimpawu ichibi

Eli chibi relict kumaxesha amandulo yaba yinxalenye kuLwandle Barents. Kuye kwasekwa ngenxa yokuba ulwandle lwaseYurophu phezulu. Amanzi ngobuso kwindawo 96000 ^m2. Ekugqibeleni wafika 560, ububanzi buziimitha 280. Ubunzulu chibi amanzi eluhlaza neselubala iya iimitha 17.

ukulingana Hydrochemical phakathi maleko kunye netyiwa lugcinwa ngenxa yokuba amanzi seeping kuLwandle Barents ngokusebenzisa Isthmus zomhlaba, wabahlula eli chibi olwandle. ububanzi shaft - 70, ukuphakama - 5.5 yeemitha. Umaleko zolwelo eliphezulu ngokunzulu kweemitha ezi-5 ityuwa ngamandla neetyuwa kumphezulu.

Ichibi yabelwa imimandla ezine ezahlukeneyo kwinqanaba lumtyuba. abemi Water bahlala ngeengcamba ezintathu zokuqala. Zifumaneka rotifers umaleko IiReggaeton copepods. amanzi Marine zihlala jellyfish, intlanzi kunye cod ulwandle. Xa silnosolenoy amanzi kuhlala iintsholongwane ezimfusa, ukukhulula ngokukhawuleza emanzini kwi "umgangatho" asezantsi lifile kwechibi.