Flying i yenethiwekhi moya: inkcazelo kunye nembali

Flying i yenethiwekhi moya - iyunithi air nabakwaziyo ukuthwala moya eziliqela ezincinane enzelwe ukulwa emoyeni.

Ingcamango yendalo wayo wavuka nje emva kokuqala kokwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza zeppelins, ngakumbi umfundi indumasi neblimps.

Ukwenza yenethiwekhi air kucingwe ishishini ethembisayo, njengoko kwenyusa impumelelo yesenzo yokulwa moya. Nangona kunjalo, nokufika refuellers moya, oku ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kwayo, nangona oko yacocwa ngokupheleleyo evela akhawunti.

Yintoni ebangele ukuvela esiphaphazelayo carrier moya

Ukuvela izixhobo ezintsha, iindlela zisoloko ezinxulumene iimfuno ezithile eluntwini. Njengoko usazi, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, Yokuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ngexesha apho ezontathu ezivela macala omabini lasebenza kuqala. Nangona kunjalo, oku sele ukusebenza ephantsi kakhulu.

Inyaniso yokuba imingeni kwixesha kwi ezintlwini moya kuluhlu encinane kakhulu yokusabela ngenxa encinci ipetroli ebhodini. Oku siwanciphise kanobom ukusetyenziswa kwe yokulwa moya, njengoko bathi bakwazi ukusebenza kuphela kwindawo ngokungqalileyo. emva imigca utshaba kude kubo.

Imfuneko yokuphucula ukusebenza zomkhosi moya yokulwa kunyanzeliswa ukuba mawuhlawule ingqalelo zeppelins - neblimps shell metal. Le yunithi umoya waba ubukhulu omhle omhle kwaye kungenzeka okubhabha imigama emide. Oku kwabangela ukuba ingcamango yokuba ihamba moya lwabo besebenzisa-elide umgama nzulu kumhlaba wotshaba ukwenza kusehla umoya phezu kokujoliswe. Ngoko kwakukho a ephaphazelayo othwala moya. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ilizwe ngalinye indlela yayo ukuze ekufezekisweni lo mbono. Hayi njalo le ndlela neziphumo izisombululo elungileyo.

USS indiza. ulwazi lokuqala

Ugqaliselo okokuqala kweli nokudalwa esiphaphazelayo carrier ndiza ukusebenzisa oku airships, ezithi zisetyenziswe kakhulu ungquzulwano, kude kube sekuphelisweni kwephakade eli Second World War.

Lo moya kwakujongwa inguqulelo efanelekileyo kwezi zilandelayo: a biplane iye kuqatyeliswa kwibhodi a Zeppelin, wayinikela kwindawo imfazwe.

Emva koko, lo moya ethatyathwe-crane kunye okwenziwe ngemigca exweseneyo ivele ezizodwa disengaged. Konke oku kwenzeka kwi ngokupheleleyo yenethiwekhi moya isantya. Ibambe solo flight biplane.

Emva kokuba ndiza yokulwa mission wabuyela Zeppelin iyaqhubeka ukusebenza kwindawo imfazwe, ngesantya elizeleyo, wanamathela kuye hook crane kunye zibandakanywe. Eminye okuphumisayo carrier ndiza wabuyela indiza.

Ngasekupheleni 1918 indiza-1 US ngenqwelo-moya, "Curtiss JN4", eqhotyoshelwe phantsi gondola. Emva nokuphakamisa biplane ukuba unhooked kwaye ngokuzimeleyo waqhubeka lo moya.

Kwi-US, kamva wakha ezimbini likhulu kwimbali Aviation ivele "Macon" yaye "yaseAkron", nto leyo yaba ubude 239 m kunye zazikwazi ukuthwala ukuya mlilo ezine. Noko ke, ukungabikho namava ukwakhiwa kwale hlobo zeppelins kwaba nefuthe elibi ikamva lazo; bobabini "aviamatki" ingqubekile ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kakuhle.

Ukutshintsha ingqiqo abathwali lomoya

Amava kusetyenziso ivele njenge esiphaphazelayo carrier moya wabonisa yokungafani le meko. Ingakumbi lunciphile umdla kuye emva kwentlekele kwi Zeppelin inkulu ehlabathini "Hindenburg". indiza ezaliswe hydrogen kutshiswa ngokukhawuleza, yabulala abakhweli kweshumi ngaphezu ezintathu kunye namalungu nqanawa.

Kwakhona, ethile ebalulekileyo ye-carrier moya, indiza waba sengozini kwalo moya yotshaba. Imbonakalo moya utshaba kwingingqi ekufumaneni carrier moya, "abotshwe" kunye hydrogen, lenzelwe kwintshabalalo kunqandwa.

Ngoko, kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi amaNgesi bazama ukwenza moya edityanisiweyo, okt i-moya ephethe ukulwa. Njengoko enjalo carrier moya waseBritani yenzelwe ukusebenzisa isikhephe ephaphazelayo, ukulungisa karma kwakhe phezulu.

Le mbono, Kakade ke, kulungile, kodwa kunzima ukuphumeza. Ngoko ke, i esiphaphazelayo othwala moya ngendlela moya ezihlolwayo kunye asidalwanga ngu abathungi moya yaseBritani. Kodwa amava abuhlungu akamthintelanga abenzi amazwe moya Russian.

Ingcamango moya VS Vahmistrova

Vladimir Sergeevich Vahmistrov - iziqu Air Force Academy. Emva kokuba ephumelele esebenza kuphando Aviation nokuvavanywa ziko. Phakathi kweendonga zayo, yaye wabonakala uluvo ngokusebenzisa umakhi njenge "aviamatki" iwele-injini bomber TB-1, okudalwe umyili owaziwayo Tupolev.

Vladimir Sergeyevich wacela ukulungisa amaphiko karma TB-1 izitshixo ezimbini ezizodwa.

Kulo mzekelo, lo moya zasetyenziswa njengokhuselo ukusuka moya utshaba bomber.

Kwakhona izicwangciso ukuba emva iziqhushumbisi ze-1 TB izakhiwo Fighters yotshaba ibuyiselwe isikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngokuzimeleyo nganye.

Ukuphunyezwa ingcamango Vahmistrova

Phakathi ku-1931 eSoviet High Umyalelo yamkele isicwangciso VS Vahmistrova, besithi emoyeni moya yenethiwekhi - sisixhobo kakhulu.

Iqela abathungi abaselula uqale ukusebenza ngokuzimisela phezu indalo komdlali ophethe moya enamaphiko, okanye njengoko bayibiza ngoko, lo moya-level. Ekupheleni kuka-1931 i esiphaphazelayo carrier moya Vahmistrova wayelungele uvavanyo. Yenza lokuqala fly wayalela abaqhubi abanolwazi kakhulu ixesha, ezizezi Adam Zalewski (amaqela umphathi bomber), Andrey Sharapov (kwadlula BT-1), Valery Tchkalov kunye Aleksandru Anisimovu (abaqhubi fighter, amaphiko bomber phezu attachments).

"Circus Vahmistrova"

Ngoko wabiza Iinqwelo uvavanyo lokuqala yenethiwekhi moya eSoviet. Isibakala sokuba moya soloko ilandelwa lutshintsho lwemithetho kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga.

Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni moya yokuqala, ukunganxibelelani kakuhle bomber enqanaweni kunye ukulwa pilot Chkalov kuye kwathetha ukuba Zalewski wavula umlweli phambi ukulungisa iinwele xa ivaliwe yintsika isisu semoto yayo. Kuphela amava Chkalov iye wasindiswa kwintlekele.

A nesimo esifanayo kunye V. Kokkinaki karma: yena ukuvula izixhobo umsila elakhiwe yokutshixa. Apha le meko kusindiswa umthetheli-bomber Stefanovsky, isigqibo ukuze uhlale phantsi kunye Fighters kwamaphiko. Bonke yaphela kakuhle.

uphefumlela impumelelo

Lo moya uvavanyo lokuqala lubonise ukuba eziphaphazelayo abathwali moya eSoviet bafanelwe phambili uphuhliso.

Endaweni bomber TB-1 TB-3 enamandla ngakumbi sadalwa, nto leyo ibe yenethiwekhi moya kuba umlweli elitsha Polikarpov I-5. Ngelo xesha elinye ithuba lokuba ukwandisa inani Fighters eziphathwayo ezintathu - amaphiko amabini esinye fuselage.

senziwa Vahmistrova ukuzama ukufumana ababelwa phantsi kwamaphiko TB-3, kodwa lwaphela ukufa a pilot mbono. Unobangela wengozi kwakhona wakhonza njengoko moya lock attachment kwi "aviamatke" akukho ukuvula emoyeni, kodwa ngokuzenzekelayo izakufunyanwa xa lihlala.

Ngowe-1935, iSoviet eziphaphazelayo carrier ndiza ekwaziyo yokuthutha abantu abalwa ngaphezu kwesihlanu, omnye kubo (I-Z) kwakunxibelelene kwi "aviamatkoy 'emoyeni.

Ngowe-1938, i esiphaphazelayo carrier moya, eyamkelwa yi-Red Army.

Abathwali air idumileyo

Yaziwa eziphaphazelayo abathwali ezintlanu moya, nto leyo eshiye umkhondo kwimbali Aviation - TB-1 eSoviet, Tupolev Tu-95N, moya American Convair B-36 uxolo, iBoeing B-29 Superfortress kunye ivele "yaseAkron".

TB-1 eSoviet yi lezibuko-metal monoplane bomber yokuqala ehlabathini, owawusetyenziswa njengomthuthi moya ukukhanya. Ubhaptizo of yenethiwekhi moya lomlilo wafumana July 26, 1941, xa encediswa bangamajoni ekuhlaseleni, ekugqibeleni "got" indawo yokugcina oyile waseJamani e Constanta.

I 'flying carrier inqwelomoya "Homeland Vahmistrova andiwulibalanga. Ngowe-1955, iSoviet Union waqalisa umsebenzi ekudalweni inkqubo othukile qhinga, kuquka PC kwaye supersonic moya bomber carrier Tu-95N.

Bekucingelwa ukuba PC uya samiliselwa ngokungaphelelanga zibekwe umthwalo ubambelele i yenethiwekhi moya. Le nkqubo kuthiwa ukuqinisekisa ngokoyiswa iinjongo ngaphandle nghena isenzo ommandla zokhuselo air yotshaba abuyele moya.

American Convair B-36 uxolo wayebandakanyekile ekudaleni isigubungelo inkqubo ekuhlaseleni enzima, okwaye kwabonelela ukuthutha kane uhlobo ekukhanyeni McDonnell XF-85 Goblin mlilo.

Noko ke, ngenxa yobunzima docking karma B-36 project irhoxisiwe ngo-1949. Ukongeza, i-US Air Force ingqalelo simulators lobuxoki-ekujoliswe eveliswe bomber xa kuthe behlaselwa moya, ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwe-inshorensi yokulwa mbono.

IBoeing B-29, 40 zokusebenza, kulungiselelwa ethwele mlilo ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, lo twist enamandla iziphelo amaphiko kukhokelele kwintlekele, iprojekthi B-29 yavalwa, yaye le ngcamango yamkelwa yingozi.

indiza American USS yaseAkron 30 yeyesinye le Zeppelin yehlabathi inkulu. Wakwazi ukuthutha ukuya ezintlanu moya ukukhanya mission ogama sokuhlola.

Flying abathwali moya ikamva

flying iziphathi-moya American kwaye Soviet, uphononongo yayo ezinikelwe ngentla, ngethamsanqa, Asikabi wamisela umzekelo yabo ukusetyenziswa yokulwa, ngaphandle ukuze umsebenzi ukuze atshabalalise izixhobo zokugcina oyile e Constanta ngexesha Second World War.

Noko ke, ingcamango yokuba esiphaphazelayo carrier odiza indlela ebekusaya ilawula iingqondo nabayili.

Umzekelo, Ukuhlelwa wezoKhuselo Research Jobs USA (DARPA) ixesha elide iye yasungula inkqubo ye "Gremlins" kuphuhliso kwezithuthi yaqonda emoyeni, ekwaziyo wayisusa ngokusuka carrier moya, kwaye aphinde abuyele kwelakhe icala.