Fish izimvu: inkcazo yoluhlu

Le inkulu amanzi echibini kwi planethi - Lake zamanzi. Ukujula kwawo laliziimitha 1637, kwaye ubudala kulo mzimba elikhethekileyo amanzi, njengoko izazinzulu, ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu ezigidi.

Cingela phakathi abaphandi sedikeni izimvu - lo ulwandle elizayo; ke akukho zimpawu ngokwaluphala, Ugu sanda. Kuphela umfula evela chibi, yi Angar, ubude ogama - 1779 leekhilomitha. Angara ebanzi (863 m) kunye inkulu ehlabathini.

intlanzi izimvu waziwa nje kuphela eSiberia, ubuqaqawuli kuyo kwakudala awela imida yelizwe lethu. Malunga isongo sayo le ntsomi. Eyomisiweyo okanye ndatshaya omul - isipho yemveli Siberians kuzisa abahlobo bakho kwizixeko ezininzi eRashiya. Xa uzama izitya evela izimvu intlanzi, abahambi ezininzi izicwangciso uhambo lwabo ecaleni Lake izimvu, ukuba aphinde afumane uhlobo ebalaseleyo isongo watshaya whitefish, grayling kunye silivumba elimnandi whitefish etshaya yosiwe kunye golomyanka eyomileyo.

zamanzi reserve

Ukuze alondoloze unique uhlobo Lake izimvu ngo-1969 Biosphere Reserve, nto leyo ukwakweli esikunxweme lwempuma yeso chibi yasekwa apha. Singene intsimi enkulu - in iihektare 167.871 zentaba Khamar-Daban. Imida izimvu Nature Reserve aphezu imilambo kunye Mishikha Vydrin. Izimvu zintaba ezingqongileyo - yinto umqobo yendalo nxamnye imilambo moya ethwala ukukhululwa kakhulu neetyuwa.

Ebekelwe bucala kusindiswa amakhulu iintlobo ezohlukileyo enezityalo nezilwanyana. abameli Rare zehlabathi kwamanzi odumileyo zamanzi Reserve. Intlanzi kuwo ifumaneka iintlobo ezilishumi elinambini. Oku ikakhulu iflakisi, trout kunye grayling. Ezi ntlobo kufika ngexesha besasaza emlanjeni, yaye ekupheleni kwehlobo kwakhona ubuyele edikeni, apho achitha ubusika.

Iintlobo zamanzi iintlanzi

Kwaye nje echibini (kuquka iindawo ezikhuselweyo), kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe amahlanu iintlanzi. Kuphela elinesihlanu zinxulumene inani lokuloba. Eyona idumileyo ke grayling, whitefish kunye Cisco. Xa inani negcuntswana oqhelekilyo iintlanzi ezixabisekileyo izimvu ezifana izimvu Intlanzi, trout, sisinkantazi begusha neflakisi. Ukongeza, ubomi echibini zakhele, IDE, Roach.

Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, indlela biomass iyonke iintlanzi kweli chibi malunga amabini anamashumi amathathu amawaka eetoni, kuquka amawaka amathandathu iitoni lokuloba. Ukwandisa inani iintlobo ezixabisekileyo intlanzi e Irkutsk wadalwa Ltd. "izimvu intlanzi", imisebenzi leyo siza kukhe sithethe ngayo kamva.

Ngezantsi sinikela uluhlu lwe yeyona ixhaphakileyo edikeni yentlanzi Iintlobo:

• wemifula;
• yeflakisi;
• Cisco;
• Isakare Arctic;
• whitefish;
• grayling;
• Pike;
• IDE;
• bream
• yayinguDace Siberian;
• minnow;
• Roach Siberian;
• minnow;
• zeCARP;
• lin;
• Amur zeCARP;
• Isakare Siberian;
• Amur catfish;
• Siberian Chipper;
• burbot;
• sasinye Rota;
• iintlobo 27 shirokolobok;
• golomyanka;
• sculpin.

Simazi ezinye iinkcukacha.

whitefish

Eli chibi abandayo-amanzi iintlanzi bulindelwe kwaye uhlala echibini. Abemi imelwe edikeni kunye emlanjeni kunye neefom chibi, ukuba ubume ohlobo. Ahluke inani kumculo rakers, isikali tubing ebekwe kumgca lateral. ifomu Fish izimvu chibi whitefish iye ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amathathu anesihlanu dj rakers. Le ntlanzi bakholisa ujungujungu kweli chibi.

SIG-mnenga whitefish - iphetshana umlambo ukuba stamens kakhulu ngaphantsi, ubuninzi ezingamashumi amabini anesine. iintlanzi elwandle, ndawonye nemingenela yawo ngeminyango, uchitha ubomi bahlale yokufuduka. Ngokuqhelekileyo bulindelwe emilanjeni, 250 km ukusuka emlonyeni, kwaye feeds amanzi echibi. Ngokwahlukileyo izihlobo zabo chibi iphantsi kakhulu kwaye tight-gingci izikali umzimba.

Whitefish naa phantse kulo lonke eli chibi, kodwa xiyimiso inkulu okubhaliweyo kwi Barguzin kunye Chivyrkuisky Bay, phezu Selenga kwamanzi asisidibi kwaye kuLwandle Small. Amaxesha amaninzi, oku kwenzeka kwindawo pre-yokungenela yemilambo kunye Upper Angara Kichera. Whitefish ithanda amanzi nzulu kunye kumhlaba oyisanti. Abameli kweefom edikeni-umlambo baphila amabini nzulu. Ebusika zehlela kubunzulu-150 m, kwaye zentlako-hlaza nezasehlotyeni - 40-50 eemitha.

Ubunzima avareji leesampulu emihlanu 500 grams, abasixhenxe-cig ubunzima kwesiqingatha kilogram, kunye neminyaka eli-15 ubunzima iintlanzi ukufikelela 5 kg. Abalobi bathi bakwazi ukubamba whitefish enobunzima ngaphezu kwama-10 kg. Whitefish - a ezixabisekileyo zamanzi intlanzi, yeyiphi intlanzi, ngokutsho izazinzulu, ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuyinqumla, ingakumbi ngexesha amaqanda. Ukwandisa inani layo kufuneka ukuzalela ngumntu kunye Qhotsa ukukhulisa esisinyanzelo. Le nkqubo ithatha ingqalelo imisebenzi kokonakaliswa zonke izigaba zophuhliso.

omul

Izimvu fish omul inikwa kwimiphakathi ezintlanu kwedike;

• ambassadorial;
• Selenga;
• Chivyrkui;
• North zamanzi;
• Barguzin.

Nokuba ngaphambi kokuba afike edikeni, uza kufumana i eliMele idumileyo okumnandi whitefish - North zamanzi. Oku kunokubonwa zonke kwabomthetho imizi, kwizikhululo zikaloliwe, kwiilali ezincinane. Kwi indlela abantu balapha kunyusela kuwe womile kwaye omul ityuwa, kwaye xa ufika idike uyakwazi ukubona entsha-xwi Arctic Cisco.

Izimvu Omul - intlanzi besive sodidi whitefish, salmon usapho. I kanye omkhulu kwaye imncede ezithandwayo nabemi Lake izimvu, namhlanje kakhulu bancipha ubukhulu, yaye, ngelishwa, phezu kwala kancane yokutshabalala. Ubude bomzimba wayo ngoku ayidluli iisentimitha mahlanu ubunzima neekhilogram ezintathu.

Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi abakhenkethi, kuba loo nto, yaye abantu balapha enjoy - Cisco ndatshaya. Eneneni uju oyinyaniso, hayi nje kuphela kweli lizwe lethu kodwa phesheya. Le izimvu intlanzi ezixabisekileyo, inyama leyo eye incasa okhethekileyo kakhulu ukuba ayikwazi mazingabhidaniswa nabanye. It ithambe kakhulu kwaye kutyetyiswa. Ekulungisweni ekunene kubonakala incasa engaqhelekanga apho futhi siyibulela. Uninzi abakhenkethi okokuqala ukuba angcamle le imfezeko, bathi ukuba akukho nto emnandi ngakumbi abangazange bedlile ebomini bam.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Le ntlanzi izimvu ngenxa ukubamba olunzulu kakhulu kakhulu kunciphisa inani labantu. Kule minyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlulileyo iye ubanjwe malunga namashumi amane amawaka quintals yeentlanzi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, iprogram olukhethekileyo whitefish kubambisa waphuhliswa kwaye yamkelwa-1982, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba abale zolondolozo, kwakunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela ngenxa yezizathu enengqondo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, beqhubeka Asebenzisa efukamela Cisco. Siyathemba ukuba umbulelo lo msebenzi wokhuseleko photos izimvu iintlanzi apho ubona apha ngezantsi, ziza kugcinwa, abemi baya kwanda.

grayling

Izimvu grayling White i zenyathi grayling yaseSiberia. E Lake izimvu, le ntlanzi iphila phantse elunxwemeni, yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwinxalenye esempuma, apho ubunzulu akufunekanga ngaphezu kweemitha amathathu. Kuba kwanda lenombolo sikhetha shallows isanti kunye igrabile emazantsi okanye rolls. Zidala iqala ekupheleni kuka-Apreli yaye sihlala kude kube phakathi ku-Meyi. Ngeli xesha, lobushushu amanzi isusela ukusuka 7.5 ukuya +14,6 ° C.

Ngeli xesha ukusukelwa, grayling ukutshintsha umbala: umzimba inkunzi iba mpunga emnyama, nge eyahlukileyo umbala sisinyithi Ndileka. Kwaye phezu amaphiko zangasese, amaphiko kuvela kwi amabala zobhedu-abomvu. Edge eliphezulu fin amanakani okuba kukho zinokuhonjiswa umda emnyama ebomvu. Uphuhliso iqanda le hlobo ithatha malunga elinesixhenxe iintsuku.

sturgeon

Yeyona endala iintlanzi ezinkulu zamanzi ena. Ulwazi lokuqala malunga ingafunyanwa kwi iingxelo Nikolaya Spafariya kunye avvakum, abo batyelela chibi elihle kwinkulungwane ekuqaleni XVII. Inani enkulu Intlanzi kulo wawukhomba I. G. Gmelin (1751), xa wachaza uhambo lwakhe nge eSiberia. I. G. Georgi - eyaziwa naturalist-wamazwe - kwinkulungwane XVII ngasekupheleni, ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha amanqaku akhe Intlanzi ukuba uhlala chibi, kwakunye yokuloba yale ntlanzi emlanjeni Selenga.

Iminyaka emininzi wafunda zamanzi Intlanzi A. G. Egorov. Wenza umsebenzi omkhulu isifundo yemilambo engena elwandle, zokupaka, ezichaza ubungakanani bayo, ukwabiwa, ibhayoloji kunye nokuloba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwedike. Umbhali odumileyo Russian V. P. Astafev wambiza ngokuba "uKumkani-intlanzi".

Intlanzi - ummeli kuphela lweentlanzi cartilaginous kweli chibi. Amanzi umbala omdaka ukukhanya limnyama, isisu kusoloko kakhulu lula. Kunye umzimba wonke kukho imiqolo ezintlanu zhuchek bone ezizodwa, kwaye phakathi kwabo - iipleyiti ithambo encinane ukuba imilo eyahlukeneyo. fin Caudal, ngakumbi ngqo, lobe ayo aphezulu kakhulu ixesha elide ngaphezu emazantsi.

Apho sturgeon eqhelekileyo?

Eyona sturgeon iqhelekileyo ogudle ye lomlambo Selenga, kuloo matheku of Lake zamanzi. Uhlala kubunzulu yeemitha ukuya ku mahlanu. Ekwindla, ngexesha yimimoya enamandla, kunokuba ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha ezili-150. Ubusika emilonyeni yemilambo emikhulu kuloo mihadi. Kulo nyaka intlanzi ikhula umlinganiselo 5-7 cm. Le omdala ufikelela imitha okanye ngaphezulu ubude kwaye inobunzima 100 kg. sturgeon izimvu idweliswe kwi-Red Book of Russia kunye Buryatia, njengokuba uhlobo, kunqabile.

babe- fish

Kuba imilambo ezinkulu nezincinci edikeni "kuza" Laziwa eSiberia iintlanzi: zakhele kunye Pike, eyo kunye uDace, Roach zeCARP, Noko ke, kukho izimvu inzulu enaningamkelanga zona, ngenxa yokuba kukho omnye nobunzulu, okunye ukutya, lobushushu eyahlukileyo. Ezi ntlanzi owoyamaniswe nasemathaleni - on matheku nzulu of Lake izimvu, kwaye trout nolwandle kunye Lenka wawa edikeni phezu nemingenela ezinkulu Lake izimvu, kwaye zifumaneka engena elwandle.

Abemi anzongonzongo amanzi

Malunga nezigidi amabini eminyaka eyadlulayo, intlanzi cottoid waqala ukuba angene emlanjeni, ukuzama ukuqhelana ebomini amanzi. Kunye imilambo baza bangena echibini. Ekuqaleni bahlala emanzini, ngoko - amanzi anzongonzongo, ze kwikholam amanzi. Namhlanje emilanjeni kunye namachibi naseAsiya, kuquka iziqithi eJapan, uhlala iintlobo 14 iintlanzi cottoid sedikeni nalapho kukho iintlobo-33.

Uninzi (84%) cottoid iintlanzi eziphila emazantsi Lake zamanzi. Amaxesha amaninzi, bona nje "kuhlala" phantsi emhlabeni. Ziyakwazi ukuchukumisa isandla sakhe, yaye kuphela kulo mzekelo ukuba "utsiba 'ukuba amane - iisentimitha asibhozo ngumkhenkce kwakhona, ohlisa emhlabeni.

Ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi emazantsi bakhetha ukuba bembe esantini okanye udaka, ukuze kunokubonwa ngaphezu komhlaba kuphela ngamehlo ngeenxa zonke. Amaxesha amaninzi ezi ntlanzi zifumaneka phantsi kwamatye (ukuba basoloko ngoko ngokuba sculpin), ababotshelelwe emingxunyeni, kwiingxondorha. Ngowe-1977, abaphandi ukusuka ngwenya zenzululwazi "Pisces-class isithuthi submergence enzulu", kuyabonakala nobunzulu m 800 sculpin ebomvu. Yena wemba umngxuma lolu daka, leyo pick up, iqhutywe kuphela intloko bahlaselwe, sabetha ezidlulileyo yokuzimela indawo yakhe, intlanzi, amphipods.

umbala

fish izimvu ezibanjiswe amanzi enzonzobila, zezona umbala kakhulu abohlukeneyo. elunxwemeni, bakholisa ukuba ezikalini angwevu okanye ndiyingwevu-eluhlaza, kwaye emacaleni mzimba ngokucacileyo amabala amnyama ebonakalayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho iintlanzi, zipeyintwe mbala engaqhelekanga Ilitye elinqabileyo eliluhlaza. Ngenxa yokwanda kubunzulu izidalwa zasemanzini utshintsho kombala obomvu imivumbo ndiyingwevu, pink, neyeeperile izimvi, omdaka, otyheli.

golomyanka

Phezu kwazo nje iimpawu umdla iintlanzi cottoid, i-unique inkoliso yabo kufuneka siqaphele golomyankas. Le yeyona inabantu abaninzi kweli chibi. zokubasa ogcweleyo iphantse kabini, zonke ezinye iintlanzi ezihlala kweli chibi. Kuyinto abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu amawaka neetoni. It is live-obuvelisa intlanzi, engaquki ujungujungu: uzala ukuba baphile Qhotsa.

Lake izimvu likhaya leentlobo ezimbini zeentlanzi - ezinkulu nezincinane. Bobabini zifumaneka kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo, phantsi kanye ezantsi. Golomyanka ngaphandle zooplankton kudla kunye nenzala yabo. Kwaye nkqu nangona oku, ukukhula le ntlanzi yonyaka malunga mnye anamashumi amahlanu amawaka neetoni. Ngamanye amazwi, kwisithuba sonyaka omnye, it ilungisa abemi ngokupheleleyo.

On golomyanka akunakwenzeka ukuba aququzelele ubambisa mveliso kuba esizigubungeleyo imigama emide kwaye ukutya izimvu itywina kunye omul. Amalungu inkulu lweentlobo bafikelele 25 cm ubude (iimazi), amadoda - 15 cm.

LLC "zamanzi intlanzi"

Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, sathetha ngalo ukuba kwenziwe ngumntu kwezibonelelo iintlanzi Ichibi izimvu, inkampani yasekwa ngo-2009. Inika ukufuya ngokusekelwe Belsky kunye Burduguzskogo ezinala.

Ngenxa imisebenzi yalo mbutho amanzi kwingingqi Irkutsk, yaye e Lake izimvu, kubandakanywa, ngonyaka wavelisa Qhotsa podroschennye kweentlobo zeentlanzi ezixabisekileyo ezifana grayling, Intlanzi, omul, peled kunye nabanye.

Ukususela ngo-2011, amachibi ezahlukeneyo kunye Republic of Buryatia, Trans-izimvu Territory, ummandla Irkutsk kwezigidi ezine iziqwenga iintlanzi abaselula bakhululwa ngaphezu.