Toxoplasma: umjikelo wobomi pathogen Toxoplasma toxoplasmosis gondii

Toxoplasma - a sodidi lwe eukaryotes olwaye lwamfimfitha, equka enye kuphela uhlobo ngokuthembekileyo bafunda - Toxoplasma gondii. Esi silwanyana lingaphunyezwa njani nasiphi isilwanyana okanye iiseli zabantu, kuquka kwenethiwekhi, epithelial, ingqondo kunye inyama yentliziyo. Kuba ubomi bekungafuneki ioksijini, ngenxa yokuba anaerobic. Inginginya ephambili Toxoplasma kukho abameli usapho ikati, umzimba apho udlula amanqanaba eziliqela yophuhliso, lwaba cyst abadala. Cats i uhlobo isifo, uphawulo kunye endleni iqanda eukaryote. Kwaye njengento umkhosi eliphakathi ezahlukeneyo izilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu, kuquka abantu kungenziwa olukhethiweyo.

Isifo okubangelwa pathogen

Toxoplasma gondii, umjikelo wobomi apho kwizigaba ezininzi uhamba, ebangela isifo ekuthiwa toxoplasmosis. Xa abantu, isifo ludla ngokwenziwa lula Akumangalisi ngaphandle iimpawu ezicacileyo. Kodwa xa nibona kukho usulelo ngexa lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha xa amajoni omzimba lifinyele (umzekelo, phambi kwe-HIV), oko kunokubangela nemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi nokubangela nokufa.

Ubume bale micro-eziphilayo

Indlela umntu omdala ifana inyanga Crescent. Front amalungiselelo iinkqubo ezizodwa apho i-Toxoplasma ke ukumvumela umkhosi amalungu zangaphakathi. Kuye akukho organelles, kodwa ngaphandle kwazo ungahambisa ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuwatshibiliza, kwaye yaphunyezwa Iseli zeethishu corkscrew.

Driving silwanyana kwempilo

Umjikelo wobomi Toxoplasma ingashwankathelwa kumazwe ezimbini ezahlukeneyo:

• ukufumana esiswini sakhe cat;
• imveliso ye amaqanda kokusingqongileyo.

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba lonke uphuhliso leentsholongwane ukuhambisela kuphela kumzimba ikati enye. Ibe ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni omdala ibunjiwe ngokuthe ngcembe, Siyagqitha, sivela kwelinye inqanaba lophuhliso ukuya kwenye. Umjikelo wobomi Toxoplasma, ogama uhlelo kuboniswe kulo mfanekiso ubunjwe kweefom pathogen ezilandelelanayo ezifunyenwe. Njengoko bekhula, ubukho kangangeminyaka eliqela, uye waqhubeka ezine kuzo: trophozoite - pseudocysts - cysts zeethishu - oocyst (iqanda). nazo Formation abantu abaqolileyo ukuthatha kuqhubeka ngokwezigaba ezininzi:

• schizogony - kuqhekeka ngumongo iseli kwaye ekwenzeni ezininzi merozoites intombi;
• yavelisa amagqabi - ukubunjwa ezincinane ezintsha ezimbini iqokobhe iseli enye ngunina;
• gametogony - ukuzala yi ngokudibana;
• sporogony - isebe emva ukuzala ngokwesondo elilodwa.

Izigaba zomjikelo wobomi: sexless

inxalenye maqanda yobomi ithatha indawo kwi nginginya esiphakathi. It Isenokuba, kwakhona, ikati okanye nasiphi na isilwanyana ezinegazi elishushu enye, intaka okanye isilwanyana esirhubuluzayo. Trophozoites, kanye emzimbeni, ibephakathi izihlunu kunye neeseli zobuchopho, leyo leseli vacuole kunye brandizoitami, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, aguqulwa abe pseudocysts. Toxoplasma gondii ayikwazi ukubonwa amajoni omzimba okanye isilwanyana, ekubeni cysts zifihliwe ngaphakathi iiseli bomthonyama. Kunye nokumelana kwayo elwa eyahlukileyo kangangokuba maxa wambi kutshabalalisa bonke cysts ancedisana kusenokungabikho ndlela. Zandise ngaphakathi vacuoles ngokwahlula Ikhupha ziyanda tachyzoites ngokukhawuleza. Native Ungqabhuko host iseli ezidala ezihambayo baphume, echaphazela liyanda inani leseli esempilweni. Tachyzoites bungabonakala kwaye batshatyalaliswe amajoni omzimba, kodwa akwanelanga ukuba uyeke ukuba ekusasazeni.

Toxoplasma: umjikelo wobomi. Isigaba ngesondo

Isigaba ngokweSondo yokugqibela lomjikelo wobomi leentsholongwane ithatha indawo emzimbeni iikati - zombini zasekhaya nezasendle. cysts zeethishu elinokuginywa ikati enye intaka sifo okanye mouse. Babagqitha esiswini, kuchaphazela iiseli epithelial ye emathunjini amancinci. Apho zizala ndlela sele, ngenxa yokuba kukho imbewu oocysts kunye ekutyeni nasemakhalaneni iimbumba ezimbini anesine ezineseli, ebizwa sporozoites.

Kunye endleni amaqanda ukulungele ngaphandle kokusingqongileyo. Bona ukugcina ikhono ubuchule kuhlala kweli lizwe, enjengentlabathi ukuya kwiminyaka-2, xa iimeko zangaphandle hayi elilungileyo kuphuhliso lwabo ngakumbi. Izilwanyana kunye nabantu ngokulula zaziginya oocysts, odlayo iziqhamo ezingahlanjwanga okanye imifuno, hayi inyama ogcadiweyo, okanye ekrwada. Baba umthombo ekusulelekeni kwezinye iinginginya, kuquka abantu. Toxoplasma gondii yaziswa kwiiseli amathumbu kunye, kunye ukuhamba kwegazi isasazwa wonke umzimba. In enyama yangaphakathi, adla ebuchotsheni, cysts kwakheka, ngalinye equlethe amakhulu tsistozoitov - ziintsholongwane mononuclear.

Iindlela zosulelo

Ngokungafaniyo iikati, umntu ogulayo ongavelisi cysts pathogen ehlabathini, kwakunye nezinye izithunywa izilwanyana. Toxoplasma - a silwanyana apho amaqanda ingaba phantse naphi; kwingca, xa amasimi abasehlabathini, ingca, esantini. Kuzo zonke iindawo apho bekukho iikati azikhulula.

Sithathe le pathogen ingaba:

• Ukusuka ikati egulayo, ingqibelelo luyakrokrisa ukuba amathe yayo, umchamo okanye ngendle hit the iziciko. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlambe izandla ngesepha phambi kokuba utye nasemva kokuba ekucoceni yetreyi cat.
• Xa ukudla inyama yenkukhu isiqingatha womoji-zonka okanye izilwanyana (imvana, inyama yehagu), kakuhle wahlamba imifuno, namaqunube, imifuno kunye nemifuno.
• Zenethiwekhi nazo izinto wadibana endleni iikati iimpukane, amaphela. Emva contact ngokudla umntu zosuleleke, odlayo ukutya ibhuqiwe.

Kodwa catch toxoplasmosis evela cat eziqhelekileyo zasekhaya akukho lula uyakucinga.

Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukuba cat owayephethe Toxoplasma.

Okwesibini, cysts kuvela kwixesha elithile. Ngokuqhelekileyo kangangeeveki eziliqela kunye endleni iikati, kodwa kube kanye kuphela yonke ubomi besilwanyana.

iimpawu zosulelo

Isikakhulu abantu abadli va naziphi na iimpawu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha imeko yezempilo yoniwa nomkhuhlane. Emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa okanye iinyanga, kwisigaba zale sifo iba ezingapheliyo kakuhle. Xa izigulane immunocompromised usulelo kungabangela kobuchopho toxoplasmosic, inyumoniya okanye ezinye iinkqubo ukudumba, apho umntu afe. Ngexa lokukhulelwa, Toxoplasma, elisuke umjikelo wobomi amanyathelo aliqela kwaye akukho kwaphulwa inkqubo kokuthutha ukusuka pathogen ukuya host engundoqo intermediate, enqumla iplacenta kunye engekazalwa lugwayimbo. Oku kukhokelela ekufeni intrauterine wosana okanye kwezisu. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba usuleleko negalelo ekutshintsheni indlela yomkhosi. Silwanyana "ebangela" iimpuku okanye neempuku ngaphantsi okoyikekayo kakhulu iikati, nkqu ukukhangela kwindawo abahlala kuyo. Le Isidleli wenza oku ukuze kuyiwe kwisigaba esilandelayo umjikelo wobomi, ukuba ikati uya kudla okuphangiweyo lula. Bahlolisisa unxulumano phakathi ngesifo kunye ubukho kwi eziphilayo Toxoplasma. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ubukho usulelo ibenefuthe kuphuhliso lwe-clinical okanye ezinye utshintsho nasengqondweni.

hlaziya

Emva usuleleko lokuqala ebantwini ibunjiwe okukwazi ukumelana ubomi ukuya silwanyana. Ukunceda ekulweni nezifo zabantu immunoglobulins. Omzimba ekwazi:

• yokungenelela obuba- yenza parasite;
• ubopheleleke iiseli gciwane;
• ukuwela ngumkhaya, fetal ngokomkhethe kusenziwa ukhuselo kwisixando sokwenziwa.

Toxoplasma IgG ibonakele kule serum negazi, ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal, isikhohlela kwemiphunga kunye nezinye iimfihlelo eziphilayo. Ukuba ezi zithinteli zifumaneka kwi-mali ka-7/16 Sec., Koko waqhuba isifundo phambili yi-Polymerase Chain Reaction ukubona usuleleko esebenzayo. Ubukho i nqanaba zale sifo - usulelo ephambili - ibonisa ubukho DNA ye-pathogen kwi ulwelo eziphilayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba igazi plasma toxoplasmosis nga kutyhilwa hayi kuzo zonke iimeko, nkqu ukwanda ukuhlaselwa.

nokutolikwa iziphumo

Toxoplasma IgG kuthiwe "+" yaye IgM c «-» ibonisa uphuhliso sifo nankathalo ebomini. Omabini manani nge "+" abonisa ukuba kukho usulelo ephambili. Ke ukuba IgM-dibanisa, kodwa IgG thabatha, ngexesha lokukhulelwa linokuthetha usuleleko intrauterine yosana olungekazalwa. Ukungabikho izilwa lwegazi lgm kusoloko ibonisa a result elibi. Nokuba usulelo kwenzeka, kwenzeka kudala. Ngoko ke, ngalo mzuzu nayiphi na ingozi kubantu akukho elide.

Toxoplasma gondii, umjikelo wobomi apho inzima unjalo arhente causative sifo kakhulu. Kodwa enyanisweni, phantse wonke umntu ehlabathini ophila ecaleni nexesha ikati, "amandla" wakhe ebuntwaneni. Isigaba nazimpawu nokoyika esi sifo akukho kutsala ingqalelo, kunye nefom ezingapheliyo okanye yenethiwekhi aziyongozi abantu kunye nabanye abantu ngeenxa zonke kuye. Toxoplasmosis kuyingozi kuphela xa umfazi omithiyo zange sifo ngaphambili, kodwa wathatha i usulelo xa ephethe umntwana. Ngoko ke, ebuntwaneni okanye ibakala ucwangciso entsapho kufuneka egcina ukunxibelelana kunye neekati - kubhetele ukuba lesilwanyana sakho, ukuze umzimba liqulunqe ubomi-elide ukhuselo kusulelo. Oku kuya kunceda ugcine impilo elizayo olungekazalwa ukuze amkhusele sesi sifo esibulalayo.