Evfrosiniya Polotskaya: ebomini, imisebenzi yemfundo

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - i Belarusian yokuqala, yaye ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo zembali, kwaye utitshala Mpuma Slavic. Ukongeza, siyazi yaye njengokuba umfazi wokuqala eRashiya, phakathi abangcwele. Nangona isibakala sokuba ubomi Euphrosyne wawa phezu ixesha xa ubuKristu sele yahlukana, kuba iimbeko phezulu ngokulinganayo njengoko Orthodox kunye yamaKatolika iCawa.

Nempikiswano eziphambili zabangcwele zicingeleka zokuguqula ekubhaleni iincwadi, ngokunjalo nolwakhiwo nezigodlo zabo kunye amabandla, nto leyo amaziko yokwenene nakwezemfundo seLizwe Polotsk.

Wodumo Princess

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya ... igama libhalwe ngoonobumba zegolide kumaphepha ubomi ngokomoya kuphela olwalukho kumazwe East Slavic, kodwa kwimbali yonke inkcubeko Belarus.

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya - inkosazana kunye indela. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, kuba ngutitshala ezaziwayo-kakuhle, owashiya imemori ayilibaleki ezintliziyweni zabantu. Phakathi ixesha langoku, ixesha xa yena okweqanda odumileyo, oko amakhulu ngaphezu kwesibhozo. Kwaye ke kukho nto ayimangalisi kwinto yokuba ulwazi hayi okuninzi malunga ibihleli kwimbali East Slavic izizwe. Noko ke, ukuba ukwazi ukuhlola ukuba mkhulu polochanke abanetalente mfazi-enlightener, ngokwalatha ngokubaluleka zaseYurophu. Yonke imisebenzi Euphrosyne, efana bakuthi yakhe edumileyo Smolyatich K. and K. Turowski, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, uthe uphuhliso yenkcubeko aphezulu, apho kwaphawuleka ngaloo minyaka phezu komhlaba Belarusian.

The Life of Saint Princess

Future St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk wazalwa ngo-1110. Ekuqaleni, wanikwa igama Predslava. Yena lowo, intombi ka-Polotsk prince Svyatoslav (nyana Vseslav Mthakathi), mayibalwe kuba mkhulu-umzukulwana Princess Rogneda nePrince Vladimir. Uyise Predslava na wafumana ilifa kubazali babo, yaye ke ngoko, kunye nentsapho yakhe babehlala kwinkundla umzalwana wakhe omdala - Boris Vseslavich.

Incwadi ethi "The Life of Euphrosyne" yabhalwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-12 emva kwexesha. Umbhali walo ayaziwa. Kungenzeka ukuba umphathi okanye seal abahlala eMonastri, yasekwa iNkosazana. Kukho amathuba phezulu, umbhali wencwadi - umfundi ngokwayo Euphrosyne. Kodwa ukuba kunjalo, oku ibali uxelela abafundi malunga nobomi umfazi engcwele.

Ngelishwa, "The Life of ..." kuhlelo yayo yokuqala kule mini abazange bafike. Isizathu sokuba loo - imfazwe kunye nemililo. Noko ke, sinako ukufunda incwadi izintlelo ezintandathu zikuluhlu phantse 150. Oku isiqinisekiso se ukuthandwa omkhulu mveliso. Enye kwezi zintlu esibanzi kunazo yi Pogodinskaya. Sasikho malunga nenkulungwane emva kwinkulungwane ye-16.

"The Life of St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk" lo ilitye lesikhumbuzo yokwenene i-East Slavic uncwadi hagiographic kwenkulungwane ye-12. Itekisi le ncwadi yakhelwe phezu izimiso ezahlula hagiography. Kukholelwa ukuba lo msebenzi uye pervoobrazets. Bona inokuba kakuhle imveliso "The Life of Euphrosyne of Alexandria." Noko ke, umbhali we oqingqiweyo ka East Slavic zincwadi senziwe iimpawu zakhe kumsebenzi ngamnye. Ngoko ke, abaphengululi qaphela elubengezelo neempikiswano kunye monologues Euphrosyne kakhulu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba zathathwa iincwadi ezibhalwe inkosazana engcwele.

Ubume bale "Life of Euphrosyne"

umsebenzi Famous landulelwa njengentshayelelo buciko, hagiography zemveli. Oku kulandelwa inxalenye eyintloko. Isixelela yomphefumlo polochanki saint engqina liphakama ngokomoya. Inxalenye yokugqibela umsebenzi - indumiso. Apha, nangona yesiko hagiographic, kungekho amabali imimangaliso ziye zenzeka kuhlolwe. Kuba abo ukufunda "The Life of Euphrosyne," isishwankathelo ncwadi iya kunikwa ngezantsi.

Leswo ulwazi

Sebenza "The Life of Euphrosyne" isixelela ukuba ukususela ebuntwaneni yena wabonisa uthando olukhulu umthandazo intliziyo iincwadi. Predslava imfundo yabo, ngokutsho kwenye incwadi, uye wafumana eSt Sophia Cathedral nangapha - indlu, ngqo kwinkundla yenene (olu guqulelo kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi okuba).

Ootitshala amantombazane umntu ngokomoya kuphela. Banika imfundo yakhe, endaweni yokusebenzisa iincwadi zoncwadi hagiographic neZibhalo. Ukususela amazwi ootitshala kunye abathile zabangcwele amantombazana ukufumana ingcinga yokuba imimiselo namasiko olwalukho woonongendi. Science wanikwa kuye lula. Kwiinkalo ezininzi ukuba ngaphambi noontanga bayo. In "The Life ..." uthi uthando lwakhe engaqhelekanga zokufunda, ubuchule enkulu kunye nokukhuthala. In Predslava yokuba ukufikelela iincwadi. Azihlali endlwini yakhe ithala leencwadi elikhulu, apho ukongezelela iincwadi zonqulo ufunda inoveli malunga sokuthimba Alexander Omkhulu, ukususela ingqokelela aphorisms kunye amazwi, njalo njalo intombazana. D. noko kamva yaba nomdla imisebenzi ezichaza ukutyhilwa zenkolo le Undoqo endalo, kwakunye neencwadi kunye nembali yamandulo .

In "The Life of ..." yaye yathi intombi ukususela kwiminyaka yakudala uthando odityanisiweyo yemfundo ngomthandazo okungqalileyo. ngobulumko bayo "chudilis" hayi kuphela abazali. Udumo Predslava wathengisa ukuya kwizixeko ezininzi.

Choice yokuphila

Princess of Polotsk akazange kuphela ngobulumko bakhe, kodwa ubuhle. Noko ke, kwakukho iingcebiso ezininzi emtshatweni wakhe, yena alahlwe ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Predslava uyaqaphela bagqiba ekubeni bayeke ubomi behlabathi xa wayeneminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Oku ixesha xa abazali kuqala baqala ukucinga ukutshata intombi. Girl wakhokela ingcamango inkonzo zamaqhawe iinjongo ephakamileyo yokuziphatha kunye nokubaluleka lophuhliso ngokomoya. Princess wagqiba ekubeni aye kufuna "umyeni wakhe" - uKristu.

Predslava sisondela wayehlala Polotsk umzala, umhlolokazi kamalume wayo Roman Vseslavich. Yena ke abbess, kwaye amncede ukuba abe ngunongendi. Kodwa Predslava ubuhle engaqhelekanga kunye nobudala wayo kwabonakala Princess endala ingahimbiselani izibhambathiso. Ukucenga inkosazana ubudala wanceda ingqiqo enzulu kunye neenkolelo zonqulo amantombazana eziphakamileyo. Abbess Ndanqula ke umbingeleli, lowo tonsured, enika Predslava igama Euphrosyne.

iminyaka emishini

ixesha elithile Evfrosiniya Polotskaya school weNkosi ukuthobela. Ngelo xesha, yena wayehlala woonongendi enye, apho wasisusa isigqubuthelo. Noko ke, kamva wafumana ndinentsikelelo ezalisekileyo Priste Polotskogo Ilii waza waya kuhlala eSt Nozipho Cathedral. igumbi lakhe iseli - ". golbets ilitye" Kule Cathedral Euphrosyne ngakumbi umdla kwithala leencwadi. Phakathi iincwadi ababekuso, indela "okroqiweyo ubulumko" kwaye ukuqonda ngokunzulu kwanceda kujolisa inkosazana emangalisayo.

Yonke le minyaka, seal zange ashiye uthando lokufunda. Yaye ngoxa kukholelwa ukuba imfundo yokomoya yinxalenye zothando kunye nothando ebantwini. Euphrosinia waqalisa ukuba ubhale incwadi, evula bonke ubulumko esebenzisa umsebenzi wabo onzima. Kuloo minyaka, oko kuphela madoda benza umsebenzi onzima. Yaye isibakala sokuba umsebenzi onjalo wathabatha ibhinqa eliselula, ngokwaso a feat.

Ezinye iincwadi, zikotshwe Euphrosyne, waya phezu kwintengiso. Inzuzo efumaneke kule mali ngokucelwa indela zinikwe kumahlwempu. Ngelo xesha linye i-Princess odumileyo yaqala ukubhala iincwadi zabo. Kuzo, yena eyayikrolwe iimfundiso kunye nemithandazo, kwakunye iinguqulelo ukwenza kwisiLatini nesiGrike. Ukongeza, Euphrosyne waba unxibelelwano kunye nabazalwana ngomoya kunye bakhaya zabo. Omnye wabo KIRILL Turovsky. Kulo mzekelo, uMfundisi akazange aye kulwa izithethe esele endala. Wafuna "ukukhanya ukhanyiso", yintoni eboniswa kunye aphezulu ubulumko yabafazi.

Ivula yokuhlala siqu

Ngokutsho "Ubomi ...", uEliya - Bishop of Polotsk - evela ingelosi isiqinisekiso eziphakamileyo kaThixo, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, inkonzo Euphrosyne. Ngelo lixa amandla aphezulu wabonisa kuye ukuba abeke indela entlokweni weemonki. amaxesha amathathu isigidimi efanayo le ngelosi kunye St. Euphrosyne, nowamkela ngovuyo ukhetho kaKristu. Kuba indawo woonongendi besisoloko sichazwa ngaphakathi kumgama ukuhamba ukusuka Polotsk Selco. Kukho kwakhona icawe uMsindisi kwaye ibekwe endaweni yokungcwaba koobhishophu.

Ukudluliselwa amisiweyo Hamlet of St. Euphrosyne iye yabanjwa e-St Nozipho Cathedral. Ubhishophu wabasikelela nguMfundisi uEliya ukwakha kule ndawo a loonongendi.

Le abenzi bemilingo ye woonongendi

Euphrosyne of Polotsk waba nguyise ka Kumbi Holy nunnery. Le isigodlo waziwa kakhulu ilizwe Polotsk lonke. Kwakhona waba indela kunye noodade Euphrosyne.

isikolo girls 'samiselwa weemonki. Okuyiphatha imisebenzi yemfundo Euphrosyne. Princess, kuyo amantombazana aselula, ebafundisa ukucula kunye neencwadi, ngezandla kunye neminye imisebenzi emininzi luncedo ukubhala. Ekhathalele ndela yaye intombazana wayewazi umthetho kaThixo, yaye baba nzima. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba isikolo isekelwe kwi Kumbi oyiNgcwele Monastery, uye waba negalelo elikhulu kwabaxhamla ngokukhawuleza woonongendi.

nokwakhiwa itempile

Ngenkulungwane ye-12 kwindawo webandla ngamaplanga Evfrosiniya Polotskaya wamitha ukumisa ilitye. Ukuze kufezekiswe iphupha wayeye icebiso uYohane. Le indela sele onamava kulwakhiwo yeetempile. Ngokutsho "Ubomi ..." wonke umsebenzi kunokuba ngokukhawuleza. Kakade emva etempileni kwiiveki 30 Euphrosyne wamiswa. Kuye kwavulwa 1161. "Ubomi ..." isixelela Divas ukuba kwenzeka ekupheleni yokwakha. Kwakugcwele kule yokuba inkqubo yokwakha luyaphela, neengcibi ngezitena, namatye wayengazi ukuba ukugqiba ngendlela umsebenzi wabo. Kodwa ke ngemini elandelayo, emva kokuba umthandazo ongcwele, iwizard wafumana izinto wasekunene eziko.

Temple Euphrosyne ayiyeki mangaza abaphandi. Yohluka ukusuka izibonelelo ezininzi ngexesha etyhutyha zayo, isilingi gable, kwakunye zobude angaqhelekanga igubu. undwendwe Mysterious livela, yaye nam ingaphakathi ibandla nangona kweendonga ezinkulu, kuba zithwele iintsika zamafu.

zinto ezo

Emva kokwakhiwa ibandla elitsha Euphrosyne lachitha isebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlu kaThixo, kwakukho yonke into eyimfuneko unqulo. Ndela kuye wamema Amagcisa wazoba iindonga imifanekiso yebhayibhile, apho imifanekiso abangcwele bachazwa. Olumangalisayo imifanekiso yayo ubuhle kwagalelwa ekwayaleni, kwakunye kwisisele eyenzelwe uMfundisi.

Ukuba ahlale yakho ebandleni efumaneke Euphrosinia icon ye-Virgin (angummangaliso Hodegetria Efese). Ngokutsho namasiko, ukuba yabhalwa nguLuka loMshumayeli ngokwakhe.

cross altare

Indawo ekhethekileyo ebandleni entsha yanikwa izinto wenza othengisa best Kievan Rus Lazar Bogsha. Le cross Euphrosyne. Wayalela eyayingunongendi lakhe ngokukodwa ndiyakhele ecaweni. Emnqamlezweni, Walunguza umhla ngqo wokwenziwa (1161) kunye negama inkosi.

Cross of Saint Euphrosyne i imilo-kwakubonisa ezintandathu. Izazi, esi sigqibo luphawu ukukhanya eziqala. eziphelweni amathandathu umnqamlezo kuthetha loo kweentsuku ezintandathu, apho uThixo wadala ihlabathi. wobuciko Zazihonjiswe lomfanekiso lobugcisa izacholo yamandulo kwimbali yonke iTestamente Entsha kunye lokuqala. Cross (jonga umfanekiso) Euphrosyne waba imifanekiso kaKristu kunye Virgin, Arhangela Gavriila Michael, umpostile uPawulos noPetros, i Euphrosyne bungcwele, kwaye Ioanna Predtechi. Xikolo le nto ibalulekileyo ngokwembali amatye anqabileyo namatye.

Kodwa izinto zexabiso othile eqhotyoshelweyo kwezinye izinto ezingcwele ezingcwele. Ngoko, kwi crosshairs aphezulu kwicala phambi emnqamlezweni wabeka igazi likaKristu. Kancinci ngezantsi - i "uMthi woBomi-Ukupha." Kule crosshairs aphezulu kwicala reverse yaba ilitye athatyathwe Holly Virgin, kwaye ibekwe ngezantsi kwisuntswana Ingcwaba.

Ngelishwa, ngexesha imfazwe iJamani yamaNazi, loo ndawo yonqulo unyamalale. Oku Cross, kwakunye notorious Room Amber, njengenye yezona ncwadi ezixabisekileyo zobugcisa, uphendlo usaqhubeka. Namhlanje e St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk eMonastri yi ikopi ngqo amazwi, leyo lwenziwa ngo-1997, Brest othengisa-enameller N. P. Kuzmichem.

friary

Evfrosiniya Polotskaya ithathwa umseki weemonki kuphela basetyhini. Church of St - eMonastri yaye xa yakhiwa umyalelo wakhe. Virgin.

Kamva, aba babini babe ehlala seLizwe Polotsk la maziko emfundo. Esekuhleni ezikolweni zazo, abantu abaselula wafunda ukubhala nokufunda. Apha, ilayibrari neendibano iincwadi zokubhala, ngokunjalo enze umsebenzi icon-ukupeyinta nezacholo. St Evfrosiniya Polotskaya ngokwayo wadala ize emva koko irekhodwe imithandazo kunye intshumayelo. Kodwa ukongeza kwimisebenzi yemfundo ndela yayo nokwazeka kwayo bomhla wakhe njengoko sovetchitsa, uxolo nomgwebi enobulungisa.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ukuba ebudaleni ikwandim, Euphrosyne wagqiba ukuya kwi oluya eYerusalem engcwele. Apho, yona, ediniwe emva kohambo olude, wagula waza wafa ngokukhawuleza emva. Polotsk Princess wangcwatyelwa kufuphi neYerusalem, xa weemonki St. UTheodosius. Ngowe-1187 ukuba kubanjwe kungcwatywa saint. amathambo akhe abantu abangeniswe emqolombeni Feodos'ev Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. Kuphela ngowe-1910, izinto ezingcwele ezingcwele basiwa Polotsk.