ESoviet cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: biography, iifoto

cosmonautics Russian uyazi inani elikhulu ubuntu abadumileyo. Kodwa phakathi kwabo a eSoviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Okokuqala, waziwa ngokuba umntu wokuqala lowo wayengoyiki ukuya emajukujukwini. Le cosmonaut wodumo Leonov. Biography yale ubuntu ebalaseleyo iya kuba phantsi kwengxoxo.

Ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana

Kwingingqi Kemerovo, intsimi leyo ke yaba ngohlangothi West-eSiberia, indawo awazalelwa kuyo cosmonaut Soviet Leonov. Umhla wokuzalwa - May 30, 1934. Abazali bakhe, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov kunye Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, ngaphandle kokuba Alyosha encinane wamvusa abanye abantwana abasixhenxe.

Xa uThemba wayeneminyaka emithathu ubudala, intsapho yakhe bayagxothwa. Uyise waya evalelwe, unina ndawonye umntwana kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele Kemerovo, eneneni njengoko wanikwa indlu yabo nasekuphangweni. Kodwa kwiminyaka emibini kamva uyise yakhe yesiqhelo.

In Kemerovo A. A. Leonov waya esikolweni, kodwa ngo-1947 intsapho, ngokunxulumene ukutshintsha indawo yengqesho umondli, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele Kaliningrad. Kungenxa kulo mzi le usomajukujuku enkulu elizayo imfundo aphakamileyo.

Ukususela kwasebuntwaneni ekuqaleni, A. A. Leonov awawaphuphayo lokwenza inkonzo yomkhosi, ngoko emva kokufumana idiploma kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo (1953) wangena Military Aviation School, apho abathweswe izidanga ngowe-1955. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko ndaphumelela eZikolo profile ohambelana.

uphuhliso Space

Ngelo xesha, kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane 50 kunye 60s XX lixesha ngokukhawuleza ukuphuhliswa isithuba. Ngowe-1957, i-Earth satellite ngumntu yaphehlelelwa yiSoviet Union. dog Laika - Kulo nyaka omnye ngo-moya yokuqala izidalwa eziphilayo wavalelwa orbit. Zonke ke bajokisayo na umbuzo yethuba okubhabha kwisithuba yabantu.

Ngowe-1960, iSoviet Air Force wenza kukhethwe iqela lokuqala oosomajukujuku, kuquka yabaqhubi baqeqeshwe kakuhle 20. Ivela kumalungu eli qela wabumba crew le zobuntlola yokuqala Soviet isithuba. Kule kakhulu ofanelekileyo mabini hit kunye A. A. Leonov. Ngaphandle kwakhe, lo okukuqala German titov, nguDmitry Zaikin, uPavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev kunye nezinye abaqhubi abaninzi abadumileyo. Iwonga lokuba le cosmonaut yokuqala uYuri Gagarin wanikwa. Ngo-Apreli 1961, kwisiphekepheke "Vostok-1", wenza lo moya wokuqala Orbital.

Ukususela 1961 ukuya 1964, vaakelani va wenza kunye titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky kunye Komarov. Eli qela of Vladimir Komarov, ngubani inqwelo ngo-Oktobha 1964, ukongeza ngqwayi, ibe abantu ababini nangaphezulu. Olo ithuba usinike uhlobo olutsha lwe multi-iziphekepheke "Voskhod", owathatha oluthi "East".

Ilindele ithuba labo lokuba cosmonaut kwiSoviet Leonov. Photo naye Yuriem Gagarinym kuyabonakala ngasentla.

Lo moya wembali

Kwiphulo elitsha isithuba kwacetywa phakathi kunyaka ka-Matshi 1965. Kwakugcwele abantu ababini. Yena umphathi noPavel Belyaev pilot elimisiweyo - A. A. Leonov. Mission ukuba kwenzeka kwisiphekepheke multiseater "Voskhod-2", apho, xa kuthelekiswa ne kwinguqulelo yokuqala sele iguqulwe kancinane.

Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi hambo yaba ukuphunyezwa spacewalks oluntu, Ndakugqala ke njengenxalenye yeprogram Soviet yamaYuda.

"Voskhod-2" kunye Belyaev kunye Leonov ababekhwele yaphehlelelwa ngoMatshi 18, 1965.

Kwisithuba evulekileyo

Emva kwisiphekepheke waya orbit, kwakudingeka ukuba ukuphumeza le njongo iphambili ye-flight - a spacewalk. Lo msebenzi ukuba isigqibo A. A. Leonov. Usomajukujuku nangoko saya kwigumbi yokutshixa, emva koko ivaliwe igumbi crew ngqwayi waza waqalisa depressurization yayo. Ke Alexei Arkhipovich wemka iziqhoboshelo waphumela phandle indawo evulekileyo. Yile isenzo kwihlabathi liphela ube eyaziwa A. A. Leonov (usomajukujuku). Photo kokuhlala kwakhe kwisithuba evulekileyo ibekwe ngezantsi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba xa ngaphandle isiphekepheke Alexei Arkhipovich waziva nobunzima: iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni wakhe wavuka, waqalisa ukubila, ukwanda izinga lentliziyo kunye nezinga zokuphefumla. Xa usomajukujuku isithuba sangaphandle uchithe imizuzu ngaphezu elinambini.

Buyisela kwisiphekepheke kwakubangelwa neengxaki ezithile. Ngenxa yokuba le isuti yasemajukujukwini dumbe kakhulu, Leonov kwaba nzima ukubuyela emoyeni kwisuti. Ngoko ke - waphula umthetho imiyalelo - kwafuneka ukuba bakunyanzelele intloko yakhe ngezandla zakhe phambili.

indiza

iziphekepheke wathola kwakhona ehamba nabanye siganeko engalindelekanga. Kwakufuneka ukuba wenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo, emva nqanawa iya kwenza amathuba 17 ngeenxa komzila. Kodwa izixhobo iye ingasebenzi. Ngoko ke, i "ukuphuma-2" kwakufuneka abeke kwimo yokusebenza ngesandla emva amathuba 18.

igqampe ndawo yaba indawo hlathi kummandla Perm. party Rescue wakwazi ukufumana isiphekepheke kuphela ngosuku lwesibini. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngenxa ukwehluleka esizisebenzelayo ukufika kwenzeka kwindawo nezingacwangciselwanga.

usomajukujuku Further career

Emva kokuziphatha ukubhabha wembali, eyazala kukhupho kwabantu lokuqala oluphemeleleyo emajukujukwini, Alexei Leonov bawongwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union. Yena wawongwa bhaso liphezulu eSoviet - i "Gold Star" kunye Order of Lenin.

Emva koko ke de 1969 ebandakanya Leonov wathabatha inxaxheba kule program Soviet yamaYuda. Kodwa emva igqampe baseMerika enyangeni kokuba ngezigaba njengoko yiSoviet Union salahlekelwa ubuntshatsheli US kwi "ugqatso kwenyanga". Ngoku, satellite yendalo Umhlaba alikho umdla cosmonautics Russian. Nangona ngaxa lithile kwacetywa ukuba abe Leonov umntu wokuqala lawela enyangeni.

Ngeli xesha, ngaxeshanye umsebenzi Alex Arkhipovich wafundiswa Air Force Academy kwicala zobunjineli.

Ngowe-1975, Leonov wenza ebaleka indawo yesibini. Eli xesha ke lowo umthetheli-crew, leyo, ngaphandle kwakhe, wangena V.Kubasov. Lo moya kwenziwa kwi-moya "Soyuz-19," yaye yathatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwesihlanu. Ngeli uhambo, yena kanye imbasa nesihloko Hero eSoviet Union.

NgoJanuwari 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov kunye nezinye yabaqhubi esizukulwaneni sakhe walishiya iqela oosomajukujuku. Ngokuyintloko, oku ngenxa yobudala bakhe. Noko ke, waqhubeka de 1991 ukuya kweso sikhundla sesekela. Head of the CPC. Ngowe-1991, umhlala elibamba uMajor General.

Imisebenzi kumhlalaphantsi

Kodwa akukho mntu onjalo Alexey Arkhipovich ukuba ahlale phantsi. Sele 1992, wayiqhubela siqinise, benza kuphuhliso lweenkqubo isithuba. Ukongeza, yena umcebisi esemthethweni kwiBhodi yabaLawuli ilungu yenye yeebhanki ezinkulu Russian.

Alekseya Arhipovicha main azonwabisa ukupeyinta okwangoku. Kulo mzekelo, kuye kwaqatshelwa yi ngamagcisa. Leonov uyasebenzisana lomculi A. Sokolov, aye co-ibhalwe uthotho izitampu zokuposa.

Nje ayinanxaxheba Alexei Arkhipovich kunye nezopolitiko. Yena ngoku lilungu leBhunga ePhakamileyo mbutho iqela le "United Russia". Ngomhla wokukhunjulwa kokuzalwa kukakumkani, 75 yena ngokwakhe wavuyisana nguDmitry Medvedev ngexesha waba ngumongameli Russia.

usapho

umfazi Alekseya Leonova ngayo uSvetlana Pavlovna yi Dotsenko, owazalwa ngo-1940. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, yena wayesebenza njengoko umhleli endlwini ukupapashwa CPC, kwaye ngoku umhlala-phantsi.

Xa umtshato ke wayeneentombi ezimbini - (. 1967 p) Victoria (. 1961 p) Wathi uOksana. Ke Victoria, owayesebenza State University "Sovfraht", wafa ngo-1996 ngenxa sohlobo kunye kubunzima inyumoniya. UOksana kungoku esebenza njenge ngumguquleli.

uvavanyo ubuntu

Ngoko ke, siye safunda malunga ubuntu obalaseleyo kwimbali indlela A. A. Leonov (usomajukujuku) ezinjalo. biography yakhe linzima: esemncinane a langutane ni ingcinezelo kaStalin, kwaye umhlala wazibonela ubukrakra yokuphulukana intombi yakhe.

Kodwa ke, nangona zonke iimpazamo kunye nemiqobo, Leonov ngakwazi ukuba ngomnye babantu abaninzi idumileyo cosmonautics Soviet kunye nehlabathi. Yaba nguye lowo wawongwa okokuqala ukuya emajukujukwini. Xa sicinga ngayo ngelo xesha behlelo nokukhethwa kwabagqatswa, simele siqonde ukuba ukuba onyulwe ebufundisini umntu umele ukuba neempawu ezizodwa ngokwenene ezinjalo. Kwaye ke ukuchaneka kwale ukhetho Alexei Arkhipovich ndizilingile practice.

Inflexibility yomsebenzi wakhe nabalinganiswa kunye nzima kwabonisa Leonov emva komhlala-phantsi, xa, endaweni yokuba umhlala, akayekanga umsebenzi esebenzayo kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu.

Kuba abantu ezifana A. A. Leonov, Russia abanekratshi.