Economy: Inkcazo nangokuxhomekeke zokufunda

Ingqiqo "kuqoqosho" yaziswa Aristotle kwi BC ngenkulungwane III, kodwa ukuvela ezoqoqosho njenge inzululwazi kwenzeka kuphela XII-XIII iinkulungwane, ngexesha elifanayo ngokuzalwa yongxowankulu.

Uqoqosho, inkcazelo elinikwa Abaphengululi abaninzi, ekugqibeleni waba ngomnye inzululwazi esisiseko. Ekubeni ubuso phantse wonke umntu ngenxa yokuba bambalwa abantu ndandingazange ndibe ezivenkileni kunye neemarike. Ngoko kwihlabathi bemihla ezingabonakaliyo lungene inzululwazi ezintsonkothileyo kwaye multi-amaninzi - economics.

A nkcazelo esetyenziswa ngayo iincwadi reference kakhulu kangangokuba: inzululwazi imisebenzi zoshishino kunye nemveliso kunye neziphumo zayo phakathi arhente kwezoqoqosho. kwinkalo yezoqoqosho umdla liphezulu: indlela amaxabiso ahamba ngayo, iimalike zabasebenzi, ulawulo lukarhulumente, iimpahla kunye neenkonzo nemali-eluncedo, ukhuphiswano kunye nokhuphiswano, ubudlelwane yorhwebo-mali, kufuneka, njl Ukongeza, enye yezona ndawo ebalulekileyo isifundo kwezoqoqosho .. mbono kukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Ukumiselwa yoqoqosho lwehlabathi na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: zizo zonke anoqoqosho wesizwe zehlabathi kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo. Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho lwehlabathi ongena omnye norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye utshintshiselwano kwezibonelelo, kwakunye nezinye ubudlelwane zezoqoqosho ezithe phakathi kwamazwe amabini: Iimanyano kwezoqoqosho kunye namasiko, ukufuduka yabasebenzi ngamazwe, etc ...

Uqoqosho, inkcazelo yayo ezinikelwe ngentla, uninzi zoqoqosho yahlulwe kumacandelo amabini ezinkulu: ngemithamo kunye Uqoqosho lwesizwe. Njengoko unako unokuthekelela, Microeconomics uvavanya iinkqubo yezoqoqosho ukusa kumkhamo kwinqanaba cross-kwamacandelo kunye Uqoqosho - kwinqanaba lizwe.

Umsebenzi ophambili kuqoqosho kukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuhlangabezana njani nezidingo mda ngokwemiqathango yezibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo. Imbali uyazi amacebo amaninzi ezinikezelwa zizazinzulu Mbasa ukusombulula le ngxaki.

yabelwa amaninzi 3 ngeendlela wokufama kwinqanaba lizwe: umyalelo-and-ulawulo, engumxube ize ekugqibeleni, uqoqosho emarikeni. Xa kukhangelwa ukuba yeyiphi indlela isetyenziswa kwilizwe elinye okanye omnye, akukho nzima kangaka. Umyalelo kwezoqoqosho isoloko isetyenziswa kuzo States loozwilakhe, apho urhulumente uchaza ngokucacileyo kwaye ulawula nokwabiwa e izibonelelo: iimpahla, iinkonzo, abasebenzi, aze ongeze ixabiso engqongqo. Amaninzi, le ndlela nokungaphumeleli kwawo. Uqoqosho kwimarike, ngokuchaseneyo, isebenza ngokukhululekileyo ngokupheleleyo, urhulumente esweni kuphela kwaye ulawula bit ziyenzeka ukuphazamiseka. Ezishiyanayo degrees ngempumelelo kudibanisa 2 indlela lwangaphambili woqoqosho oluxubileyo.

Ukumiselwa ixabiso lizama i kuqoqosho yembutho kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yonikezelo kunye nemfuneko, kunye namaxabiso kuchaphazela ukhuphiswano. Ekubeni nabasebenzisi ziqhutywa lulangazelelo yokuthenga iimpahla kwizinga eliphezulu kwi elona xabiso lisezantsi kunokwenzeka, kunye nabathengisi bafuna ukuthengisa impahla ngexabiso eliphezulu, ekugqibeleni, ixabiso ibekwe kwinqanaba avareji okwanelisa zombini abathengisi kunye nabathengi. Uqoqosho emakethe self ndo, ngoko kucingwa le ndlela isebenzayo wokufama kwaye idumile ehlabathini.