Intlupheko - yintoni na le nto? Inqanaba lentlupheko. ubuhlwempu Absolute nesihlobo

Kutheni amahlwempu? Lo mbuzo ucelwa onke amakhulu imihla amawaka abantu emhlabeni. Bazama ukuthenga ubuncinane izinto ezifunekayo, kodwa kaninzi abanalo imivuzo omncinane okanye inkamnkam. Intlupheko - yinto web yesigcawu ukusuka apho ukubaleka kunzima. Kodwa real ngokupheleleyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba zifunjwe inqindi wenze isenzo. Musa ukuhlala nangoku, hayi ukulila kwaye hayi ukuba ukubeka up kunye meko. Naluphi na utshintsho ebomini anike ubuncinane ithuba kuphelisa an umona isikhundla ekuhlaleni, njengoko kuchasene namdla epheleleyo, ukunqongophala nyathelo kunye passivity.

Indlala njenge abanawo

Oku kunqongophala kakhulu kwemali kunye kuyimfuneko ukuze ubukho yezibonelelo ukukhawulelana neemfuno ezingxamisekileyo zaloo mntu, lonke usapho, uluntu kunye norhulumente. Umzekelo, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje oko kwamkelwe ukuba umntu ngamnye endlwini kwakukho izinto ezisisiseko: umabonwakude, isitovu, itafile, ebhedini, njalo-njalo. ukungabikho okanye ukungakwazi ukuthenga yenza umntu olihlwempu emehlweni abanye. Kakade ke, nangoku hayi kwiveranda kuba ZUZA kwaye izama ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Kodwa ke imali ukuba umntu ofumana kwi mveliso okanye fektri, kunqaba, yaye nzima ukwenza ikati eziko.

Ubuhlwempu - ukuswela-asethi, ezezimali, impahla kuba ubukho ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba ujonga wonke, akunakwenzeka ukuba baphile, ukuzala, ukuphuhlisa. Kakhulu abantu abahluphekayo ingenayo nemali yokuthenga isonka, ngoko uye esitratweni ukucela amalizo.

imbuya

Phantsi kolu luvo kuthetha nakwenzeka yomntu usenokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. indlala Absolute - akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuhlangabezana nkqu iimfuno ezisisiseko kokutya kunye nesondlo, iimpahla kunye ifudumale. Loo umntu othenga kuphela iimveliso isezantsi uyakwazi ukugcina imisebenzi yayo ebalulekileyo. Yena ngokuqhelekileyo ayiyihlawuleli eziluncedo kwaye renounces ukufunyanwa izinto zabo. Ukumisela uhlobo wentlupheko kunokwenzeka ngokuthelekisa sokutya kunye nobuchule ukunceda ngokwakhe ukubonelela bonke kuyimfuneko. Ukuba umsantsa ibaluleke kakhulu, noosozoqoqosho malunga isenzeko umbundu intlupheko - kukungabikho yokuphila ephucukileyo kuluntu, ukungakwazi ukugcina iingcinga era zingalahlwa uphambuke ezintethweni imigangatho yesiqhelo.

I-World Bank iye ibalwe apho kukho umda. Ngokutsho kweengcali, umgca intlupheko - ibikukubakho kwi ngaphantsi kwe-1.25 US dollar ngemini. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi ithathele ingqalelo indlu, kakhulu kancinane ngaphezu isiganeko. Ngoko ke, kukho imeko, apho ukungalingani kunye nentlupheko kweli lizwe ezikhulayo, ngelixa inani labantu abaphila ngaphantsi kweqondo lentlupheko, lifinyele.

yokuhlwempuzeka

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bazijonge amahlwempu, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba ungaphinda into engekhoyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba imali yabo lingaphantsi kakhulu kunalowo abahlobo, abamelwane, izalamane. indlala Relative - umlinganiselo kangakanani nina abonela sikhokelo emiselwe yi ngabantu ngeenxa zonke kubo. Umzekelo, isangqa bakho abahlobo iyavumelana ngokwaneleyo: Sister kunye nomyeni wakhe ulele elikwiiCanary Islands, umhlobo siqhubeka ezivenkileni eParis. Endaweni yoko, uyakwazi ukuchitha iholide yakho nje eCrimea lwasekhaya. Kakade ke, ukuthelekisa kunye nabahlobo bakho ngokwakho, wena ukubiza usapho lwakho amahlwempu. Kodwa xa ucinga, abanye abantu abakwazi ukufikelela uhambo ukuya iiholide kweli lizwe, ngoko cinga wena amahlwempu eli meko ubulungisa.

Ngokufutshane, ukuhlwempuzeka - leli phutha umgangatho wobomi ukuba zikungqinge. Isoloko izama ukuthelekelela iingeniso: ukuba bakhule, kunye nokusasazwa mali iya kuhlala injalo, ngoko olu hlobo kufuneka njalo.

concept Townsend

Yena ingqalelo intlupheko ibe yimeko apho neziyolo zobu bomi eqhelekileyo ukuba abantu kubomi okanye babe ingafikeleleki. Ngenxa yeemeko (ilahleko kwemisebenzi, ukunqongophala kwezibonelelo zemali) yena, ndayihluthwa abatshintshayo indlela yabo yesiqhelo. Umzekelo, entrepreneur iya kwi-ofisi emotweni yakhe. Kodwa eli lizwe lifikile kwintlekele yoqoqosho, ixabiso zepetroli lenyuka phezulu, kwaye imivuzo yabantu yahlala injalo. Ngenxa yoko, omnye kukulahlela imoto bekekhetha imali enganeno kwindlela engaphantsi. Oku akuthethi ukuba yaba lihlwempu - kunokuba imxinwa iimfuno imali yexeshana.

Townsend uthi zokuhlwempuzeka - oko ingeniso engaphantsi komgangatho apho gqolo ukuba ube yinxalenye enkulu yoluntu. Umhlaziyi ngemisebenzi yakhe wayedla ngokusebenzisa ingqiqo nasekusweleni yoyilo, nto leyo ithetha engxakini nomntu okanye usapho lwakhe sizoku lwisana ubunzima jikelele abantu. Inokuba kukho umbandela luphawulwa iziphawuli ezifana neempahla, ukutya, iimeko zokuhlala kunye nabasebenzi kunye nezentlalo - Lowo ngumongo yengqesho, inqanaba lemfundo lwemisebenzi.

imiyalelo emibini kombono

Inqanaba lentlupheko - ingqiqo kakhulu abstract, nto leyo eye akukho sikhokelo okanye imida ecacileyo. Ngoko ke concept Townsend ichaza kuyo neentsingiselo ayemxinwa kunye ngokubanzi. Okokuqala, ngokutsho umhlalutyi, nokuhlola umgangatho imfuneko, kufuneka ukuba baqwalasele kuhlalutyo ngokufumaneka kwemali yokuthenga impahla ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Xa oku kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwisalathiso (median) yengeniso ifumaneke ebantwini. Umzekelo, kwi yaseScandinavia umbundu zokuhlwempuzeka ingqamana-60% ye- izinto eziphathekayo eYurophu - 40% - 50% kwi-US.

Okwesibini, isihlobo iindlela kakubi kwi wonke. Kulo mzekelo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo eluntwini, umzobo phezu kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Umdla, kodwa ngokupheleleyo ubuhlwempu - yingcamango enzulu. uluhlu yalo hayi enye isalamane. Owokuqala lupheliswe, ngoxa yesibini iya kusoloko kubakho, ngenxa yokuba nokungalingani kuluntu - lo mkhuba zaphakade ineradicable. Malunga zokuhlwempuzeka ukuthetha nkqu kwimeko apho bonke abemi ngesiquphe babe labantu.

ndlela siswele

Oku kusekelwe akukho isixa mali, izibonelelo kunye nengeniso, kwaye inqanaba ukutyiwa kwempahla kunye neenkonzo ezithile. Kulo mzekelo, umgca intlupheko - isikhundla kuluntu, xa umntu akanayo ukufikelela kwizinto ezithile, ngoko wagcina ukuthenga noogxa babo enganeno. Hi xikombiso, le ntombazana Anya ufuna ngeselula. A brand isixhobo esitsha fashion touch yena akanayo imali, kodwa isitokhwe lugcinwe kwibhanki yakhe buqu kwiSabi, akwazi ukuba abe ngumnini ngokwaneleyo isixhobo elungileyo lokutyhala-iqhosha.

indlela ukungalali kukwaquka ukwaliwa abemi ezinye iinkonzo kunye nokuthengwa kwingeniso encinane. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu othenga iimpahla ezimbalwa kwi wevenkile, uyala Barber, ehamba umgama ukusebenza. Apha isiseko umgangatho iimfuno ugxininiso eziphambili ezikhona. Kodwa ukuchaza umbundu intlupheko ngexesha elifanayo kunzima ngokwaneleyo: abantu ukuba oovimba elungileyo zemali, kodwa kwixesha elithile ukunikezela nezinto zodidi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo amaxesha onyaka kule okanye ukuthenga.

Izinto ezibangela intlupheko

Kusenokubakho abaninzi. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bengakwazi ukuphembelela iimeko eyabashukumisela phezu komgca idinga. Kwezinye iimeko, baza ityala iimeko. Izinto ezibangela intlupheko iziinxalenye:

1. imivuzo ephantsi, ngqesho, umbhodamo kweli lizwe, ukwehla emali - nenoqoqosho.
2. imfazwe, ukufuduka ngetshova - ezopolitiko.
3. Socio-medical - ubudala ubudala, ukukhubazeka, yaye inqanaba eliphezulu lezifo kweli lizwe.
4. Izibalo - nomzali, ukuba nabantwana, abaxhomekeke kuwe.
5. Ukufanelekela - kuphela ngolwazi nezakhono, nokungabikho ukufikelela kwimfundo kunye kumgangatho osezantsi.
6. Geographical - ubukho kwimimandla udandathekile, uphuhliso lwabo kolwabelo olungalinganiyo.
7. Personal - butywala, amkhanuke iziyobisi, ukungcakaza likhoboka.

Enoba ezibangela intlupheko, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, khumbula ukuba ungafumana uphume na ngengxaki. Onokuthandabuza ukuba lowo uthi: ". Ubuhlwempu - yinto vice" Hayi, akukho mfuneko yokuba neentloni. Ufuna - into okwethutyana, kuyo na ngomnqweno omkhulu zingachaphazela njalo.

Ingcaciso ezibangela intlupheko

Kukho iindlela ezimbini masihambelane isenzeko lwentlalo intlupheko kuluntu:

• kucaciswa yenkcubeko. Amarhamente lo mbono bathi baseka uhlobo yokuziphatha kakuhle eluntwini: Ukumiselwa, ukudimazeka, ukuthobeka, unxunguphalo. Kunokuba senze, abantu abazifumana kutshabalala, baqale yi inxila isono, okanye ukucela. Kulo indlala Kwimeko - yinto uhlobo lwesifo zamafa ezosulela zemfuza. Iingcali ukucebisa ukuvala iintlawulo ntle, inkamnkam kunye neenzuzo abantu abanjalo, ukuba amsunduze ukuba bafune umsebenzi kunye ukubonakalalisa nyathelo nje.
• kucaciswa zezakhiwo. Ngokusekelwe kulo mbono, abahlalutyi bathi ubuhlwempu kwenzeka xa recession kwenzeka sikarhulumente. obungalinganiyo zezinto ezibonakalayo phakathi kwabantu la maxesha kakhulu sibi. Zihlawula kwakhona ingqalelo utshintsho kubume zemakethi yabasebenzi ngamazwe. Umzekelo, kukho kudla kubanjwa umvuzo eyenziweyo ephantsi ukuze ukutsala utyalo-mali engakumbi.

Ukongeza izizathu ngasentla, ubuhlwempu nako kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba kwezinye iimeko, ngqo kumntu othile, indlela yakhe yokuphila kunye umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente apho kuyo.

Yintoni ebangela intlupheko?

Apha ke kukho iingcamango ezimbini umdla, amarhamente apho baneembono ezahlukeneyo kule ngxaki lwentlalo unyuse iindlela eziphikisana isichasi emzimbeni wayo. abameli zokuqala cinga ubuhlwempu esisenzo esihle. Abahlalutyi bathi ukuba abe into utyhala umntu ukuba enze, yenza kube ukuphucula bona kunye nezakhono zabo ukuba aqeshise ngaso iingcamango ezintsha komhlaba. Ngenxa yoko, uluntu iphuhlisa, esebenza ngayo, indawo yezoqoqosho karhulumente ngexesha elifanayo kuphucula. Le mbono, ekuthiwa kaDarwin, ixhaswa benkululeko.

Enye mkhuba ubizwa ngokulinganiswa. abalandeli bakhe bakholelwa ukuba ubuhlwempu - embi. Ngenxa yazo, indlala akuthethi ukunyanzela umntu ukuba asebenze nzima ukuze ukunika ngokwabo yonke into efunekayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni yokuba nje uya kancinane uluhlu emazantsi yoluntu. Abahlaziyi bakholelwa: ukunqanda ukuthotywa epheleleyo ngamnye, oba lithemba kunye nokungabikho linge ngenxa ityathanga iimfuno zabo, kufanele kube lula ukwahlula izibonelelo ezikhoyo eli lizwe kunye nezixhobo ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abemi.

imiphumela emibi

Izinga indlala - le yindlela egqiba ujikeleze lonke ilizwe. Uyavuma, ukuba abantu baphethwe ubuhlwempu, kuvela ngezikhondo kuluntu liyanda inani mthetho. Ukwehlisa izandla zakhe lithemba, abantu weba kurhulumente, iqala ukuba ukuzuza ngokungekho mthethweni, aloluhlobo irhafu, uthatha kunyotywa ukondla usapho lwakhe. Ngamanye amaxesha nokuba uya ulwaphulo ezimandundu lokubulala ngenxa yenzuzo, ukuphanga, ubusela. Society abaphethwe ubuhlwempu, wayesoloko egula ngenxa yeemeko emdaka. Lubonakala yi yokufa kakhulu umngcipheko ukusasazeka nezifo.

indlala ingakumbi kabuhlungu njengelifa. Eneneni, phakathi amahlwempu abantwana abakrelekrele badla azalwa bayakwazi kwixesha elizayo ukudala unyango lomhlaza, ukuba zizakhele imoto ephaphazelayo, okanye beze indlela yokulwa kukufudumala okukhawulezayo kwehlabathi. Kodwa loo nto ayisoze yenzeke: ukunqongophala yezezimali kunye nezibonelelo kukhokelela kukuba umntwana akakwazi ukufumana imfundo ephucukileyo waba Einstein entsha. Kwakhona waqiniseka ndisengumntwana ukuba yonke imizamo yakhe ukutshintsha ubomi zero, ke ngoko kunyanzeleke ukuba akubanyamezeli iimeko ngokuthe cwaka sizonakalise iitalente zabo.

kwesifo ubuhlwempu

Abo ezichaphazeleke neemfuno zabemi eAfrika, eAsia, ezinye nempuma yaseYurophu. Iingcali ngo-2014 zibalwa kumazwe amaninzi Sivikivekile, banikwe umsantsa intlupheko - umahluko kwingeniso phakathi maleko ezahlukileyo ratio labemi. Siyothulela ingqalelo iinqobo ezifana iqondo kuphuhliso loqoqosho, umgangatho wokuphila kunye nenkululeko, ulongamo. Ngenxa yoko, inkoliso mfama abo iYiputa, Zambia, India, Senegal, eRwanda, Bangladesh, Nepal, Ghana, Algeria, Nepal, Bosnia, Honduras, Guatemala.

Ngelo xesha abantu abaninzi kakuhle abahlala eSwitzerland, eSweden, Norway, New Zealand, Denmark, Australia, Netherlands, Canada, Finland kunye Luxembourg. US simo iintlanga ezininzi oluphemeleleyo luthathe indawo ye-11 kuphela, Russia - 32, Lithuania, Estonia kunye Latvia - 45, 48 no-49, Belarus - 56, Ukraine - 68. Olu luhlu lubonisa indlela elungileyo okanye embi labantu abahlala kuzo urhulumente. Ke yena uya kuhlala ilungiswe, ukuba ukuhlola ezinye imiqondiso, ezifana nemfundo, umgangatho wezempilo, kwakunye namathuba engqesho.