I-Red Book of kummandla yaseTver: isakhiwo kunye nobume lweentlobo

Kukho ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana kummandla yaseTver, laso liyehla ngokukhawuleza. Ekugqibeleni Oku kukhokelela yokuduka ezinye iintlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana. I-Red Book of uMmandla yaseTver laphehlelelwa ukuthintela kwezinto eziphilayo. Kuyinto uluhlu izityalo ezinqabileyo kunye nezilwanyana.

Edition of the Book Red

Kwingingqi yaseTver kukho abameli enezityalo nezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Ngowe-1992, i-yaseTver yoMmandla Council of yamaSekela Abantu wagqiba ukwazisa Book oluBomvu. Yanyatheliswa kwangoko. Iingcali kwakufuneka ixesha lokuba bazobe uluhlu enezityalo nezilwanyana ezisengozini.

Esavakalisa kuzo yePhetshana leeNdaba ze-Red Book of kummandla yaseTver ngo-2002. It abacwangcisi ube ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nezityalo nezilwanyana ezisengozini okanye zinqabile. uluhlu Yakhiwa lweentlobo 269 zezityalo neentlobo zezilwanyana 201. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele ukuba eziqulathe Red Book of uMmandla yaseTver iifoto ezinye iintlobo enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Ubume yeNcwadi Red

Olu xwebhu luqulathe izahlulo ezibini. Eyokuqala kwezi enikelwe izityalo yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu:

• izityalo ngaphezulu (kuquka amaqela ezintlanu - angiosperm, Horsetail, lycopsids, yefeni, bryophytes);
• ulele;
• obude.

Isigaba sesibini seNcwadi Red Data uMmandla yaseTver lunikezelwa izinto zehlabathi isilwanyana. Uyakwazi ukubona macandelo alandelayo:

• izilwane;
• neenkukhu;
• ezirhubuluzayo eziphila;
• cyclostomes nentlanzi;
• ezingenamqolo.

Kumaphepha oluBomvu Book of yohlobo ngalunye ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha. Eyokuqala ibonisa isimo elandelwayo exhomekeke nokunqaba zesityalo esithile okanye isilwanyana, kunye nefuthe layo. I-Red Book of kummandla yaseTver nayo iqulethe iinkcukacha kubungakanani neentsingiselo zotshintsho wayo, imilinganiselo yokhuseleko athathwe.

mhlawumbi extinct

Ezinye iintlobo kwi Red Data Book of ngobume lelo nani "0". Leligama imele kusenokwenzeka aphel. Oku kuthetha ukuba concrete izityalo kunye ezingahlali izilwanyana zifumaneka kummandla yaseTver uneminyaka engama-50 ubuncinane, kwaye ezingenamqolo - iminyaka eli-100. Zalisa Ukunyamalala izazinzulu zabo ningabi. Mhlawumbi ethile kummandla yaseTver, ezi ntlobo zombini.

Enye, kubonakala ukuba izityalo extinct i isarha-Wort. Esi imifuno ongatshiyo, Saw-Wort okuphakama maxa wambi ukufikelela 150 cm. Phambi badibana Zubtsov kunye Rzhevsky kwizithili kummandla yaseTver, kodwa ngenxa yokuba amadlelo kunye nophuhliso iidipozithi kwemithombo yendalo iye kutshanje wakwazi ukufumana.

Ikati

Le isimo iboniswe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi inani "1". Oku wabelwe uhlobo apho inani labantu yehle ixabiso ezibalulekileyo. izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kummandla yaseTver, ezidweliswe kwiNcwadi oluBomvu, ungalahleka ngokupheleleyo phantsi kwempembelelo izinto ezimbi.

Endangered i oluninzi lwezityalo. Omnye wabo - antrodiella listozubchataya (mushroom). Kwingingqi yaseTver kukho imizekelo ekwanti kwi Central Forest Reserve. Phakathi zasendle, esengozini, ziyakwazi ukuchongeka copperhead abaqhelekileyo - inyoka non-enetyhefu. Kukho amacebiso ukuba uhlala kwiingingqi asentshona, kumzantsi-ntshona kunye esemazantsi kummandla yaseTver.

With landa inani labantu

inani "2" osetyenziswa ukubonisa esi status kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kummandla yaseTver. Kolu luhlu kuwa izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, ogama iinamba ukuhla ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa ifuthe izinto ezimbi, ezinye iintlobo zinokulahlekelwa kummandla yaseTver. Red Book of izilwanyana kunye nezityalo olu iwonga, iqulathe ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga amanyathelo okukhusela.

Kwingingqi yaseTver inani eliphantsi kakhulu kwiintlobo ezifana epipogium itshazile. It is a imifuno ongatshiyo, okuphakama isusela ukusuka cm-5 ukuya ku-20. Ezi ntyatyambo atyheli epipogium. Bayakwazi ukubona amabala purple okanye pink. Epipogium itshazile kuye afumaneka kummandla yaseTver ngokohlobo iikopi single kwindawo MAKSATIKhINSKIJj, kufutshane kwilali Alferihi. Ukuhla olukhawulezileyo inani iintlobo kulandwa ekuqhutyweni kwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu logging.

ezimbalwa

Le status iboniswa linani "3". Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ye-Red Book of kummandla yaseTver, eliqulethe inkcazelo kolu didi ezinenani elincinane. Imibono kule ubume inokuba inani elikhulu, kodwa kuphela ukuba uhlala kwindawo ethile kummandla yaseTver. Ezinye izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zimelwe iisampulu olunye, kodwa zisasazwa kwiindawo ezinkulu.

Iintlobo ezinqabileyo kummandla yaseTver ibhekisela hoopoe - intaka Umbala encinane oqaqambileyo pileated kwaye ngomlomo elide elimxinwa. Yena Sawufumana ezintilini esibizwa and District Rameshkovsky. Kwakhona hoopoe uyibone Firovsky, Rzhev, Andreapolsky District. intshabalalo ngengozi zokuhlala - enye yezona zinto ngenxa apho le ntaka kunqabile afumaneka kummandla yaseTver.

Engela kwesimo seendawo

Olu didi kwi Ncwadi Red unikwe inani "4". Yemeko abaqiniseki ziquka ezo zezilwanyana nezityalo, nto leyo musa ukuba ulwazi olwaneleyo. Kwakhona kolu didi ziquka enezityalo nezilwanyana angavume- ngokupheleleyo kwezinye iindidi.

Alisma Wallenberg - uhlobo equlethe Red Book of kummandla yaseTver. Sikhula phantsi kwamanzi, phezu dnah uyisanti okanye ezinodaka. isityalo ezifumaneka kwisithili Ostashkov kummandla yaseTver. Zanyamalala kweentlobo ezinxulumene ukungcoliseka turbidity.

Yokungaqiniseki osemthethweni ngobume ngengqondo eziqhelekileyo ziquka catfish - le angenawo bescheshuychatuyu inkulu. ezihlala kuyo kummandla yaseTver ezi iindawo zokugcina kunye namachibi Zapadnodvinskogo, iVolga isitya. Ulwazi kwinani le hlobo Red Book of kummandla yaseTver aliqulathanga. Into eyaziwayo ukuba abalobi kunqabile abambe catfish.

Bukanomeva French - enye imboniselo kwi imeko yokungaqiniseki. Esi sinambuzane kakhulu kusiwa umbindi kunye nakumazantsi Europe. In yaseTver kummandla Bukanomeva kwenzeka kwimimandla yasentshona. Inani eliphantsi kakhulu. izinto ezimbi ezichaphazela kukuhla lweentlobo, ayifumaneki.

Wachacha Nokubuyiselwa

Ziliqela iintlobo ngobume "5" iqulethe i-Red Book of kummandla yaseTver. Izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zibandakanyiwe kolu nodidi reduced amanani zabo ngenxa yezi zizathu zendalo okanye ngenxa amanyathelo okhuseleko athathwe. Ngokomzekelo, tawny elide-tailed. Le ntaka elinye losapho leenciniba luhlobo ezinqabileyo, esifunyaniswe ubukhulu becala kwimimandla esentshona kummandla yaseTver. Inani labantu yehlile ngenxa kwamahlathi, intshabalalo ngqo kunye ukuphazamiseka ngexesha zikhwelwe. Okwangoku, inani ngokwenyusa kancinane.

Unako kwakhona uqaphele ranatra linearis. Olu hlobo lwe bugs yamanzi esafunyanwa emazantsi kwisithili esibizwa. Ukuhla kwamanani izinambuzane ezinxulumene ungcoliseko lwamanzi. Ukuthintela amanyathelo intonga-intshabalalo ranatra ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko lwamanzi bathinjelwe. Ke inani iintlobo kwandisa ngcembe.

Xa ndiqukumbela, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-Book Red Data uMmandla yaseTver yapapashwa ixesha elide eyadlulayo. Uhlelo lwesibini kwafuneka ukuba kukhutshwa engadlulanga kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba zikhutshiwe yokuqala. Noko ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke.