Umongameli Famous female

Woman amandla kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, akukho mntu uya kumangaliswa. Kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuzoba ingqalelo yabo amaphepha kwimbali, size sibone ukuba ngemihla ezikude maxesha ethu, sex enobulungisa aziintloko karhulumente ukumelana ngempumelelo nayo. Yintoni igama ukumkanikazi waseShebha, Cleopatra, Marii Medichi, okanye uCatherine Omkhulu ...

into emangalisa ukuba uluntu langoku nesidima ngentando na beluthandabuza ummeli kwamandla ababhinqileyo.

Eli nqaku uxelela umfundi ukuba amazwe President - umfazi, kunye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nale oosisi.

abongameli engasebenziyo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oko kubhalwe kwimbali yehlabathi ukuba umongameli umfazi wangena ofisi kunye amathathu anesihlanu. Ngoko nangoko kubalulekile ikhankanya ukuba eli nani ayibandakanyi iNkulumbuso, umthetheli-regents, abalungiseleli karhulumente, neerhuluneli-jikelele, ogama izikhundla kumazwe ohlukeneyo ulinganiswa intloko karhulumente.

Omnye wabo ngoku yokusebenza abongameli elinambini ngabafazi. Ngako oko, abameli imashumi mabini anamithathu akazange ahlale le post.

Umongameli obhinqileyo lokuqala elonyulwe kude Argentina ngo-1974. Kwaya Isabel Martinez de Peron. Noko ke, oku akuzange ukhetho loluntu. Isabel waba vice mongameli phantsi indoda yakhe Juan Peron. Ngoko ke, emva kokufa kwakhe, yena ngokuzenzekelayo waba yintloko lizwe. Noko ke, waba inkxaso ezimangalisayo amaqela ezininzi, imibutho yabasebenzi, kwakunye umkhosi rhoqo. Bagxothwa Isabel waba ubhedu.

Umongameli Imazi wokuqala kweli lizwe kunye yesibini ehlabathini - oku Vigdis Finnbogadottir. Waye waba yintloko Iceland yaye yabanjwa kule post ngenxa iikota ezine, ukususela yesihlanu wala. imigaqo-nkqubo yayo zahluke kakhulu ukusuka engaphambili, njengokuba uninzi ixesha lakhe Vigdis ehlawulwa kuphuhliso lolwimi yesizwe kunye banenkcubeko eyahluke Icelandic.

Women Mongameli azisoloko ukuqala umsebenzi wabo kunye imisebenzi yezopolitiko. Ngokomzekelo, intloko Malta Agatha Barbara (1982-1987 gg.) Ngaba ekuqaleni utitshala wesikolo elula.

Korason Akino - Mongameli Philippines ukususela ngowe-1986 ukuya 1992 - akayi ukubandakanyeka kwezopolitiko. Waba bekhaya, unina kubantwana abahlanu. Kodwa iimeko kwanyanzeleka ukuba angenelele kwimicimbi karhulumente. Umyeni wakhe, sezopolitiko owaziwayo, yaba lilungu le inkcaso abasemagunyeni. Wabanjwa kwaye uphum'aphele lizwe, yaye xa uzama ukuya emva - abulawe. Emva kwezi ziganeko ezibuhlungu Corazon baxhaswe umnqweno walo yaye lizama ukuthatha phezu njengomongameli. Uye wabaleka ngempumelelo kweli lizwe, nangona iinzame ezininzi mdibi (izihlandlo ezisixhenxe kwiminyaka emibini!).

E Guyana, kananjalo owayengumongameli wayo wokuqala umfazi. I-US waba wazalelwa yayo, emithanjeni egazini amaYuda intloko yam - iingcamango Marxism. Igama lakhe Dzhanet Dzhagan. Wathabatha phezu njengentloko karhulumente emva kokufa komyeni wakhe Cheddi Jagan. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngaphambili ukuba wamazinyo, waza - njengoko ngumongikazi.

AbabengooMongameli be-abafazi behlabathi badla nangoko waqalisa ukuhamba ngeendlela ezopolitiko. Ngamanye amaxesha umzekelo abazali babo bakhuthazwe (Megawati Sukarnoputri, Indonesia), ngamanye amaxesha - umsebenzi journalistic (Rute Dreifuss, Switzerland), kodwa umntu waya oku ngabom, besilwela amalungelo abo (Tarja Halonen, Finland).

Abakhoyo umongameli umfazi. Liberia

UEllen Johnson-Sirleaf wakhonza njengentloko karhulumente ukususela ngo-2005. Waba ngummeli wokuqala besini wamhle kwi nesikhundla eliphezulu phakathi iintloko amazwe aseAfrika. Noko ke, bekuya kubiza buthathaka ngaphandle kokuba ophambeneyo. UHelen oluntu eyaziwa njenge inkokeli enamandla unothanda yaye sizimisele.

UHelen waphumelela Harvard, ngoko ke wabuyela eLiberia waba nomncedisi kuMphathiswa wezeMali. Ngowe-1980 yena wathabatha isithuba ngokwayo. lo xesha kunzima kakhulu ukuba umsebenzi wakhe umfazi watyholwa karhulumente zokuxhaphaza kanye bagxothwa kweli lizwe, nto leyo bakwazi ukubuyela kuphela ngo-1997.

Kunyulo ka-1997 Helen - umgqatswa kaMongameli. Eli bhinqa nako ukuqokelela% 10 kuphela kuvotwe. Le kokoyiswa iye ezingenakuzanyazanyiswa ukholo lwakhe ngokwakhe, waza wenza esinye umzamo ngo-2005. Uninzi abavoti bagqiba ukuba Johnson-Sirleaf - umongameli omtsha lizwe.

Chile

kuphela Umongameli umfazi kwimbali yelizwe - ngu Michelle Bachelet. Namhlanje ke kwikota yesibini ka lwengqesho yakhe njengentloko yombuso. Njengokuya kokuqala (ngo-2006), yona akhethwa sisininzi ngokupheleleyo.

usapho Michelle kaThixo ubunzima lukhulu Pinochet nguzwilakhe. Uyise elahlwe oko kuyinyaniso ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni, waba kwicala yomphathi esemthethweni. Xa ndiqukumbela, wafa. Michel kunye nonina, nabo babanjwa kwaye siya phantsi wahlukunyezwa njengoko ngabangcatshi. Yaba mmangaliso bakwazi ukwahlukana ashiye ilizwe. Kangangexesha babehlala Australia kunye waseJamani Democratic Republic.

Ngowe-1979, Bachelet wabuyela ekhaya, wafumana isidanga yezonyango evela University of Chile, waza wasebenza ixesha elide esibhedlele a bantwana.

umsebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko yaqala ngo-1990, xa benza kokucebisana World Health Organization. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, yena ufumene isithuba Entsimini. Ngowe-2000 waba uMphathiswa wezeMpilo, kwaye ngo-2002 (ukongeza) - uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, ukuba umfazi kakhulu engaqhelekanga kakhulu.

Ngexesha eziza kuqala elide: Uhlaziyo pension kunye nokhuseleko loluntu eya kwiintsapho ezihluphekileyo.

Ukuya kwi kwekota yesibini, uMichelle weza kubuyiselo zemfundo yokuqala, wathembisa ukuba enze imfundo free. Kwakhona, enye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo apho urhulumente isebenza ku-2014 - ekulweni ukungalingani.

Bachelet angatshatanga. Yena unabantwana abathathu.

Argentina

Woman umongameli Argentina - Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner. Yena uye kwi-ofisi ukusukela ngo-2007.

Christina oyihlo abasuka Spain kunye iVolga amaJamani. Yena wazalwa e La Plata ngo-1953. Yena nomdla kwezopolitiko ngeli ukufunda eyunivesithi, ukuba ngqo - emva kokudibana umyeni wakhe elizayo, Nestor, lowo inxaxheba intshukumo olukhulu ekhohlo.

Yena ndaphumelela Faculty of Law, emva koko isibini (satshata ngo-1975) aya Santa Cruz, apho wavula i-ofisi umthetho.

UChristine ukuqala umsebenzi kwezopolitiko umyeni wakhe ngexesha lokhankaso lolonyulo kwi 1980. Waba yirhuluneli yephondo, kwaye - ilungu yowiso-mthetho.

ukusekela umfazi lokuvotela umongameli, Cristina, kwaye wayesazi ukuba etsala ingqalelo ngakumbi uluntu. Ngoko xa gama umyeni wakhe laphela yaye wala ukubaleka kwakhona abe ngumgqatswa abatyunjiweyo uChristine.

Ngo-nkqubo yasekhaya, Christina yabamba imithetho emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo, ezifana ukutshaya kwiindawo zoluntu, semthethweni umtshato besini esifanayo, ukuba imizi mali yomhlalaphantsi yabucala njalo njalo.

nkqubo Foreign ijoliswe nokuzinzisa unxulumano namanye amazwe. Noko ke, abanye bafumana ukuqonda kunye nomongameli umfazi ayikwazanga Argentina. I-US kunye UK azisoloko enobuntu iinkokeli Latin American. Ngenxa ungquzulwano karhulumente yokuqala kwenzeka ngo-2007 (xa usomashishini Antonini Wilson), kwaye eyesibini - ngo-2010, xa mazwe mabini Ababa nako ukufumana isisombululo kwimveliso yaseBritani yeoli kufuphi nonxweme Argentina (ngakumbi ncam, le phikisa Falkland Islands).

Woman umongameli Argentina, Cristina Fernández ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kunezixhobo ayikho kuphela indlela acinga ngayo, kodwa indlela. Usoloko unxibe izithende eliphezulu nezinxibo gorgeous. Ngaphezu kanye, yathi ukuba shopping ukutshiseka kwakhe.

Emva kokuba umyeni wakhe wafa ngowe-2010, uChristine wanikela isibhambathiso ukunxiba sisijwili yaye sele kubonakala esidlangalaleni kuphela ilokhwe emnyama.

Brazil

Woman umongameli amazwe World Okwesithathu basoloko izimvo zabo phambili atshutshiswa. Kule ngxaki ongenakuwelwa intloko eBrazil Dilma Rousseff.

Waba yinxenye kwezopolitiko ukususela 1964, xa kwakukho ubhedu yasemkhosini. Le ntwazana eneshumi linesixhenxe leminyaka kuphela ubudala. Kodwa ke zofuzo waba nefuthe, kuba uyise Dilma, uPetros, nayo inxaxheba kwezopolitiko kwilizwe lakhe ekhayeni (e Bulgaria), kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba abaleke ngenxa isisongelo ebomini.

Kwiminyaka embalwa Dilma waba bazimele, ukuxhasa imibutho axhobileyo ukuba aye kulwa lozwilakhe emkhosini.

Ngowe-1970, yena Wagcinwa iminyaka emibini yaye phantsi ebanjiwe. Waye amava ngakumbi, nkqu ungakubhabhisa nombane. Ukusuka esejele ushiye umntu eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, suka kude iziganeko eyoyikekayo, wafumana isidanga Economics, koko wazala intombi nomyeni wayo (kwakhona inkxaso lokusekwa revolution).

Dilma uye waba ngomnye wabaseki Democratic Labour Party. Kodwa 1990 waya beqela abantu abasebenzayo, uye iimbono olukhulu ngakumbi. Ngowe-2003, waba uMphathiswa wezaMandla phantsi uMongameli da Silva, kwaye songeza ulawulo lwakhe ngo-2005.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, Dilma ubeke phambili candidacy yayo ngenxa ngumongameli weli lizwe. Xa lokhankaso lolonyulo, yena wathembisa ukuba ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi, eziquka:

• ekuqhubeni utshintsho kwezopolitiko kunye nezolimo;
• ukuxhasa quotas yobuhlanga inkululeko yenkolo;
• semthethweni umtshato phakathi kwabantu besini esifanayo;
• Ukutshitshiswa isigwebo sokufa;
• ukupheliswa semthethweni iziyobisi ezithambileyo.

Republic of Korea

Abasetyhini abongameli ngamanye amaxesha nababuthathaka esengozini. Kodwa inkokeli Korea Park Geun-hye, mhlawumbi ulungele nantoni na. Kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba anyamezele ukufa kabuhlungu kwabazali babo. Uyise, Pak Chon Hi, owayengumongameli, kwaye ngexesha elinye imizamo ubomi bakhe sadubula umama wakhe. Emva kokufa iqabane lwentloko uxanduva nenekazi lokuqala intombi yakhe enkulu. Ngoko ke, Park Geun-hye ekuqaleni uyazi ukuba ihlabathi kwezopolitiko, ngalo kuya kufuneka ukuba nazo.

kweminyaka emihlanu emva kokufa nonina, waza walahlekelwa uyise, ngubani ebulawa ngo-1979.

Iminyaka eliqela, ukususela ngo-1998, wabaleka ngenxa epalamente kwaye wafumana isihlalo yasepalamente. Kodwa kwathatha kuphela imisebenzi iqela ukususela ngo-2004.

Ngo-2011, waba yinkokheli yeqela iqela saenuri, apho kamva ngonyaka iphumelele unyulo yasepalamente. Kwangaloo nyaka, Park Geun-hye iphumelele yokhetho.

Namhlanje, inkokeli Korean iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesithathu, kwaye singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo iye yaba yinto ebomini bakhe. Zange sele etshatile kwaye kungekho bantwana.

Croatia

Phantse ngonyaka (ukususela ngoFebruwari 2015), eli lizwe ikhokelwe Kolinda Grabar-Kitarovic. Akukho mntu ababecinga ukuba loo dolophana ukhule ngumongameli girly ababhinqileyo. US waba loqalo lwencopho wayo; kodwa izinto zokuqala kuqala.

Kolinda wazalelwa kwilali encinane eYugoslavia, ukuqalela kwimfundo yabantwana yasekuqaleni, yena kwafuneka anyamezele ubunzima ubomi yasemaphandleni. Wakha wathi akukho namnye NATO kodwa akazi ukuba ubisi indlela iinkomo. Mhlawumbi oku kuyinyaniso.

Kodwa nakuba kobunzima yobomi, intombazanyana engqondweni lokufuna kakhulu. Wafunda ulwimi Croatian, kodwa uloyiso olona ukufunyanwa nelamaRafa ukuba bafunde eMelika. Kwaba khona ukuba yoncutshe ngokugqibeleleyo IsiNgesi.

Kolinda bathweswa izidanga Faculty of Sciences zezopolitiko e Zagreb, wabuya waphuma waya US, waba Bemi weYunivesithi eGeorge. Washington. Ukongeza, wakwazi ukufumana uqeqesho kwi kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard. Emva koko Kolinda wamenywa ukuba Dzhona Hopkinsa University ndikwayindoda uphando.

umsebenzi yakhe yezopolitiko yaqala ngo-1992, xa waba ngumcebisi kwiSebe leMicimbi Foreign. Zonke 1990 benza kwimisebenzi nonozakuzaku ukongamela indawo North American. Ngaba uSekela Ambassador eKhanada.

Ukususela ngo-2003 waba lilungu lePalamente kunye kujongwane nemiba Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu. Yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva waba ngumlungiseleli amazwe. Eziphambili ngenxa yelizwe intsimbi Kolinda ukungena i-EU kunye NATO.

kweminyaka emithathu (2008) waye ngunozakuzaku iCroatia eUnited States.

Ngowe-2015, kumjikelo wesibini, waphumelela yaye waba ngumongameli YeCroatia.

Kolinda watshata ukususela ngo-1996. Umtshato unabantwana ababini.

Lithuania

Dalia Grybauskaite ngo-2014 kwakhona kukhethwa ithuba yesibini njengomongameli Lithuania.

Yena wazalwa ngo-1956 e Vilnius. Ngokutsho kwiingxelo zalo, abazali bayo abasebenzi ezilula nzima. Kodwa eendaba yanyatheliswa ulwazi declassified ukuba uyise wakhe, Polikarpas yaba NKVD.

Emva kokuphumelela, wasebenza kancinane ukufumana ubuncinane imali ethile. Kwaye ngoko ndaya eLeningrad, apho wabhalisa kwi University. Zhdanov. Waye wafunda kwiiklasi ngokuhlwa ngenxa Day lezaBasebenzi noboya mveliso njenge laboratory.

Ngowe-1983 wafumana yidiploma yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko. Kulo nyaka mnye waba iqela wabuyela Vilnius. Wafundisa intetho malunga nomba okukhethekile yabo Higher Party School of umzi.

Ngowe-1988, eMoscow, yena wayezithethelela ithisisi waza waqalisa ukusebenza kwi-Academy of Sciences zeNtlalo.

Ngenxa yeminyanya na umyalelo elungileyo kakhulu IsiNgesi, yena wathunyelwa evela Lithuania eUnited States, apho Waye internship kwiYunivesithi Georgetown. Usebenze iminyaka eliqela kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa leMicimbi yangaPhandle, waza waba ngummeli ogunyazisiweyo Lithuania ukuya eUnited States.

Emva kokuba ukufikelela Lithuania eya EU Dahl wakhonza iKomishoni yaseYurophu akayifezi imisebenzi yayo ngo-2009 malunga nomkhankaso wolonyu. Abavoti isigqibo ukuba intloko waseburhulumenteni kufuneka abe ngumengameli umfazi. Russia ayikho kakhulu kakhulu, ubudlelwane namazwe zeli xesha zikwimeko okupholisa.

Ingqumbo yeminyanya ayikho utshatile, akukho bantwana.

Germany

umongameli Female of America, ukuze kwakamsinya ivele kwi elundini, kodwa inkwenkwezi lukhanya Angela Merkel ukususela ngo-2005. Kwaba ngoko awathi waba intloko ilizwe lakhe.

Angela wazalwa ngo-1954 e Hamburg. izinyanya zakhe zombini unina kunye kwicala likayise kwakukho imiqobo.

Ukuya esikolweni, Angela akemi ngaphandle, kwaba intombazana ezindilisekileyo kunye nenzolo. Kodwa ukwenza intuthuko enkulu ekufundeni nakwimathematika ulwimi Russian. Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, waya Leipzig ukuba izinyamekele kwicandelo emzimbeni we-University.

Njengomfundi, yena inxaxheba kwimisebenzi Free German Youth Union, kwakunye ukutshata Uilriha Merkel, kakhulu, umfundi physics.

Emva kokuphumelela esi sibini waya Berlin, apho babele iindlela. Angela waqala ukusebenza kwi-Academy of Sciences, kamva bakhusela ithisisi yakhe. Ngelo inkonzo ndadibana nomyeni wakhe ngoku - nguJoachim Sauer.

umsebenzi Merkel ezopolitiko yaqala emva kokuwa Berlin Wall kunye nokungena kwayo kulo iqela phantsi igama "idabi lwentando yesininzi". Ngo-1990, le ngelosi watshintsha iimbono zakhe waza wajoyina i-Christian Democratic Union. Wayesele nzima ukuya phezulu leri umsebenzi lo, kuba nguye kuphela eMpuma Jamani. Kodwa kwicala lakhe uHelmut kohl, inkokeli yeqela. Ngowe-1993, uye wakhokela CDU kwenye mazwe German.

Emva konyaka, kolu lonyulo ukuya Bundestag Angela ufumana isithuba yoMphathiswa of the Environment. Ngowe-1998, waba uNobhala Jikelele CDU.

Ngenxa kwihlazo-mali ngo-2000 ukususela post yakhe njengenkokheli CDU Schaeuble wamshiya (kwaye phambi koko kohl). A sisininzi seevoti, kwagqitywa ekubeni Merkel uya bavuke eqeqesha qela.

2002 yokhetho iphumelele Gerhard Schröder, owathi, ngokuchaseneyo Merkel, ayizange ukuxhasa inkqubo Bush e-Iraq.

Nangona kunjalo, ngokuthe ngcembe iNkcazo yeDemocratic Democrat, emele kwindawo yamandla, ilahlekelwe yithemba. Kwagqitywa isigqibo sokubiza unyulo lwangoko-2005. I-SPD kunye ne-CDU yafumana inani levoti efanayo (umlinganiselo we-1%). Iiveki ezintlanu phakathi kweengxoxo zaxoxwa, ngenxa yezivumelwano zokudibanisa ezafikeleleka, kwaye u-Angela Merkel waqatshelwa njengentloko kaRhulumente.

UMerkel uyaziwa ngokumisela kwakhe kwe-American, kwaye nehlazo elibandakanya i-CIA wiretapping yeefowuni zakhe alitshintshisi imeko yezemicimbi. Ngokuphathelele umgaqo-nkqubo wekhaya, ngokweengcali, zibonakaliswe ngokubambisana kunye neenjongo ezinkulu, ezihlala zihlala kwi-limbo.

ESwitzerland

Umongameli wesifazane waseBelarus ungumlingisi ovela kwifilimu ekhangayo, kodwa eSwitzerland ngenxa yoko kukhethwe ukhetho lukazwelonke aluqhelekanga. Umongameli wamanje - uSimetetta Samouraga - wesibini umfazi kule ndawo (kwimbali yanamhlanje).

Emva kokugqiba kwakhe wayefuna ukufunda ngokusisigxina umculo, wayengumdlali wepiyano obalaseleyo. USimetetta waqeqeshwa e-US nase-Italy. Emva koko wafunda isiNgesi kunye neencwadi eyunivesithi.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wakhe wenziwa ngumsebenzi wakhe kwiNgxowa-mali yoKhuseleko lwaMaThengi. Ukususela ngo-1981, wayemelela iiNtlalo zeNtlalo.

USimetetta wayelungu leBhunga likaZwelonke kunye neBhunga lamaCanton. Ngonyaka ka-2010, wahamba kwiSebe lezoBulungisa kunye namaPolisa. Kwaye ekupheleni kuka-2014 wakhethwa ukuba abe ngumongameli welizwe.

USimetetta ungumfazi womlobi - uLucas Hartman.