Cyprus - oku ntoni lizwe? Imbali eSipro. Cyprus flag

Cyprus - oku ntoni lizwe? Makhe siqonde lo mba kunye. Kuqala kwinto zonke, siphawula ukuba uzimele geqe ukususela ngowe-1960. Ngaphambili, kwaba ikoloni yaseBritani. Yabantu uthetha isiGrike, kwaye abanye - in Turkish. Ngowe-1974 amajoni Turkish ahlasela i-siqithi awuthimba inxalenye yayo wasentla. Ukususela ngoko, Cyprus ifikile ngaphezu elinamanci amahlanu amawaka bahlali.

Eli lizwe yinxalenye isakhiwo EU, abemi bayo kuthiwa baseSipro.

Territory ngasentla nangasezantsi

Cyprus yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. North elawulwa yi baseTurkey. Zenza kule ndawo ye TRNC - Turkish Republic of Northern kweSipro. Noko ke, kuyabonakala kuphela baseTurkey ngokwabo. Inxalenye yommandla umnxeba elinikiweyo anazo. The Republic of eSipro - oko ilizwe? INkosi. Le ise emazantsi esi siqithi. Ngamanye amaxesha oko ngempazamo wabhekisela Greek eSipro.

A ukungaqondi eqhelekileyo

Cyprus - oku ntoni lizwe? The State ngawo, Kakade ke, uye ulwalamano ebanzi yenkcubeko kunye eGrisi, kodwa nangoku ngokuzimeleyo. Eli lizwe eyaziwa kumazwe ngamazwe, obunikezelwe ngokusemthethweni kunye ulongamo phezu siqithi kwakunye amanzi alo eziyingqongileyo. Ngaphandle emithathu kuphela pesenti ngamnye yommandla, leyo, ngokutsho neminye ukuya isigqibo malunga isiseko weRiphabliki, Great Britain igcinelwe ukulungiselela iziseko aselwandle. Ngokumalunga meko, esi siqithi yahlulwe ezine:

- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (emantla);

- the Republic of kweSipro (south);

- ekuthiwa-Line Green eyahlula iindawo ezimbini ezikhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye zisongamela UN;

- iziseko ezimbini zomkhosi eBritani - "స్టాండర్డ్ uHlobo" yaye "கேள்விகள் iimibuzo".

History of Cyprus

Esi siqithi yeyona inkulu yesithathu phakathi kwabo bonke abanye kwiMeditera. Ukuqwalasela eCyprus kwimephu, uyakwazi ukubona isizathu sokuba lizwe bohlukane neenzima ezininzi kwaye ibonisa kuhlasela njalo zabahlaseli. Yonke ilula: ngokuba abamelwane ezininzi, isiqithi badlale indima isiseko yomkhosi wamanzi, yaba ngumthombo iirhafu kunye nezibonelelo ezixabisekileyo zendalo. KwanamaGrike, owabakhuphayo impucuko kula mimandla, wahlasela-Asiriya, namaPersi, Roma, namaFenike, Venetians, Byzantines, Omnqamlezo, Latins, amaBritane kunye baseTurkey. Amandla phezu siqithi wayefuna ukufumana lukhulu, kodwa amaGrike akwazi ukugcina isikhundla phambili.

Prehistory

Xa ixesha Paleolithic, esi siqithi akuzange kuhlale abantu ababehlala apho kuphela Cyprus ayenokwenzakalisa Elephant (iimvubu). Kuye nje yaqinisekisa iintsalela ezifumaneka izilwanyana. Ngelishwa, bonke bafa emva kokuba umntu Iyakwazi eSipro. Kwathi kwixesha Neolithic, malunga ezisithoba okanye ishumi lamawaka iminyaka BC. Abantu bokuqala bazisa nabo, kunye nemfuyo - neebhokhwe, iinkomo, iihagu, izinja. BaseSipro abasanda kubalwa ngokubonakalayo sakhiwe izindlu lime elinyukayo. Ezinye izindlu ukuya ubukhulu ngeemitha ezilishumi.

Imbali Further waseSipro yenza batshintsha ngesiquphe: malunga 3800 BC inyikima enamandla owatshabalalisa yonke inkcubeko Neolithic. Ngaba indawo yi yobudala sobhedu-ilitye. Ukuba yasinda nezinto ezizodwa - a basike, yenziwe amagwegwe obhedu ecocekileyo.

Inqanaba elilandelayo imbali yesiqithi okwangoku ezinxulumene ne ukufika abafudukayo abavela eAnatolia. Oku kwenzeka malunga 2400 BC. e. - ekuqaleni le Bronze Age. Yaba ngeli xesha yaqala ukubonakala inqaba ukuzithethelela lowo uzingqinayo emoyeni ixesha ngelo xesha.

Point izinto yodongwe besive Iron Age, kukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba iSipro phantsi kwempembelelo yamaGrike. phuhliso island kokubhalwa kwembali baphela kokufika kwe-Asiriya, yaye kamva isiGrike Roman imithombo ezibhaliweyo ukusixelela ntoni kwezi ndawo.

lidala

Kwamandulo eSipro engekazani intsimi ingxabano. Ngo-526 BC yamaPersi wayoyisa kumaYiputa, yaye ngo-449 BC isiqithi yathatyathwa baseAthene. Boyisa amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini umthi ngamnye enye phezu izintso kweSipro ixesha elide. Ngenxa yoko, ababhali-mbali esiwaphawula ngayo namaRoma, yaye emva koko - baseByzantium. Ngo-1191 i-siqithi yathinjwa zokholo, ikhokelwa ngu URichard i Lionheart. Emva koko, lo siqithi awayephantsi Ottoman kunye British.

Period nengxabano intercommunal

Ngowe-1960 Cyprus yafumana inkululeko kudala elindelwe. Le ntetho kuyo abameli Turkey, i-UK neGrisi. Ngenxa yoko, i-siqithi yahlulwa zoluntu ezimbini - Greek kunye nesiTurkish. Umongameli wokuqala uBhishophu Makarios. NgokoMgaqo-siseko ka-1960 uluntu ezimbini liye waqaphela - Greek (malunga nama-80% abemi balapho) kunye Turkish (18%). Ngelo xesha linye baseSipro Turkish wafumana sesithathu izithuba kulawulo kunye nelungelo azo imithetho. Ukongeza, lisekela-mongameli lizwe, kakhulu, waba Isithethi sabo.

Zonke ngengxabano ekhulayo phakathi koluntu kuye kwakhokelela kungquzulwano ngezixhobo. Esi siganeko senzeka ngowe-1963. Umlo yaphela kuphela emva kokungena UN imikhosi yokugcina uxolo, kodwa ungquzulwano ayilawulwa ukucima ngokupheleleyo.

mbho-

Le meko ixesha kukhokelele ukungqubana ezintsha 1974. Ngenxa yoko, amandla yaba uhulumeni emkhosini. Ubhedu umzamo ukuya abanezimvo Greek ekunene-iphiko baseSipro. UMongameli Makarios ndingosemthethweni kunyulwa yabhukuqwayo. Cyprus sibabone eGrisi. kwiintsuku ezintlanu emva koko, abasemagunyeni Turkish phantsi, eqamba yokukhusela imikhosi Turkish zaseSipro wangena ahlala malunga amane ekhulwini imimandla yomntla lizwe. Ngenxa yale impixano, malunga namawaka amathandathu abantu babulawa yaye ubuncinane elinamanci amabini lamawaka wemka siqithi ukuya Status of Refugees.

Phezu komhlaba awayephantsi Turks wabatshabalalisa ezikhumbuzo, iicawa aseByzantium ephanga, amanani amaninzi enkcubeko kumazwe angaphandle kweli lizwe. Eyokuqala ngoNovemba 1983 i-Turkish Republic of Northern kweSipro lazisiwe. Kude kube ngoku, akukho lizwe ehlabathini engazi nto. Ingxaki kwisahlulo siqithi kunye baseSipro zethu okugcina abantwana emini.

imifuziselo

Flag waseSipro (photo ungabona ngezantsi) has a imvelaphi emhlophe ukumila siqithi. Umbala yokugqibela - orenji, yaye oku ngengozi, ngokuba Libonakalisa iidipozithi ngobhedu oluninzi, afumaneka eSipro malunga kwiminyaka engamawaka amathathu ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. Phantsi komfanekiso siqithi - kwamasebe amabini umthi womnquma, personifying ukuziphilisa kwisiqithi maqela nobuhlanga Turks and kwanamaGrike. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngaphezu kuyo nayiphi iflegi ayisetyenziswa umfanekiso yaloo mmandla ilizwe ehlabathini.

indawo okuyo

ECyprus kwimephu ibekwe kwi ekudibaneni kwe mimandla ilandelayo: Asia Minor, North Afrika naseYurophu. Isiqithi asuka entshona ukuya empuma ye-240 km ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi - 100 km. indawo wayo metres ngaphezulu kwama-9. M. km. uhlamba Mediterranean eCyprus, yenza eli lizwe ubenomtsalane abathandi elunxwemeni. Island kuzala ubukhulu becala ezisezantsi ukuxoka, lungqamane kancinane, kwaye emantla - lengxondorha, exandekeni. ubude sabo setotali imalunga omathandathu anamanci mahlanu leekhilomitha.

Linxibelelanisa umsebenzi Cyprus - 35º1000 yobubanzi wasentla kunye nobude 33º2100 nomzantsi.

iimpawu

Geography waseSipro ufumbethe ngokuphuma intaba yayo enkulu mlilo ekudibaneni kwe amacwecwe ngokwezelizwe Afrika Asia, ngenxa leyo Obumbe siqithi. Inkululeko ngokukhethekayo weentaba. Phantse 150 km kunxweme osemantla olule Kyrenia kwiintaba (ubude ubuninzi ka-1023 m) kunye Karpas (indawo ephezulu - 364 m). Zahluke kubume, njengoko wabumba phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko ezingafani. Imimandla akumzantsi nombindi awayephantsi Troodos entabeni kuluhlu.

I langutana ngakumbi kweSipro? indawo yayo okuyo ekwahlukaneni kweendlela lomoya nolwandle yenza kube yinto ebalulekileyo zesicwangciso-Eastern lweMeditera.

sezulu

Imozulu e Cyprus luphawulwa uzinzo nokumodareyithwa. Yena emvula Mediterranean, kangangokuba ubude avareji wobomi siqithi ingaphezulu kwe, umzekelo, amaMelika okanye British. Bakuqala kunqabile abaphethwe zizifo ezosulelayo.

Ehlotyeni, ubushushu isusela ukusuka 25-35 degrees Celsius, yaye ebusika phantse zange sisehla sibe ngaphantsi kwama-10 Celsius. Phakathi kuka-Oktobha nango April, ngokuqhelekileyo lemvula. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lweholide beach - ukususela ngoJuni ukuya kuSeptemba. Abahambi ngeenyawo bakhetha ukuya eSipro entwasahlobo xa iintyatyambo okwentyatyambo. Iintlobo amadlelo eneentyatyambo kwi Troodos ngokwenene emangalisayo.

minerals

Isiqithi yenziwe gesi lobhedu, nezemarmore, kwekalika sulphate (gypsum), udongwe bentonite kunye nedayi zendalo (imbola, lenombolo). Ngenxa ukuthunyelwa kwezi zibonelelo ubuncwane zaseSipro into kwakhona ngonyaka million 32 euro.

NgoDisemba 2011, kwisiqithi (ezantsi elunxwemeni) of igesi yendalo okuye. umthamo wabo eyethutyana - ukusuka 160 ukuya 255 billion cubic metres.

umhlaba emifuno

Emathafeni kunye emazantsi eentaba of evergreen Imithana ekhula. Amahlathi zingabonakala ikakhulu kwiintaba, bona akhawunti ngenxa emiterebhintini, msipres, Aleppo nompleyini kunye Cacti ingxilimbela. Kukho orenji kunye nooAshera lemon. Iyonke e Cyprus ekhula iintlobo 1890 zemithi, zazo zifumaneka apha phakathi, okt. E. ngqo ukuya entsimini. Emahlathini uyakwazi ukufumana anemones, kunye amaqashiso ezingenabantu kunye roadsides - asphodel. Kumaxesha amandulo ukuba babegqalwa abathunywa obufihlakeleyo kwelabafileyo.

jikelele silwane

Izilwanyana saseSipro ingabi zizityebi nje izihluma. Kukho kuhlala yasendle, amacilikishe, namalovane, amahobe, imivundla zasendle, weasels, iinyoka kunye nomatse. Iintaka kwi siqithi iintlobo ngaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu, phakathi kwabo Jay, amabele ezinkulu, Dipper, crossbill, Ingekalili crested, larks, iinkozi Imperial, iinightingale kunye oontloyiya.

inkolo

Uninzi bakuqala babambelele kunqulo lwamaKristu. Kwi siqithi kukho iicawa ezininzi Orthodox. Ngokutsho komthetho, unqulo eyahlukileyo evela kurhulumente. Wonke umhlali ukhululekile ukuba ukhethe ukholo lwabo. Umzekelo, eCyprus amaKristu namaYuda, kunye Islamists, kwaye amaHindu ophilileyo.

izinto

Cyprus - oku ntoni lizwe? Independent futhi mihle! Iingcali lidala umdla ngamabhodlo izixeko zamandulo, yoonongendi, iitempile kunye zokuhlala. Yobuninzi ezikhumbuzo ngenxa yokuba kumaxesha amandulo isiqithi yayiliziko lorhwebo lweMeditera yaba kwindawo yonqumlo kweendlela yolwandle kumaXesha Aphakathi kunye.

Nicosia

Esi sixeko - enye endala ehlabathini. Nicosia isekhona kwinkulungwane yeshumi waba ubume ezinkulu siqithi ngayo. Okwangoku oko kumiselwa ncam xa dolophu yasekwa. Imikhondo abantu bokuqala ziphantsi Bronze Age. Ngelo xesha isixeko elinye igama - Ledra.

Okwangoku iyahlula Nicosia umgca kwemida, kodwa oko akuthethi imke charm yayo. Inxalenye engundoqo umzi engqongwe ngamasango kweendonga yelo xesha, eyakhiwa 1570, yaye zilikhusi elikhulu ilitye. It has a uyilo iphiramidi ebonisa kwaye kuthiwa Old Nicosia.

Le wobugcisa kunazo bokwakha ingqalelo Nicosia Famagusta Gate, ngaphakathi nginginya imiboniso nantambama zomculo. Kumbindi wesixeko ungabona izindlu ilimestone endala, bahamba ecaleni Freedom Square kuvelela iivenkile umdla, iivenkile zekofu kunye zokutyela.

Sondela Famagusta Isango ibandla endala Byzantine Hrisaliniotissa, wakha umva ngo-1450.

Kwaye ngaphandle kweendonga yelo yinto bancome. Ngoko ke, endaweni okwabangela yahlukana ipaki sixeko. Le ndawo kufana akukho enye owenza sibethwe ngumoya. Kufutshane ke Museum of eSipro. Elinesine iiholo alo imiboniso ezininzi zakudala.

Limassol

Esi sixeko - yesibini ngobukhulu emva Nicosia, ibekwe kunxweme olusemazantsi siqithi. Akakho endala elikomkhulu, kodwa kutsala abaninzi abakhenkethi Bulelani akukho kumanxweme ngaphantsi entle iiholide. Phakathi yokugqibela - Tsentralos, Amatos kunye Yermasoyas. Ukongeza, e Limassol kukho zesikhumbuzo umdla zembali, phakathi ngisho ilitye behlonipha Pushkin.

Kufuphi nedolophu i Troodos siqithi - big imithi emihle. indawo yaso yokuhlala yamandulo abalawuli - Kolossi Castle, eyakhiwe yi-Knights Hospitaller. Yaququzelelwa kumgangatho mkhanya inqaba, nelinika iimbono imangalisayo kwindawo ezingqongileyo.

eAmathus

Le yenye kwisixeko samandulo eSipro. Okwangoku, abanye mabhodlo bashiya. Yaye yasekwa ukuba yasekwa malunga neminyaka eliwaka ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. I eAmathus baze bakhule kwiminyaka engamakhulu amathandathu elandelayo. In a VII. BC isixeko uhlaselwe Arabhu. Nabanqobi wamsindisa eAmathus, ngenxa yoko, ukuba kakubi kakhulu yonakele. Ekugqibeleni yachithwa umzi, uRichard i Lionheart. On-site abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumanisa emanxuweni maqula, ingcwele Aphrodite, inkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi kunye Basilica kwexesha lamaKristu okuqala.

ebumelwaneni eAmathus ngaphandle kwesizathu kuthiwa Riviera zaseSipro - amalwandle apha gorgeous, imozulu enkulu, iihotele ephucukileyo, zokutyela ukunyusa, cafes kunye ema.

Wommeli-ikomkhulu Russia

Indlela ukufumana mvume lokundwendwela kwisiqithi echazwe? Ukuze wenze oku, tyelela i Embassy of eSipro. E Moscow, ukuba ibekwe kule dilesi: ul. Cook, iiyure 9 - ukususela 9:30 ukuya 16:30. Kulo mzekelo, amaxwebhu kuthatha iiyure ezimbini le mini, kwaye ninikele ukusuka emibini ukuya kwemithathu. Zoba i-visa ukusuka kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya elinesine. Okwangoku, intlawulo mvume yi euro-15.

isiphelo

Cyprus - ndisesiqithini ilizwe? Siye safumanisa ukuba njengangoku okuzimela. Le meko ke ayinakho ukuba nayiphi na isiGrike okanye Turkish. Kungenxa yoko le nto umbuzo ngawo ilizwe waseSipro, akulungile, kwaye nokuba ebuhlungu iimvakalelo zabantu bendawo.