Cuke Ukutyeba: nokuqhuba imigaqo, imiyalelo, abenzi, ncomo

Cuke silinganiso ububanzi na indlela non-entshabalalo yokuqingqa ububanzi isixhobo-macala. Kuyinto fast, ethembekileyo, isebenziseka, kwaye, xa nshita micrometer okanye imbi, ayifuni ufikelelo omabini amacala into. Nabenzi boluvo lokuqala zorhwebo, esebenzisa umgaqo sonar, wabonakala 1940. izixhobo ezincinane eziphathwayo, olulungiselelwe uluhlu olubanzi izicelo, aye ivamile-1970. Kunye noyilo technology isilawuli zikhokelele kwinqanaba elitsha ngqo, elula miniaturization.

izixhobo Production inxaxheba inani elikhulu yeenkampani ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Phakathi kwabo - inkampani yaseJamani Siemens, American Dakota Ultrasonics, British Cygnus. ERashiya, yamacebo enziwe kwakhona ziinkampani ezifana SPF "AKS" NPK "Ilitha", SPC "MaksProfit" kunye nabanye.

Yintoni lingaba nokulinganiswa?

Cishe nazo eqhelekileyo impahla yokwakha inokujongwa kwindlela ngokusebenzisa ultrasound. abenzi boluvo cuke ingaqwalaselwa isinyithi, iiplastiki, zisasilela, iglasi, iseramikhi kunye neglasi. Kwakhona imilinganiselo kunokwenzeka zeplastiki extruded kwaye ezityikitywe inkqubo yokuvelisa - zomaleko nanjengokuba abahlukene okanye Ipeyinti, kunye namanqaku multilayer, ulwelo kunye iisampulu eziphilayo. Omnye umsebenzi apho nje kuyimfuneko ubukhulu cuke, - ukumiselwa Ebubanzini ngezitena kunye neziseko ngekhonkrithi, itela namatye. Loo ndlela yokubala phantse lonke non-otshabalalisayo akudingi iziko ukusika okanye disassembly.

Zokwakha ezingekho ezifanelekileyo yemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo cuke ngenxa yokudlulisela iintsizana amaza aphezulu rhoqo, iquka iinkuni, iphepha, ikhonkrithi kunye neemveliso foamed.

Indlela yokulinganisa?

amandla Isandi be yenziwe ngaphezu kumaza omoya ububanzi. An isandi oluvakalayo na ulungiso-20 ukuya ku-20 kHz. Ukuba uphakamile lo rhoqo, kungona ithoni waqonda. Amandla ezineqondo ephezulu ngaphaya ezindlebeni zabantu, ebizwa ultrasound. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuhlolwa cuke oluqhutywa ukubanjwa kuluhlu 500 kHz 20 MHz, nangona ezinye izixhobo ezizodwa ifikelela 50 kHz okanye 100 MHz. Enoba amaza, amandla sonic yi intlokoma mechanical esukela a eliphakathi echazwe, ezifana umoya okanye intsimbi, ngokuhambelana nemithetho ezingundoqo ngamaza physics.

Kuba imilinganiselo usebenzisa cuke udonga ubukhulu gauge. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo ifowuni iqulathe ekubaleni ngqo ixesha ukubetha lothutho phenyo encinane (transducer) ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo into, kubonakala kumphezulu wayo yangaphakathi okanye udonga distal. Ekubeni amaza omsindo abonakale imida phakathi izinto ezingafani, silinganiso uqobo eyenziwa ngesandla mnye, kwi "ukubetha / echo".

Le transducer iqulathe element piezoelectric leyo yitile yi ukubetha kwentliziyo zombane emfutshane ukwenza amaza ekhethekileyo cuke. Baya kuthunyelwa umbandela elilinganisiweyo, idlule, ibuye de ube nazo udonga umva okanye enye mqobo. Iliza eboniswe ubuyela transducer oguqula intlokoma mechanical zibe amandla ombane. Enyanisweni, iigeji ubukhulu cuke ukumamela umsebenzi ntlokoma ukusuka wacezela phaya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lekhefu phakathi kwalowo umthumileyo kunye uphawu ibonakala kuphela buyakwazi ezimbalwa owesibini. Icebo efakiwe data kwi le uqina isandi kwi material apho kuyo ke ukubala Ebubanzini ngokusebenzisa ubudlelwane elula zezibalo: d = V t / 2, apho:

• d - Ebubanzini inxenye;
• V - Velocity of ephilileyo;
• t - kulinganiswa xesha sicatshulwa yesandi.

An parameter ebalulekileyo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isantya isandi kwi into phantsi Nesifundo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yale ukubala. izinto ezahlukeneyo adlulisela amaza omsindo eyahlukileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi eziqinileyo ngaphezu kwayo, kunye soft - ngezantsi. Ukongeza, oku ingahluka kakhulu kunye lobushushu. Ngelo xesha kufuneka kusoloko ukukala usebenzsa ubukhulu cuke ukuba ngesantya umbandela elilinganisiweyo, ukusuka apho kuxhomekeke ngqo ukuchaneka yokufundwa.

amaza omsindo kwi MHz zisukela emoyeni uvavanyo embi, ngoko ukuphucula ugqithiso isandi phakathi emitter kunye isampuli ibekwe nethontsi nokuhlangana fluid. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le couplant wasebenzisa glycerol, propylene ethers, amanzi, i-oyile kunye gel. Kuphela nje encinci ulwelo ukuvala umsantsa umoya obhityileyo kakhulu.

iindlela yokukala

Abavelisi ubukhulu cuke umlinganiselo kunelixesha lokuphumla amandla edlula ndlovu zovavanyo ngeendlela ezintathu:

1. Isithuba phakathi ukubetha excitation, nto leyo elenza a isandi kunye intlokoma yokuqala bebuya thabatha ixabiso elincinane ukulinganisa, ukubambezeleka lisisiqalo kwi sixhobo, kwaye cable Converter.
2. Ixesha lekhefu phakathi ntlokoma wabuya phezu isampuli kunye yokuqala yabonisa zisaqhubeka.
3. Isithuba phakathi ntlokoma amabini alandelelanayo ezantsi.

Ukukhetha ngokuqhelekileyo lisibeka uhlobo transducer, kunye neemfuno isicelo esithile. Imowdi lokuqala isetyenziswa ne zincwadi Womenzi zoqhagamshelwano kwaye Kucetyiswa ukuba izicelo ezininzi. Umgca ukulibaziseka yesibini transducers langoku okanye ukuntywiliselwa isicelo ukuya phakathi kwaye iindawo khaxa kwindawo evaliweyo, ngokuba ilinganisa izinto elihambayo okanye izinto aphezulu obushushu.

Imowdi wesithathu kwakhona isebenzisa umgca ukulibaziseka okanye abenzi ukuntywiliselwa kwaye kudla ibonelela ukuchaneka omkhulu best isisombululo ubuncinane ubukhulu. kusetyenziswa Ngokuqhelekileyo xa imilinganiselo umgangatho indlela yokuqala okanye yesibini akwanelisi. Nangona kunjalo, le indlela yamva ilungele kuphela izixhobo ezivelisa ntlokoma ezicocekileyo ezininzi, njengokuba umthetho, kunye damping eliphantsi njengoko zesinyithi ngokuhle kakhulu-olungisiweyo, iglasi, ngodongwe.

iintlobo ezimbini izixhobo

Cuke yokulinganisa Ebubanzini zidla zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini: ngokudleka ngqo. Enye izicelo ibalulekileyo ukumiselwa ububanzi beendonga zesinyithi intsalela yemibhobho, neempahla, amacandelo zesakhiwo yogcino nenokuthi maxa wambi ichaphazeleke umhlwa lwangaphakathi ayinaku zingabonakali kongaphandle. gauge babulingana nesandla, umhlwa cuke kwaye zenzelwe ukulungiselela le njongo. Basebenzisa iindlela zokwenza uphawu ukuba olulungiselelwe efumanise intsalela ububanzi eludongeni kancinci iisampulu erhabaxa, ngumhlwa kunye nabenzi boluvo element-ezimbini ezizodwa.

Kwezinye iimeko, lucebisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngqo kunye converters single - kuba isinyithi, iiplastiki, fiberglass, zisasilela, irabha kunye neeseramiki. Ngenxa ezininzi abenzi boluvo bezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ngqo, nto leyo kulinganisa kunye ukuchana ± 0.025 mm okanye ngaphezulu, ingaphezulu kuphando umhlwa.

Standard yokulinganisa ubukhulu cuke zihlelwe yi injongo, sisidanga esizisebenzelayo, ukukhuselwa nokubhenca kokusingqongileyo, ukumelana noxinzelelo ngoomatshini, kwaye imisela nezalathiso zazo eziphambili.

iintlobo converters

• Iinkcukacha transducers zisetyenziswa ukudibana ngqo uvavanyo isampula. Imilinganiselo kunye nabo lula, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
• Converters umgca ukulibaziseka ziquka zeplastiki, epoxy okanye itankana zwi njengomthetheli phakathi element esebenzayo kunye uvavanyo into. Isizathu esiyintloko yokusebenzisa - Ukulinganiswa izinto ezingcakacileyo, apho kubalulekile ukuba ukwahlukanisa pulses excitation ukusuka msindo ezantsi. Umgca delay ayanceda yokwambathisa ubushushu, ukukhusela lobushushu tshin ezibuthathaka element zidibane ngqo izinto ezishushu. Kwakhona, oko kuyilwa, ukuphucula ukubambelela kwi phakathi ezibukhali okanye indawo khaxa.
• transducers ngwenya lokubonelela amandla ive ukuba element yokulinganisa usebenzisa ibhafu yamanzi okanye umhlathi. Zisetyenziswa zokulinganisela ezihamba, ngokuba ukukrwaqula ukufumana okanye noun kokubonisa phambi elibukhali radii, vee okanye imijelo.
• Converters iziqalelo ezimbini zisetyenziswa shirinomerah bako yokuqingqa ububanzi bezinto kunye rough, umphezulu konakalisa. It iqulathe yokudlulisela eyahlukileyo nokufumana element efakwe kwi engile kancinane umgca ukulibaziseka ukuya ingqalelo amandla kumgama ekhethiweyo ngaphantsi komhlaba isampuli kulinganiswa. Nangona imilinganiselo efana azikho ngokuchaneke nezinye iintlobo boluvo, zikholisa ukunika komsebenzi eziphezulu kakhulu.

Cuke Gauge Ubukhulu: umyalelo

Ukulungiselela transducer womlinganiselo kufuneka adityaniswe kwi isixhobo, sivule ngomhla, ukumisela isantya isandi kunye uyenze. Ukuze wenze oku, sigcobe yesixhobo zoqhagamshelwano ngomgangatho yongqanianiso, uqhoboshele woluvo kwaye unike Imo Ukulinganiswa. Le nkqubo kufuneka yenziwe emva kokutshintsha inverter okanye ibhetri. Zabo ekulinganisweni ubukhulu ezaziwayo kunye nesantya nesandi.

Kuba imilinganiselo kufuneka isicelo ukuya kumphezulu into nokwenza sensor arhente qha. Isiphumo siboniswe kwidispleyi. Unako ukusebenzisa ifowuni ikwimo scan, umzekelo, ukuba bafune Ebubanzini zincinane eziphathekayo. Kungenzeka kwakhona ukuba uqwalasele i alarm ukuchonga iindawo apho ubungakanani ludonga ngaphantsi kwenani elimisiweyo.

Sokulinganisa isantya yesandi emele kulinganiswa imbi into okanye micrometer, qhoboshela Converter kanye ulinde isiphumo. Ngokubeka ixabiso pre-Wayilinganisa, cofa iqhosha ukugcina data kwinkumbulo. Ezinye izixhobo ukuba ugqithiso lwedata kwi-PC.

Ukutyeba cuke: ncomo

Abasebenzisi unethemba ukuhlola ubungakanani compact, usebenziso olulula, ukuthembeka, lula ekulinganisweni kwezixhobo zale mihla. Iingcali qaphela engekho ngezinye iingcinga zabo olu hlobo xa ehlolisisa ngemeko iimoto, umgangatho zokusebenza uzinzo. Le fowuni yenza kube lula ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba isithuthi repaint yaye nokuba oko wabandakanyeka kwingozi. Ubukhulu, apho kungekho couplant efunekayo, kwakunye ikwazi ukuphumeza self-sandi, kakhulu zithandwa.

Izinto kunye noluhlu

Cuke ubukhulu, umgaqo yayo ezikhethiweyo kuxhomekeke ekwakhiweni, yokulinganisa, uluhlu, geometry, ubushushu, iimfuno nokuchaneka kunye nezinye iimeko kunokwenzeka, maxa wambi nje ufunwayo.

uhlobo eziphathekayo kunye nobungakanani ngokwemilinganiso zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwisixhobo yokhetho kunye inverter. izinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa iintsimbi ezininzi, iiseramikhi kunye negilasi, ultrasound eyenziwa ngempumelelo kakhulu yaye zikwavumela ukuba imilinganiselo kwiimeko ngokubanzi. Uninzi iiplastiki ziya lokunciphisa amandla kwaye ngoko elinganiselwe ubuninzi uluhlu balo babulingana nesandla, kodwa inkoliso iimeko zomsebenzi womlinganiselo akuthethi kunokubangela iingxaki. Irabha, fiberglass kunye nezinto ezininzi edityanisiweyo ukufunxa Lomelele yaye zifuna zidlulisele ngakumbi baze abanye balwamkele ukuba ilungiselelwe ukusebenza xa ezitsho eliphantsi.

Ukutyeba kugqiba uhlobo lokuguqulela. izinto Thin alinganiswa kwi ezitsho aphezulu nepeni okanye damping - phantsi. Ngokuba izinto mncane kakhulu kusetyenziswa umgca ukulibaziseka, nangona bathe, kwakunye transducers ngwenya kulinganiselwe imilinganiselo Ebubanzini ngenxa kuphazamiseko ukusuka msindo ezininzi. Kwimeko bezinto ububanzi okanye izinto eziquka izinto ezininzi kusenokufuna iindidi ezahlukeneyo abenzi boluvo.

Ugobile wobuso

Ngenxa yokwanda ukwanela ugobile umphezulu zoqhagamshelwano phakathi transducer kunye into ukuze kulinganiswe lifinyele, nokho ngokunciphisa radius amagophe kufuneka inokuncitshiswa Isisombululo woluvo. Nesilinganiso radii encinane kakhulu angafuna ukusetyenziswa imigca ukulibaziseka okanye licwecwe transducers ngwenya. Kananjalo isetyenziselwe imilinganiselo e vee, angabi nemingxuma kunye nezinye iindawo ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo.

lobushushu

Iinkcukacha transducers isebenza ngokubanzi ukuya into kubushushu we 50 ° C. izinto Okuninzi hot zingonakalisa woluvo ngenxa isiphumo lokwanda thermal. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka usoloko usebenzisa inverters ne umgca kokulibazisa, kukho ubushushu-enganyangekiyo, iqondo eliphezulu okanye ukuntywiliselwa isivamvo iziqalelo ezimbini.

Kwezinye iimeko, kunye eliphantsi ive ukuvimba into (mninzi liphindaphindwe Velocity of isandi) enxulumene noko eziphathekayo kunye ukuvimba eliphezulu ive. yimizekelo ephawulekayo - le iplastiki, irabha kunye negilasi enamathela ngentsimbi okanye ezinye iintsimbi, iglasi nokwaleka polymeric. Kulo mzekelo intlokoma ukususela kumda phakathi izinto ezimbini ziya fazoinvertirovannym - zocaphulo ngokuphathelele lo msindo ukususela kumda kunye nomoya. Oku ukulungiswa nje ukutshintsha izicwangciso yesixhobo, kodwa ukuba kwenziwa nto, ngoko ke ukufunda uya kuba ayichananga.

imposiso

Ukuchana wemilinganiso lichatshazelwe imiba emininzi, kuquka ukuqinisekiswa usebenzsa ubukhulu cuke kunye umlinganiselo kwimibhobho zabo, Velocity zifane kweli kweziyobisi, eziphango kunye ukusasazeka nesandi, umphezulu uburhabaxa kunye umphezulu ugobile, unxibelelwano kunye okukhona ezantsi. Ukuchaneka yimpumelelo kakhulu usebenzisa imigangatho ubungakanani eyaziwa. Kunye olufanelekileyo imposiso yongqanianiso ubukhulu cuke ye ± 0,01 mm kwaye ± 0,001 mm. umgca ekulibazisekeni okanye emanzini transducers kwimo wesithathu kwakhona ngcono ukubika womlinganiselo.