Cartouche Egyptian - okuluphawu koFaro

ihlabathi omlingo yaye kungakholeleki eYiputa yamandulo nangoku utsala abantu abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Uninzi iimpawu bakhe bemihla namhlanje bengabazi ezininzi.

Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuba aluphakamise kancinci ikhuselo kuyimfihlo. Uza kufunda ntoni na cartouche umYiputa. Le zalo, uphawu iziphumlisi, okanye enye into?

Indlela ukuwuqonda eyayimela?

It is a ileta engaqhelekanga engaqhelekanga ithumba ngokubheka. "Imiqondiso engcwele," njengoko zazibizwa yi namaGrike endulo, okanye eyayimela wazikrola iibhloko lwamatye iiphiramidi, Stella, amacwecwe odongwe ezazibhalwe kwimipapiri ekulobeni. Kodwa akukho namnye izizwe ezingabamelwane akazange zijolise ukungena kwi ubunkazana bazo.

Ngoko ke, inkqubo zokucazulula le leta yalibaziseka iminyaka emininzi. Sesona sisombululo weza kuphela ngengozi. nomhloli French Francois Shompolon uyakwazi ukuwuqonda inxalenye ebalulekileyo zabalinganiswa usebenzisa i-Rosetta Stone. Yaba ezimbini efanayo yetekisi. One in Greek yamandulo, okwesibini - on the umYiputa.

Eyokuqala ezifundekayo amagama kwePtolemy kunye Cleopatra, abhijelwe cartouches.

Ngoko ke, ukuqala Egyptology wabeka kanye aba balinganiswa. Photo of the Rosetta mbhalo kuyabonakala ngezantsi.

Types of yokubhala yamandulo

Le nkqubo yokubhala ukulungiselela ixesha elide. Umhla Ixesha wabaphandi bakholelwa umbundu IV kunye leminyaka III BC.

Ekuqaleni kwakukho pictograms ezilula, oko kukuthi ukuzoba ilizwi ukuthini. Ukuba ilanga zabuya, ngoko oko bekuya kuthetha nje ukuba ukukhanya akukho wumbi.

Kamva ukuqala ukwandisa imihlaba ye-icon. Ngoku ilanga kunokuthetha nje kuphela, kodwa ilizwi ezifana 'imini. "

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le ncwadi kuba nzima ngakumbi. Ngoku yakhona bamele iileta, iisilabhili, amagama.
Kukho nezinye iindlela zokubhala. Kukho ngoku ileta demotic kwaye hieratic, kwaye eyayimela ezingcwele yamandulo. Iifoto labasebenzi bemigca ezimbini zokuqala ibekwe ngezantsi.

Yintoni cartouche? photo

Ekubeni eyayimela yaseYiputa ezifundekayo isiFrentshi, yaye olu phawu kuthiwa kule lwimi. "Cartouche" lithetha "iphakheji, iinyanda," leyo, enyanisweni, uyakhumbula.

Enyanisweni, njengoko kanti, ukuba umfanekiso isitayile umsebenzi osontiweyo kanaphakade. Ngaye siza kuthetha kamva.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na intsingiselo yalo phawu? AmaYiputa ebizwa ukuba "chenois" - "kanaphakade". Cartouche - circuit ezizodwa underscore - okoltsovka igama lokumkani isicatshulwa. Into efanayo indlela mihla yokubhala kunye ngonobumba omkhulu. Xa yakhona ngenxa yokuba wayengekho iincwadi ezinkulu nezincinane, iimpawu zokubhala.

Imbonakalo yokuqala yale mhla phawu emva ebukumkanini kaFaro Sneferu, 2500 iminyaka BC.

Le cartouche sizibhale ezimbini zokuqala amagama ezintlanu kaFaro, njengoko kwakunjalo amathathu asele izihloko nje. Igama lokuqala yegama elinikwe ekunyukeni eziya etroneni, yaye wesibini - zanikwa ekuzalweni.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, eYiputa kwakukho iincwadi zeempendulo eziliqela, ubungakanani bamagama. Le ngokudibanisa (Demotic) cartouche - yinto nje iperi izibiyeli kunye umgca othe nkqo.

ring shen

Ekuqaleni, lo phawu imele phakade kunye nokhuselo imikhosi ezinobutshaba. Kamva, kwixesha lamaGrike namaRoma, inxulunyaniswa Ouroborosom, inyoka Eliluma umsila wayo.

Embindini ka BC yesithathu, ooFaro baqalisa ukuba isetyenziswe kule fomu olukhuselayo magic igama lakhe. Amazwi okuqala amabini igama itrone elinikiweyo ekuzalweni ziye zaziwa abaninzi.

Yayifudula ukuba xa ufunda igama lokwenyani lwe umntu okanye into, ukuba bafumane igunya phezu kwazo. Le nkolelo wasinda de ngenkulungwane XIX, xa abazalwana Grimm wabhala tale "Rumpelstiltskin."

Amaxesha amaninzi ungene "chenois" babengamahlakani uFaro kulawula Horus, ukhetshe-uthixo. Le yokugqibela yi ikhusela nje ukumkani, kodwa likuvumela ukuba kulawula ngonaphakade ngathi yindlalifa yakhe. Oku kuboniswa esebeni wesundu, apho kukho cartouche isitayile. Lo ngumfanekiso ngenxa yobukumkani.

Ngenxa yoko, ooFaro ngokusemthethweni ibango amandla akhe obuThixo phezu Upper eseZantsi eYiputa.

eziqwini

Ukukholelwa imilingo, ukukhafula, ukukwazi kakubi ngasese omnye umntu wanika uphuhliso oku, njengoko ukwenziwa njengamakhubalo kunye abaye.

Ekuqaleni kwaba ngumqondiso nje yentsapho yasebukhosini. Bawarhawula igama kaFaro kunye nomfazi wakhe. Kodwa kamva, xa ilizwe weza phantsi kweempembelelo angaboyisi ezahlukeneyo, sinalento safudukela kudidi lwe nkonzo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, lo cartouche umYiputa - yinto blank nje ukuba ikhubalo.

Le tablet embhoxo ngelitye, ngentsimbi, iinkuni, okanye udongwe, okubhaliweyo igama lomntu wayithenga.

Kukho amabali eziliqela malunga nemvelaphi cartouche kwindima zalo.

Ngokutsho kuqala kubo, u ta va u uboya intambo ngeqanda, apho abasemathanga kunye kumaBedou zikungqinge iintente zabo. Oku ke kuthintela le ukungena izinambuzane ezincinane, noonomadudwane, iinyoka kunye nezinye izirhubuluzi ngaphakathi.

Inguqulelo yesibini kukuba inokubasisiqhelo yokhuselo isangqa magic.

Elesithathu kufutshane nesithethe umYiputa. Apha kule cartouche ubone umfanekiso isitayile yomhlaba uthixo Geb (umgca tye), ngaphezu apho kumi enkulu uthixokazi Base. Iquka kwaye ikhusela zonke iingxaki kunye amashwa.

Enyanisweni, xa isithethe eyimfihlakalo laseYiputa yamandulo kwakukholelwa ukuba lo cartouche iqulethe iqhekeza umphefumlo womntu, ogama lakhe ibhalwe ngaphakathi.

Ngenxa yoko, abafundi oyintanda, namhlanje sifundile ukuba eli cartouche umYiputa.