Carbon Technical, ukulungiswa kwayo

Ikhabhoni black (GOST 7885-86) - type imveliso carbon mveliso, zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi irabha nje lokufaka, nokubethelela iipropati yalo encedayo yokusebenza. Ngokungafaniyo coke netela phantse omnye carbon abamnyama ufana imbonakalo.

enkulu isicelo

Malunga nama-70% ye-carbon emnyama wavelisa isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa lwamavili,-20% - lokuvelisa iimveliso zerabha. Kwakhona, icarbon Technical isetyenziswa esenziwe ipeyinti inks imveliso, apho ukhonza ngombala omnyama.

Enye intsimi lwesicelo - ukuveliswa iiplastikhi kunye esingxotyeni intambo. Apha imveliso idityaniswa njenge lokufaka kunye nokwenza imveliso iipropati ezizodwa. In abasakhasayo carbon emnyama esetyenziswa kwamanye amashishini.

feature

Carbon black - inkqubo imveliso equka latest technologies zobunjineli kunye neendlela zolawulo. Ngenxa yokusulungeka iseti echazwe ngokungqongqo iipropati emzimbeni imichiza, oko akananto yakwenza uthuthu lweziko, njengoko eceleni ezingcolisekileyo ukusuka amalahle neoli amafutha, okanye ezingalawulwayo iinjini komlilo. Ngokutsho eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi yokuhlela ngamazwe black carbon echongiweyo Carbon Black (carbon abamnyama translation evela IsiNgesi), carbon abamnyama IsiNgesi - umlotha. Oko kukuthi, la magama ngokwangoku akukho ndlela badideke.

effect yokukhulisa ngenxa carbon black yerabha kuzaliswa akukho kubaluleke ngaphantsi kweemeko yerabha yokuhlanganisa yokuvula sulphur ngenxa kuphuhliso lwamashisini ngerabha le. I rubber ezaqanjwa carbon iqela elikhulu zezithako ngokobunzima zeeteksi zerabha yesibini. Ifuthe iimpawu esemgangathweni carbon abamnyama iimveliso zerabha kakhulu ngaphezu nto iphambili qualitative - irabha.

abalwazi izakhiwo

Ukuphuculwa iimpawu ezibonakalayo ngayo izinto ngokuthi unike lokufaka ekuthiwa unyanzeliso (unyanzeliso), kunye yokukhulisa ezo zibizwa ngokuba fillers (carbon emnyama, sivete dust). Phakathi zonke yokukhulisa ngokwenene iimpawu ezizodwa carbon zobugcisa. Kwanangaphambi ephilisa sibopha kunye ngerabha, kwaye umxube ayikwazi kuhlukaniswe ngokupheleleyo carbon emnyama irabha kunye izinyibilikisi.

Mandla irabha, zivela elastomers ezinkulu:

Le tafile yamanani ibonisa indlela iimpawu vulcanizates efunyenwe iintlobo ezahlukeneyo irabha zihlala kunye ezaliswe carbon omnyama. Ukusuka kwezi data oko kubonakala njani umxholo carbon iphembelela kakhulu kwi component yerabha eqine amandla. Ngendlela, ezinye Ithatyathwe emigutyeni kwamaqondo eparticulate ezisetyenziswa kwimixube ngerabha ukudlulisela umbala ofunekayo okanye cheapening umxube - itshokhwe, kaolin, talc, oxide intsimbi kunye nabanye azinazo iipropati abangakumbi.

isakhiwo

Pure carbon yendalo - eli diamond mifanekiso. Baye crystal isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu omnye komnye. Diffraction ray esekwe kwihi ku isakhiwo grafayithi zendalo kunye nezinto yokufakelwa le carbon emnyama. athom kwekhabhoni ifomu grafayithi ngongqameko thunzi enkulu edidekile, iinkqubo enuka kamnandi, kunye interatomic izithuba 0,142 NM. Ezi makhishithi graphitic incitshisiwe iinkqubo enuka kuthiwa iinqwelomoya Uhlobo Lokuqala. Umgama phakathi iinqwelomoya lichazwa ngokungqongqo kwaye 0,335 NM. Zonke ezi zoleko zicwangciswe isalamane eyayingqalene omnye komnye. Grafayithi konga 2.26 g / cm ^3.

Ngokungafaniyo grafayithi kokuba odolwa-ntathu, icarbon abamnyama luphawulwa njalo kuphela emacala-mabini. It iqulathe moya grafayithi aphuhliswe kakuhle, amalungiselelo malunga zifana omnye komnye, kodwa lisisiqalo kuthelekiswa maleko ezimelene - oko kukuthi, ngokungakhethiyo abemi moya ngokuphathelene eqhelekileyo.

Waxonxa isakhiwo grafayithi kuthelekiswa ne sinendawo kakuhle elibhalwe ngokuqhelekileyo amakhadi, kwaye carbon isakhiwo ezimnyama sinendawo of namakhadi apho nokuxhasa amakhadi. It interplanar iiseli ezinkulu kunolo grafayithi kunye 0,350-0,365 NM. Ngoko ke, le carbon ingxinano abamnyama ngaphantsi koko le mifanekiso yaye ngaphakathi 1,76-1,9 g / cm ^3, kuxhomekeke grade (idla 1.8 g / cm ^3).

kombala

Abantu abantsundu sombala (imibala) carbon ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa inks bokushicilela, Ipeyinti, iiplastiki, imicu, iphepha kunye nezinto zokwakha. Bona zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• carbon vysokookrashivayuschy ezimnyama (WO);
• sredneokrashivayuschy (MS);
• normalnookrashivayuschy (RC);
• nizkookrashivayuschy (LC).

Incwadi yesithathu kubonisa inkqubo yokuvelisa - ezikweni (F) okanye i-channel (C). Amagama UMZEKELO: HCF - vysokookrashivayuschy black ezikweni carbon (Hiqh Umbala zomlilo).

ikhono imveliso Umbala sinxulumene ubungakanani bamasuntswana bayo. Kuxhomekeka carbon lwabo ubungakanani Technical yahlulwa ngokwamaqela:

ngezigaba

Carbon ngezimnyama zokuzila ngenxa irabha yandisa nefuthe isidanga wohlulwe:

• Vysokousilivayuschy (enilinyatheleyo, okuqinileyo). Ngaphandle amandla ukwanda kunye nokumelana lingonakali. Ubungakanani yamasuntswana incinane (18-30 NM). Isetyenziswa emibhinqweni yokuthutha, enyathelwa yintende ivili.
• Poluusilivayuschy (wocingo, kancane). avareji ubukhulu bamagaqa (40-60 NM). Used in iimveliso yerabha mveliso ezahlukeneyo, izidumbu ivili.
• Nizkousilivayuschy. Ubungakanani yamasuntswana mkhulu (ngaphezu kwama-60 NM). Ishishini waseTire isebenzisa anqongophele. Inika amandla eziyimfuneko ngexesha ilondoloza okubuyela kwimo ephezulu iimveliso ngerabha.

A kudidi epheleleyo kwekharbon abamnyama zinikwe D1765-03 ASTM standard, owamkelwa ngabo bonke abenzi behlabathi ngayo imveliso kunye nabasebenzisi balo. Ukuhlelwa It, ingakumbi, lwenziwa kwi uluhlu kwindawo umphezulu ezithile amasuntswana:

Ukuveliswa carbon

Kukho lwezobuchwepheshe ezintathu carbon zabamnyama, esetyenziswa kumjikelo yokutsha engaphelelanga of hydrocarbon:

• eziko;
• isiteshi;
• tube;
• plasma.

Kukho kwakhona indlela oshushu apho yokubola kwegesi yendalo okanye iasithilini kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

amanqaku ezininzi ezifunyenwe iintlobo ngentlobo zobungcaphephe aneempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo.

technology lokuvelisa

Isondlo kungenzeka ukufumana carbon abamnyama zonke iindlela ngasentla, Noko ke, ngaphezu kwama-96% of imveliso eyenziweyo ilungisiwe yi indlela iziko yomxhesho engamanzi. Le ndlela ivumela ukufumana iintlobo brand of carbon emnyama kunye iseti ethile iipropati. Umzekelo, carbon black izityalo eOmsk ukusebenzisa obu bugcisa yenziwe ngaphezu kwe-20 carbon amaphawu amnyama.

technology jikelele. Izinto hlela vysokoogneupornymi reactor anikezelweyo igesi yendalo kunye ndinobushushu 800 ° C emoyeni. Xa evuthayo irhasi yendalo avelisa iimveliso ukutshiswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba lobushushu 1820-1900 ° C, equlethe umlinganiselo othile mpilo. Xa imveliso-amaqondo obushushu aphezulu yokutsha ngokupheleleyo ezizizembiwa feedstock ulwelo lesitofu, ngocoselelo pre-ephikisanayo kunye ndinobushushu 200-300 ° C. Pyrolysis le feedstock lwenzeka kubushushu kulawulwe, leyo, kuxhomekeke uhlobo le carbon emnyama okuveliswayo amaxabiso ezahlukeneyo ukususela 1400 ukuya 1750 ° C.

Kude elithile ukusuka isithuba feed thermooxidative basabela lipheliswe ngenaliti ngamanzi. Senziwe yi pyrolysis le carbon abamnyama kunye iigesi indlela ufake umoya imbawula, apho ukuncama inxalenye ubushushu wayo umoya kusetyenziswa kule nkqubo, iqondo lobushushu uglerodogazovoy ngomxube lehla ukusuka 950-1000 ° C ukuya 500-600 ° C.

Emva okupholisa ku 260-280 ° C yi naliti olongezelelweyo wamanzi umxube carbon emnyama kunye neegesi luthunyelwe kwi filter ingxowa, apho carbon abamnyama siyahlukana irhasi kwaye engena hopper lokucoca ulwelo. Le black carbon wahluliwe lokucoca hopper ngokuthutha igesi conduit fan eyondliwe (zenkohlakalo) kwicandelo granulating.

Kubakhi carbon abamnyama

imveliso World of carbon black ingaphezulu kuka 10 million tons. Loo imfuno enkulu kuba imveliso kubangelwa ikakhulu kwiipropati yayo abalwazi ezizodwa. amashishini zikaloliwe zezi:

• Aditya Isalathiswana Group (India) - malunga ne-15% yemarike.
• Cabot Corporation (USA) - 14% yemarike.
• Orion izakhi Carbons (Luxembourg) - 9%.

Abavelisi inkulu carbon Russian:

• Ltd. "Omsktehuglerod" - 40% emarike Russian. Plants e eOmsk, Volgograd, Mogilev.
• OAO "Yaroslavl carbon zobugcisa" - 32%.
• JSC "Nizhnekamsktekhuglerod" - 17%.