Ostap Vishnya: engobomi, ubuchule, ubomi kunye noluhlu lweencwadi

Kukholelwa ukuba lo mntu ubalulekileyo, ngokungafaniyo izilwanyana - ukukwazi ukonwabisa kunye nokukwazi ukuhleka. Enoba oku kuyinyaniso, uya kuba nako ukuthi ngaphandle kokuba zofuzo, uze kwiminyaka, namakhulu amabini, xa ekugqibeleni kulunga kunye DNA yomntu. Inye kuphela umntu qiniseka kanye ngoku - ukukwazi ukoyisa iingxaki ezihlekisayo kwenza ubomi kuphela ezimibalabala, kodwa kumnandi nayo ngakumbi.

Ostap Vishnya, ogama biography 'umdla abaninzi abalandeli bakhe - indoda umngeni nxi. Watsho wawa ukusinda iimfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, utshintsho kunye nokutshintsha kolawulo eziliqela kwezopolitiko. Ukongeza, izihlandlo eziliqela waba yayisecicini yokufa, sakhonza enkampini iminyaka emininzi ngezityholo mbumbulu-up. Noko ke, nangona zonke ezi ziganeko, wakwazi ukuhlala indoda enyanisekileyo nezinesidima, kwaye ongazange alahlekelwe uburharha emenza ukuhleka izigidi zabafundi.

Biography Ostap Cherry (Paul Hubenko): Umbhali ebuntwaneni

Kuzalwa eliqhula kwi amafama yintsapho eqhelekileyo kummandla Poltava phakathi kuNovemba 1989 (ngoku. Grun kummandla Sumy). Ngaphandle kwakhe, abazali wayenabantwana elinesithandathu. Nangona ubomi nzima nentlupheko, abazali baye akhulile kwaye banceda ukuba eme kubo bonke abantwana bakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba omnye wabazalwana Ostap Cherry waba umbhali-humorist phantsi elabo lokho Chechvyansky. Lowo ethembisayo kunye noodade uPawulos - uCatherine. Kodwa kungekudala ngabom bawushiya umsebenzi boncwadi, uthi isenzo sakhe, ukuze neentsapho zabo kunye abaninzi kangaka ababhali.

Njengoko uPawulos ikhula, wathunyelwa ukufunda kwisikolo sabaqalayo Zenkovsky. Emva kokuphumelela kwakhe guy abanetalente waqhubeka izifundo zakhe kwisikolo yezonyango Military komzi Kiev. Emva kweminyaka bakhe Hubenko elinesibhozo ubudala, yaye wakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi lokuqala.

Ekuqaleni wasebenza ngazo umkhosi, kodwa kamva ndakwazi ukufumana uguqulelo kutyando Kiev Hospital South Western Railways. Nangona isibakala sokuba uPawulos wakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle amayeza, wayefuna ukuba ukubhala. Kungenxa yoko le nto wachitha ixesha lakhe elisecaleni kwimfundo-self. Imizamo yakhe akulambathanga; waza wadlula iimviwo zangaphandle kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibhozo esikolweni, nto leyo wamvumela ukuba angene University of Kiev. Ngelishwa, uPawulos nakugqiba, ngokuba ukuvukela, yaye emva kweMfazwe Civil.

NgezoBomi kunye nomsebenzi kwiMfazwe Civil

Ngokutsho ngobomi ezisemthethweni Ostap Cherry, ngo-1918 awathunyelwa inxalenye nokuxilonga Ukrainian People Umkhosi (ngamanye amaxesha ukwakhiwa yomkhosi ebizwa ngokuba "Petlura"). Namhlanje kunzima ukutsho indlela ekwabelwana iinkolelo zabo, kodwa ugqirha, kwafuneka ukunceda bancwine abahlatyiweyo. UPawulos waphumelela kulo, njengoko kangangonyaka wakwazi ukuba banyukele isikhundla njengoko intloko kulawulo lwezempilo kaloliwe UNR.

Kwiminyaka engamashumi Pavel Gubenko yathinjwa ndawonye. Apha, oko njenge "ukufunyanwa" kakhulu ezixabisekileyo wathumela eKharkov, apho wayefuna ukudubula. Noko ke, ekufikeni ukuba umbhali ngokukhawuleza kunikwa igumbi endlini zoluntu, nangona kunye kweliso ngasekhohlo. Ngoko Ostap Vishnya (biography of umbhali akanayo ulwazi oluchanekileyo, kutheni Kwathi, oko amarhe ukuba omnye wamagosa, ababethanda nobuchule umbhali entsha, wacela uxolo lwezindlu yokugcina) okokuqala wasinda kubulawa.

Nangona imfazwe kunye omninzi umsebenzi esibhedlele, uPawulos Hubenko ngenkuthalo ukubhala. umbhali yapapasha wokuqala intwana yakhe satirical osihloko sithi "utshintsho Demokratichnі Denіkіna" nje phambi ekuthinjweni. Lo msebenzi ngokukhawuleza ndizuze abantu njengoko umbhali ngqo kwaye scathingly bamhleka iintsilelo karhulumente UNR kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yayo. Noko ke, wahlala phezu kwicala abantu abaqhelekileyo njengabazali bakhe. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho bucala iinkumbulo nezalamane kunye nabahlobo bakhe, kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe Hubenko wabonakalisa uthando abantu bakhe nelizwe, nangona zonke ubuthathaka neentsilelo. Lo msebenzi, ukuthi lasayina elabo Pavel Grunsky.

Ubuchule ngexesha ukufika kwamandla Soviet

Emva kokuba impumelelo upapasho lokuqala zonke satires phantsi efanayo elabo kuba kaninzi kupapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba. Ngehlobo lowe-1921 yanyatheliswa umsebenzi odumileyo "I Kooks їy uThixo!", Nguwuphi kuqala basayine igama wobuxoki Ostap Vishnya.

Biography yombhali kunye efanayo ixesha ezaliswe eninzi iingozi. Ngoko ke, emva kokufika lokugqibela igunya yiSoviet kummandla Ukraine Ostap Cherry abebekwe izityholo, waza waqalisa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwinkcubeko nokupapasha ubomi kwilizwe labo. Umbhali uba nenxaxheba kwimibutho emininzi zoncwadi ezifana "Hart" (Community uyazazi ukuba ababhali Ukrainian) kunye 'ikhuba "(umlimi uluntu kubabhali Ukraine) kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, usebenza kuhlelo lwe phephancwadi satirical "Red Pepper" (kamva yaziwa ngokuba "pepper"). Yaba uhlelo lokuqala ezimbini amanani eza amagama ayo. Kamva, umzalwana wakhe, uHorace lokho Chechvyansky, wakhonza umhleli phephancwadi. Ukongeza, umsebenzi ebonakalayo umbhali owaziwa ikomiti eququzelelayo i kweManyano Writers.

Naphezu kobunzima wokusungula omtsha urhulumente, ingcinezelo, ukungabikho kokutya kunye nazo zonke izinto eziyimfuneko, umbhali angalahlekelwa lokuhle yakhe, kwaye asathe gqolo ukubhala. Njengelungu le-"zokulima", wanamathela postulate zazo eziphambili - ukubhala in Ukrainian. Kungekudala Ngenxa le ndoda iza kuvela uhlobo olutsha uncwadi - "usmіshka" ( "Ncuma"). Olu hlobo feuilleton gqith ngamaqhekeza ahlekisayo ngesimbo abanam.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe yalo kunye nexesha ezilandelayo Ostap Vishnya, ogama engobomi idla kuthelekiswa biography of Gogol, baqhubeka isithethe satirical ka yokugqibela, kwakunye Saltykov-Shchedrin, yaseChekhov, nababhali Ukrainian - Shevchenko, Franco kunye nabanye.

Ukumbamba kunye iminyaka entolongweni

Nangona isibakala sokuba Ostap Cherry zixolelwe ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe phezu UPR ngo-1930 kwenye phephancwadi yoncwadi lapapasha inqaku ebalulekileyo ngu Alekseya Poltoratskogo ngomsebenzi zombhali. Emva kokubanjwa uPawulos kwiminyaka embalwa kamva kwakhona iprintwe kwakhona enye mpapasho.

Ngo elinye ithuba esinzima kakhulu Ukraine ngo-1933, umbhali Ostap Cherry etyholwa ubunqolobi kwaye ilinge omnye lwenkokheli zombutho kwaye ithunyelwe Gulag iminyaka elishumi. Namhlanje kunzima ukutsho ukuba uye waba negalelo ekubanjweni. Mhlawumbi ababhali elidlulileyo, mhlawumbi, inkalipho yakhe emsebenzini. Amanqaku bakhe Ostap Vishnya wathi ngamanye amaxesha kube lula ukuthetha into ebalulekileyo kunye ezinzulu a joke, okoko nje ukuhluza iindaba kunye nokuqonda iya gaba yintoni kukho ityuwa, kufuneka eprintiweyo.

Ngokutsho noovimba declassified ixesha kuyaziwa ukuba Ostap Cherry rhoqo alihlola phezu. Ngaxa lithile wayefuna ukuqesha, kodwa batshintsha iingqondo zabo. Ezincwadini zakhe kunye iidayari ze Pavel Hubenko kunokuba basabela kabukhali malunga nkqubo wokukhutshwa Ukraine iintsapho, kwaye abonakala ngathi indlala kummandla lizwe ngowe-1928, oko kukuthi, iminyaka emihlanu phambi kokuba iqale. Mhlawumbi lo umququ yokugqibela, kwaye kwakhokelela ekubanjweni neentlawulo zobuxoki.

Kuthiwa, nangona zonke iimpazamo, umbhali kakhulu unethamsanqa ukuze sisinde bonke, ukuba ndibuye ndiphile ngokuvisisana kwimeko yesiqhelo. Eneneni, abaninzi ababhali kunye bakhe wadutyulwa kwiminyaka efanayo. Umntakwabo wadutyulwa ngo-1937.

Kakhulu efanayo Paul Hubenko siphephe iindlela ezimanyumnyezi onjalo in ayikwazanga kuphela ukumangaliswa eminqubeni. Kulo nyaka, waqhama umninawa wakhe lokho, ukuba abasebenzi Ukhta-Pechora inkampu, apho ukuba ukhonza yonke iminyaka isigwebo sakhe umbhali, yeza ukuze ukwenza igumbi yintlama entsha amabanjwa, leyo okwakufanele ukufika kungekudala. Yaguqulelwa ngolwimi non-lwaseburhulumenteni, umyalelo kwakuthetha ukudubula amanye amabanjwa. Ukuze benze oku, zathunyelwa kwindawo asebumelwaneni. Ostap Vishnya waba phakathi kwabo owalahlwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yemozulu embi adlulisela amabanjwa ukuya kwindawo lokubulawa yalibaziseka. Ngeli xesha, umphathi nkampu isusiwe, yaye ukuze ukudubula umbhali kulahlekile (ngokwe kweminye imithombo, ulawulo wamsindisa nje umbhali).

Ethetha iminyaka kokugqitywa kwale ndoda, singasathethi umfazi wakhe Barbara Maslyuchenko, nto leyo inincedayo ke somyeni wakhe othandekayo yaphosa umsebenzi kwi eyinkunzi wathunyelwa eSiberia. Apha wayehlala kwidolophu ekufutshane iminyaka elishumi entolongweni Ostap Cherry. Ngowe-1943, emva kokuba ukukhonza kota zabo ngokupheleleyo, kwakhululwa umbhali.

Ostap Cherry biography: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi emva kokukhululwa

Bebuyile entolongweni, umbhali waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. Ebudeni beminyaka ekuthinjweni, akazange abhale nto kuyo nayiphi na imeko akukho lwazi malunga imisebenzi Ostap Cherry ixesha yamabanjwa.

indalo yakhe yokuqala emva kokukhululwa lwapapashwa ngo-1944 - "Zenіtka". Ukuyifunda, u nga va utshintsho ngendlela yombhali unobumba. Ngokukodwa, siyaqhubeka ukwenza iziqhulo, kodwa uburharha yakhe nemfihlo kakhulu. Ukongeza, ukuba siphephe iingxaki kunye nabasemagunyeni kunye ukuhluza, Cherry kakhulu bungena Uncumo labo kunye nomfanekiso umbalisi osondeza umsebenzi yonke ngokungathi ukuba amazwi akhe, yaye ukukhanya izimvo zomnye umntu. Ngaphandle koku, imisebenzi umbhali uyaqhubeka ukunandipha ithandwa enkulu phakathi readers.

Emva kokuba IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, ubuchule kunye ngobomi (Ostap Vishnya ubuyela magazini "Pepper" kwaye uyazinikezela kakhulu umgudu ukusebenza kuyo), umbhali ezolile ngakumbi efezekileyo. Ngeli xesha, umbhali uzama ukuba angamchukumisi kwezopolitiko akhethe ukubhala ngendalo kunye nobomi.

Ngowe-1955, ebudeni "nobudlelwane" Ostap Vishnya nomntakwabo badutyulwa kwimeko yesiqhelo mayingabi natyala leyo. Umbhali kunye nomfazi wakhe bakwazi ukubuyela eKiev, apho wafela emva konyaka. Ngowe-1991, i-studio Kiev iye umdlalo ngobomi bakhe. Ostap Vishnya waboniswa ngokufutshane ngoxa entolongweni. Le ifilimu ngokuba "Ukususela uBomi Ostap Cherry", yaye nendima yombhali yakhiwe wabulawa Bohdan Stupka.

Imisebenzi kunye neencwadi lombhali

Sisiganeko ezimbalini umdla: phakathi ababhali Ukrainian Ostap Cherry udidi imveliso yesibini kwinani leencwadi bathengisa (lokuqala, Kakade ke, bobabo edume Bard). Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka 33 wabhala satires ezimbini kuphela, yaye-35 - abantu abaninzi kangangoko 270!

Kweli xesha phambi kokubanjwa kwakhe rhoqo ingqokelela imisebenzi yakhe, inkoliso yabavakalisi USSR waziva imbeko feuilletonistic xa yasayinwa elabo Ostap Vishnya. Biography (uluhlu iincwadi ngeyona inikwe ngezantsi) umbhali liphuhlise ngendlela yokuba wakwazi ukuya kwixesha uthe omkhulu ngenxa yodumo ngayo phakathi readers.

Eminye imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu kunye neencwadi Ostap Cherry:

• Humoresque "avtobіografіya Wam" (1927);
• feuilletons oluthi "Mislivskі usmіshki" (wakhululwa emva kokufa kwakhe, ngowe-1958, sahlanganisa ozithandayo kakhulu abafundi amabali malunga ekuzingeleni);
• ingqokelela "Vishnevі usmіshki Silski", "Vishnevі usmіshki teatralnі", "Vishnevі usmіshki krimskі", "Vishnevі usmіshki zakordonnі", "Ukraїnіzuymos" kunye nabanye.

Imisebenzi umbhali Russian waqalisa ukuhamba ukususela ngowe-1926. Eyokuqala yaba ingqokelela "amabali". I bazizinhanha nguqulo ngo-1927, yaye emva kokuba umbhali ifumene amehlo kangako. A kwesidingo entsha midlalo ye Ostap Cherry kwaqala ngamahlanu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi amabali malunga ekuzingeleni kunye namabali zombhali. De ngokuwa kwintlanganiso USSR yemisebenzi ezikhethiweyo Ostap Cherry ngamaxesha yapapashwa kokubini in Ukrainian kwaye ngeelwimi Russian kunye nezinye.

Malunga umphefumlo ngale ndoda ephawulekayo uthi ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, yena na uhlobo lomntu njani bayisindisile eyona nto ukunceda abahlobo bakhe. Kubuhlungu gqitha ukuba namhlanje umsebenzi wakhe ayikho popular njengokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe eqokelelwe, unako ukuthenga kwi kwimarike intakumba okanye ukulayisha ezantsi ukusuka kwi Internet. Kwakhona Kulilishwa kakhulu ukuba biographers bagxininisa ikakhulu kuphela kwixesha entolongweni yakhe; ukanti umphefumlo engekazani eninzi, iziqephu eqaqambileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo umdla kungaba umdla kubafundi.