Iipholima

Namhlanje, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindidi Iipholima, mhlawumbi, akunakwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso umntu kwemveliso mihla. Oyise isikhundla lawula kushishino enzima kunye zokwakha kwakunye ekukhanyeni kunye nokutya mveliso. Yintoni na le nto ngokungummangaliso?

Yintoni neeplastikhi

Resin - lulwelo macromolecular eziquka ephindaphindekayo izakhiwo chain (monomers). iiyunithi kwikhonkco Polymer kunokuba kakhulu kakhulu. intsebenziswano phakathi kwabo nabanye ngokusebenzisa iibhondi covalent ekhuthaza lokusekwa macromolecules.

Iipholima na imvelaphi organic okanye ezingaphiliyo. Le organic eziphilayo, kufuneka phambi carbon, ezo ke kubalulekile ukuba izakhiwo ezingaphiliyo okanye zokwenziwa. organic polymeric ezi element-carbon-chain kunye hetero.

Ukongezelela, iipholima kunjalo yahlulwe zendalo, iisoyi kunye zokwenziwa. Apho monotsepey eziphilayo kusabela ngamachiza ulungisiwe elibona macromolecular. Umzekelo, cotton wool okanye imichiza, iguqulelwa kwimicu zokwenziwa polymeric.

Yaye ziziphi iinkalo ze Iipholima enziweyo Wokwenziwa? Modern kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ukuvumela ekudaleni Iipholima ngumntu okanye synthesizing ngaphandle kokusebenzisa nto eziphilayo, oko kukuthi, ukuyilwa izinto ngumntu. Iipholima lungiselela kuyondelelaniswe elula kwezinto ezisezantsi-ezinto eziphilayo okanye kwezinye izinto zokwenziwa polymeric.

ngezigaba neeplastikhi

systematization olunemiqathango ngokucalula nokwahlula ngokwamaqela zilandelayo:

1. Iipholima isilwanyana Natural ezisetyenziswa uluntu ixesha elide. Imizekelo zezi zilandelayo: gelatin, glycogen.

2. Iipholima zezityalo zendalo, apho siya eziqhelekileyo. Le starch, irabha, neselulosi kunye lignin.

3. Iipholima kwezimbiwa Natural - lisetyenziswa dust okanye zwi okuthiwa rock njengekristale. crystal Gqiyazana uba ilitye elinqabileyo - neametiste. Xa uhlobo olungumgubo kubhaliwe kuguqulwa esantini eqhelekileyo.

4. Iipholima Artificial eyenziwe organic monomers. izinto neselulosi ukuhluzeka kuloko usebenzisa polyesters wenza: ethylcellulose, benziltsellyuloza kunye methylcellulose esetyenziswa kwishishini ipeyinti le. izinto ezininzi ezenziwe ngoboya, ngethwathwa, uboya, isilika, kunye njalo njalo. D.

5. Iipholima zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumacandelo amaninzi mveliso, safumana ukwanda enkulu. Umzekelo, kushishino kukukhanya ephothiweyo kwaye ezinithiweyo amalaphu Imisonto zokwenziwa njenge ipholiyesta, nenayiloni, ezinepolypropylene, nitrone. Beqine kunene kwaye phantse ezingqondweni. Iipholima data emele isakhiwo esisiseko kwimicu zeethishu ezifunyenwe yi polycondensation ye asidi ezithile imichiza ezifana ethylene diamine, hexamethylene diamine, a polyolefin okanye polyacrylonitrile. Ngoko ke, iimpawu ezingundoqo polimerov- "izinyanya" kudluliselwa, kunye polisoedineniyam entsha ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, sifumana izinto ukukhanya kakhulu kwaye ngelasitiki conductivity thermal ephantsi, abanganyangekiyo iziphumo zeekhemikhali, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye esesibhakabhakeni.

Ngenxa iimpawu ezininzi ezibalulekileyo, iipholima baye bafumana isicelo kuphela noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo, kodwa kwakhona amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa kunye noshishino isiqhumiso, ezolimo, izithuthi, ukwakhiwa, indlu kunye nezinye iinkalo.