Abahlalutyi inoveli "Ooyise and Sons". I. Roman S. Turgeneva "Ooyise and Sons" xa siyijonga, abagxeki

"Ooyise and Sons", ibali kwendalo nto leyo edla enxulumene nemveliso, "Rudin", epapashwe ngo-1855 - a inoveli ukuba Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wabuyela isakhiwo sale lokuqala indalo yayo.

Njengaye, ngo "Ooyise and Sons" bafika bonke imisonto ibali ndawonye owawunenjongo enye, nto leyo edala nomfuziselo Bazarov - abangenakwazi Democrat. Yena kuvusa bonke abagxeki readers. Abaninzi baye ebhalwe nabagxeki ezahlukahlukeneyo inoveli "Ooyise and Sons", ekubeni imveliso iye yabangela umdla omkhulu yaye imbambano. izikhundla eziphambili ngokunxulumene kule ncwadi, siza phambi kwenu kweli nqaku.

Ukubaluleka image Bazarova nokuqonda imveliso

Bazarov akazange kuphela embindini sebali isebenza, kodwa yingxaki. Ngokuqonda kwakhe isiphelo nesazisi buxhomekeke kakhulu uhlolo zonke ezinye iinkalo Romana Turgeneva: indawo yombhali, iinkqubo umlinganiswa, iindlela ezahlukeneyo yokuluka ezisetyenziswa umsebenzi, 'Ooyise and Sons ". Ngokutsho iintloko zezindlu abahlalutyi ingqalelo kwinoveli ndabona kuso twist entsha imisebenzi Ivan Sergeyevich, nangona ukuqonda eyahlukileyo intsingiselo yalo msebenzi umaki.

Yintoni wamthethisa Turgenev?

Ukubethabethana sengqondo umbhali ngokuphathelele hero lakhe kukhokelele esola kunye Iingcikivo bexesha. Turgenev kabuhlungu wahlukunyezwa kuvela macalana onke. Abahlalutyi inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" wathetha becala negative. abafundi abaninzi ayikwazanga ukuqonda ingcamango yombhali. Ukususela memoirs ka Annenkov, kunye Ivan Sergeyevich, sifunda ukuba MN Katkov wacaphuka, ukufunda umbhalo wesandla ka 'Ooyise and Sons "yi sahluko. engakuthandi kwakhe inyaniso yokuba ophambili isebenza kulawula olukhulu kwaye ayifumanekanga ukuxhathisa naphi na ngengqiqo. Kubafundi nabagxeki kweminquba ukuphikisana kwakhona ababeke kakhulu Ivan Sergeyevich ukuba imbambano yasekhaya, apho umgcineleyo Bazarov e inoveli yakhe "Ooyise and Sons". nokuqulethileyo kwabonakala kubo wedemokhrasi ngokupheleleyo.

Eyona oluphawulekayo inqaku ka MA phakathi kwezinye iinguqulelo ezininzi Antonovich, epapashwe kwi "Contemporary" ( "Asmodeus ixesha lethu"), kwakunye nenani kumanqaku zibonakele magazini "igama Russian" (zentando yesininzi), ukubayinxalenye lulusiba di Pisarev, "isigaba ndicinga," "njengokuba zinjalo," "Bazaar". Ezi abahlalutyi inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" thaca neemboniselo ezimbini eziphikisanayo.

Pisarev uluvo malunga umlinganiswa ophambili

Ngokungafaniyo Antonovich, ngubani kuhlolwa kakhulu kakubi Bazarov, Pisarev wabona "ngexesha uTshawe." Ekhona kulo Le umgxeki iye kuthelekiswa eli nani kunye "nabantu abatsha", okuboniswe kwinoveli "Yintoni ntoni?" NG Chernyshevsky.

Komxholo othi "Ooyise and Sons" (ubudlelwane izizukulwana) kumanqaku bakhe beza kuqala. Elibonakaliswe ngabameli kwicala lwentando izimvo eziphambukileyo ngayo umsebenzi Turgenev kaThixo afunyenweyo njengoko "kuqhekeka nihilists" - ubunyani imbambano lwangaphakathi eyayikho intshukumo wedemokhrasi.

Antonovich of Bazarov

Kwaye abafundi kunye nabagxeki 'Ooyise and Sons "waphazamiseka hayi ithuba imibuzo emibini: ngesigxina yombhali kunye AMAGQABAZA ▸ imifanekiso yenoveli. Baya kwenza izibonda ezimbini, oko kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo beqiqa nawuphi na umsebenzi. Kwinkolelo Antonovich, Turgenev wayegula ezintle. Utoliko Bazarov enikezelwa zezi abagxeki, lo mfanekiso ezingabhaliweyo off "ebomini" ebusweni, yaye "umoya okhohlakeleyo", "Asmodeus", ephuma isizukulwana esitsha ngumbhali ngumsindo.

Ngendlela ezinzileyo nqaku Antonovich feuilletonistic. Umgxeki kunokuba ukuba aze kuvakalisa uhlalutyo injongo imisebenzi eyenziwe le khathuni oyinhloko, kufakwe Sitnikov, "umfundi" Bazarov, endaweni utitshala wakhe. Bazarov, njengako Antonovich, akukho gabalala obugcisa, kungekhona esipilini, nto leyo ibonakalisa abaselula. Abanye bathi ukuba umbhali yenoveli kudale lampoon ukuluma, yeyiphi into kufuneka ibe ngendlela efanayo. Le njongo Antonovich - "ukuxabana 'kwisizukulwana aselula Turgenev - sele kuphunyeziwe.

Into angamxoleli Turgenev Democrats?

Antonovich kwi subtext yesihloko ngokungekho kwaye rough uyingcikivile umbhali ukuba kanti inani leyo kakhulu "eyaziwayo" njengenye AMAGQABAZA ▸ kucingwa IGAM. Iintatheli of "Contemporary", ukongeza, umbhali angamxoleli umsantsa kunye phephancwadi. I inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" yapapashwa 'Russian Gazette ", incwadi endala yayikukuba ibe ngumqondiso ikhefu lokugqibela nedemokhrasi Ivan Sergeyevich.

Souks ku "ukugxeka yokwenene"

Pisarev lwabonakaliswa olunye uluvo malunga umlinganiswa ophambili kulo msebenzi. Kokukuqwalasela oku kungekhona izwekazi abanye abantu, ngokunjalo njengommeli ezikhulayo ngelixa uhlobo olutsha kwezentlalo kunye nemibono. Le ukugxekwa ke unomdla mncinane sengqondo umbhali ngokuphathelele beqhawe, kwakunye neempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo lo mfanekiso zokuvakalisa ezobugcisa. Pisarev Bazarov icaciswe umoya ekuthiwa-ukugxeka lokwenene. Wabonisa ukuba ngumbhali ukuboniswa yakhe zityekele, kodwa uhlobo Pisarev ihlelwe kakhulu - ". Iqhawe ixesha 'njenge Kwinqaku osihloko sithi "Bazarov" wathi kubonisiwe kwinoveli, umlinganiswa ophambili, emelwe njenge "ubuso ebuhlungu" - uhlobo entsha, nto leyo uncwadi ngokwaneleyo. Ukutolikwa ngakumbi ukugxekwa Bazarov yaphuka kude ngakumbi nangakumbi zenoveli. Ngokomzekelo, xa esithi "I sabasebenzi yokucinga" yaye "njengokuba zinjalo" egameni "Bazaar" kusithiwa era raznochinets-ngabathwali hlobo, kodwa ekuhambeni ukusondela Pisarev.

Emangalelwa bias

Objective, imvakalozwi kuzolile Turgenev ngomfanekiso ophambili ziphikisana emangalelwa icala. "Ooyise and Sons" - uhlobo "ezimbini zokucwangcisa," Turgenev ngayo nihilists kunye ukungabi, kodwa umbhali wahlangana zonke iimfuno "ikhowudi imbeko"; uya ukuhlonipha umdlali umlo omhle, "obabulalayo" kuye. Bazarov njengomfuziselo kwengcamango eziyingozi, ngokutsho Ivan Sergeyevich, i iqela befanelekile. , Awade kusetyenziswa nabagxeki, ubuqili, apho ummangalelwa imbangi abanye abagxeki, kuba nako ukunika isiphumo esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, eyile underestimating amandla okanye ukungabi, kube buhlungu. Nihilists bafuna ukubeka lzhekumirov babo endaweni "engunaphakade". Turgenev, ekhumbula umsebenzi wakhe ngendlela UYevgeny Bazarov wabhala ME, Saltykov-Shchedrin ngo-1876 ukwenzela i-novel 'Ooyise and Sons ", leyo unomdla kwimbali indalo okwabaninzi, akumangalisi kutheni kuba uninzi zabafundi sinalento luhlale mfihlelo, kuba umbhali asikwazi kakhulu unokuyithelekelela indlela wabhala kubo. Turgenev wathi wayesazi into enye kuphela: akubanga kuyo ngoko akukho ndlela, akukho iingcinga icala.

Isikhundla Turgenev

Abahlalutyi inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" wathetha ubukhulu becala macala onke, unike uhlolo ngqwabalala. Ngelo xesha, Turgenev, njengokuba iinoveli ezidlulileyo ithintela izimvo, ayenzi izigqibo, ngabom Uyayifihla ihlabathi engaphakathi beqhawe ukuze ukubeka uxinzelelo phezu readers. Impixano le inoveli "Ooyise and Sons" ayikho phezu komhlaba. Ngoko ilula ukutolika umgxeki Antonovich kunye Pisarev ngoyaba ngokupheleleyo nendima yombhali iboniswa kwisiqwenga ekwakhiweni, uhlobo iingxabano. Ukuba kuphunyezwa ingqikelelo isiphelo Bazarov eyenziwe imisebenzi umbhali "Ooyise and Sons", imifanekiso nasasebenzayo nangoku abaphandi zinokuphikiswa ezahlukeneyo.

Eugene iimbambano kunye Pavel Petrovich sithe, Noko ke, emva kokuba nzima "uthando test" baphuke ngaphakathi. Umbhali sigxininisa "unya", izimvo okrelekrele le hero, kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi onke amacandelo ezenza umhlaba wakhe. Bazarov - a maximalist, okholelwa ukuba ixabiso owakholwa, ukuba ngaba kungqubana nabanye. Ngokukhawuleza nje lo mlinganiswa yokulahlekelwa "ikhonkco" omnye kwi "chain" ihlabathi - ziye yaphonongwa imibuzo bonke abanye. Kule yokugqibela, loo nto "omtsha" Bazarov, i "Hamlet" phakathi nihilists.