"Bulava" (ngexabiso) iimpawu. Intercontinental enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa "Bulava"

"INtonga yeGunya" - yenye yezinto entsha rocket zasekhaya. Lusavavanywa kule propati. Abanye babo akuphumelelanga, nto leyo ebangele lukhulu ukugxekwa kwiingcaphephe. Kukhuselekile ukuba i "Bulava" - rocket, apho iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ngokwenene, yaye kakuhle oko uza kufunda kweli nqaku. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba eqinileyo-fuel enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa ilungiselelwe ukuba kufakwe lweenqanawa ezintywilayo zenyukliya ( "Shark" uhlobo).

History of indalo

"Bulava" wagqiba ngokuthanda uphuhliso enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa ngo-1998. Ngelo xesha, ngentsika Russian Federation lwaphela Vladimir Kuroyedov, ngubani liphuhlise isixhobo se "Bark" injongo qhinga. Eli bhotwe yalungiselelwa yi% kuphela 70, yaye iimvavanyo alo aye awa phantsi. Emva koko, i-Russian Federation iBhunga wagqiba ukuthumela uphuhliso sha enjalo enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa lwenqila Institute of Technology obushushu, nangona ukuba imibutho engekho ngokupheleleyo amava ekudaleni izixhobo ezinjalo. NgoJuni 2009, oko kwenziwa uvavanyo lokuqala "Bulava" enomjukujelwa, apho waphumelela. Emva koko, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukuqalisa imveliso lothotho inani kwezona ndawo abaqolileyo kunye neendibano. Ngoko ke, ekupheleni kuka-2012, Anatoly Serdyukov wathi imijukujelwa data wangena inkonzo yomkhosi Russian ngo-Oktobha 2012. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2014, oko kwenziwa malunga 46 imijukujelwa, malunga 14 ezaqaliswa ngexesha lovavanyo.

nezilingo eziqhubekayo

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, lo umyalelo wenziwe uvavanyo-20, 55% kuphela ibe yimpumelelo. Ukuphehlelelwa yokuqala enomjukujelwa "Bulava" (ubunzima kunye noyilo ubukhulu) kuthwalelwa phandle September 23, 2004. Okwesibini, leyo kubizwa ngokuba oyinyaniso yokuqala, yenziwa September 25, 2005. Emva koko enomjukujelwa InterContinental "Bulava" sele ziphunyezwe ngempumelelo injongo yayo ayixabela. Ukuphehlelelwa lwesithathu ukusuka kwindawo ontywiliselwe kunye ngwenya zenyukliya "nguDmitry Donskoy" lwaqhutywa ngo-Oktobha 2005. Ekujoliswe kwi Kura uvavanyo uluhlu kwi ena Peninsula, wabulala ngempumelelo. Ngaphezulu kwe iimvavanyo zilandelayo ziye yayingaphelele. I-injini wala Inqanaba lokugqibela rocket elulwelo, oko baphambuka ikhosi waza wawa, nokuzeyisa destructed banal nje. Iindaba ezimnandi kuphela kukuba izigqibo ezifanelekileyo ihlenga components ezithile ziye yenziwe ekuhambeni izilingo akuphumelelanga. Ngenxa yoko, 9 iimvavanyo 10 edlulileyo abaye baphumelela, yaye nemiphumo emihle kakhulu. Ngoku makhe sikhangele enye ingongoma umdla.

Umjukujelwa "Bulava": Iimpawu

Esi sakhiwo ikwaziqhenya mpawu zilandelayo:

• Radius - 8000 leekhilomitha.
• Ubunzima (ukuziqalela) - iitoni 36.8.
• Phosa (resettable) ubunzima - 1150 Kum.
• Ubude / ubukhulu be sungula bhokisi - 12.1 / 2.1 yeemitha.
• Netoti kwinqanaba lokuqala - 2.0 yeemitha.

Umjukujelwa "Bulava", iimpawu nizibambise ufundile, uye ngamanqanaba amathathu. Ezimbini okuqinileyo-kuqala, nabokugqibela - ulwelo. ubunzima lokuqala Inqanaba injini malunga 18.5 iitoni kunye ubude 3.6 eemitha. Xa Inqanaba lesibini idatha azikhange sele zixeliwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Phambi kokuba ekuqaleni kuka-2014 kwaye ayaziwa ukuba ukwenza njani na Isigaba sesithathu. Namhlanje, sitsho ngengqiniseko ukuba ulwelo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinto eqondisa eliphezulu zikwinqanaba lokugqibela ngomoya. Le enomjukujelwa kumafa wayo ukubathwala-10 iiyunithi zenyukliya, nganye into controllable. Kuba phantse yonke idatha, ezaziwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

utshintsho olusandukubakho kwi sakhiwo

Safumanisa ukuba le sakhiwo siza kuba indlela ekhethekileyo ukuze soyise imizili ukuziphendulela. Kodwa oko bekuya kuba le nkqubo iye alikafiki wachaza. Mhlawumbi kuya kuba ithagethi lobuxoki, okanye ukutyabeka okhethekileyo eyenza iyunithi engabonakali radar. Le datha top-neyimfihlelo ingayi kutyhilwa. Ngokwahlukeneyo, amazwi ambalwa kufuneka wathi enomjukujelwa "Bulava", iimpawu esiye sele ngazo, iye noko yala maxesha kule minyaka yokugqibela embalwa yophuhliso. Nangakumbi, lo mgaqo latshintshwa ukuzala units zenyukliya. Ukuba unit irula output ngaphambili phezu ithagethi, ngoko Cwangcisa (saa) kubo, ngoku sebenzisa lo mgaqo "isipha seediliya", okanye "ibhasi yesikolo" - US isigama. Ekubeni "Topol-M" yaye "Bulava" zaphuhliswa ngokusekelwe efanayo (Moscow Institute of Technology obushushu), kunye nokuchaneka zakhiwo yokuqala mkhulu kakhulu, singatsho ngokuzithemba okukhulu ukuya ukusebenza eliphezulu enomjukujelwa enjalo ballistic "Bulava". Kodwa ke, ekubeni kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukileyo - "Bulava-30", "Bulava-M", kunzima ukuthetha nantoni na malunga nokuchaneka kunye nezinye iimpawu isakhiwo elinye.

Izinga "Bulava" imizili

enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa phantse lonke ixesha ngomoya wakhe esingaphathekiyo. elektroniki ekwinqwelo iqulathe inkqubo egqiba isantya kunye nesikhokelo yeflayithi nangoku kwisigaba esebenzayo. Emva kokuba injini icinyiwe, oshukunyiswa enomjukujelwa kwi indlela wokuhlolwa kwaye ilawulwe ezivela ngaphandle. Sinokuthi nesantya a weave enomjukujelwa eliphakathi kwaye elifutshane lebanga twatse. Ke thina sisebenzisana kunye enomjukujelwa enjalo weave, kulo mzekelo, izinga engaphezulwana nje kancinane kwaye imalunga 5-6 km ngeyure. idatha echanekileyo ayikwazi ukuba igama ngenxa yokuba aziwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Noko ke, singatsho ukuba ngexesha kokuvavanywa kwaye kwaqatshelwa ukuba rocket 14 imizuzu Yaphaphazela ngeekhilomitha 5500. Kule singenza kwisigqibo elula ukuba enomjukujelwa yesibini iimpukane malunga 6-7 neekhilomitha. Sinokuthi ukuba isantya umjukujelwa "Bulava" kakhulu yayintle, Noko ke, ngokutsho iingxelo ezininzi, i-US ezinjalo izakhiwo na izakukhawuleza.

nentwana ukugxekwa

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ngenxa yokuba le pesenti esezantsi iimvavanyo ngempumelelo a enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa "Bulava" wabandezeleka eninzi ugxekwa, hayi kuphela abaphengululi zasekhaya. Ngoko ke, i Melika bathi ukuba le imbaxa phantse ikhulu ekhulwini iyafana naleyo rocket "Poseidon-C3". Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela yayisele kuyekiswe inkonzo ephelelwe. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho umntu iinkqubo eziqinileyo-fuel ezimbini kuphela, kunye noluhlu obukhulu kuphela ezintlanu kunye newaka isiqingatha kweekhilomitha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingcali ezininzi zithi kufakwe imijukujelwa zolwandle-based ulwelo xa betye ezifana "Bulava" kuya kunciphisa kuphela olunokwenzeka zokuthintela inyukliya. Kodwa ke, ngokutsho uSolomon (uMyili oyiNtloko), kunciphisa payload ngenxa liphile nokunyuka imijukujelwa.

Ezinye iimvavanyo

Iingcali ezininzi basoloko ugxeke ezintsonkothileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-bekusungulwa "Bulava" enomjukujelwa ngo-45% yamatyala aluphumelelanga. Nangona kakhulu inkcazelo impikiswano, njengoko iimvavanyo ezininzi ziye yaphumelela, nakuba waba aphambuke. Ngaphezu koko, malunga nama-90% abantu baqalisa bangaphumelelanga kwenziwa ngakumbi kuphuhliso esebenzayo. Ke kaloku yasungulwa umjukujelwa, ukuba buqala 10 omnye kuphela kwaba yimpumelelo. La manani zibonisa nje okwahlukileyo - ukuba enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa "Bulava" oluthembekileyo kakhulu, ngoko ukuthetha. KaYuri Solomonov wenza izimvo malunga nenani elikhulu lokungaphumeleli ngexesha lovavanyo. Wathi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuchaza. Isibakala sokuba zonke neenkqubo zakutshanje ezikhokelela ukungafunwa, kwathi owesibini uphuphu. Kwaye ukucacisa mit kwabo ngemvelo wayeqhuba ezininzi iimvavanyo eninzi, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kwakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezincumisayo.

A kangako iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe phezulu kancinci enomjukujelwa enjalo ballistic "Bulava" Ungoyena ukhethekileyo ngohlobo lwayo. Oku ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba kwiimeko yokulwa imijukujelwa ekwaziyo withstanding komlilo laser imipu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kwithambeka ekuqaleni ikuvumela ukuba uqale "ukubaleka", oko kukuthi ngoxa uqhuba ngwenya yenyukliya. Oku kuya kwandisa nezimo we zakhiwo xa iyonke. Phela, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba emva uthotho lweemvavanyo bangaphumelelanga uSolomon wayeka njengomlawuli jikelele MIT, kodwa kwangaxeshanye waba umyili jikelele ezintsonkothileyo. Kwaye ngoku makhe sithethe ngaloo nto, ngoko izinto enomjukujelwa enjalo ballistic "Bulava" iza kusetyenziswa

complex yokuhlala

Ekubeni lo wadalwa bhaza rocket inqanawa enomjukujelwa, kusengqiqweni ukugqiba ekubeni ndawo inqununu yokuhlala - ngwenya zenyukliya. cruisers inkwili Strategic kwaphuculwa project "Shark", umzekelo, "nguDmitry Donskoy" yaye "Arkhangelsk", sele unayo isixhobo lwabo kule ezintsonkothileyo. Phela, kweli nqaku, kukho imifanekiso, apho isakhiwo luzakuqala ukusuka Premier League ngalo mzuzu ubuhle entle yayintle "Bulava" (ifoto emileyo). Umjukujelwa kwakhona efakwe neenjongo "Boreas". Phakathi kwabo, "Yury Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" kunye nabanye. Ekupheleni kuka-2020 sihlelwe ukwakha malunga 8 ngwenya, 3 eziphezu iprojekthi "Shark" no-5 - kuba "Boreas". On eyeliner ngalinye 16 enomjukujelwa "Bulava".

isiphelo

Ngoko kwakhona kunye nani iimpawu eziphambili i "Bulava" entsonkothileyo (ifoto), umjukujelwa njengokuba ubona, ukuba ikhangeleka gqitha, yaye iimvavanyo kutshanje lubonisa ukusebenza kwayo phezulu. Noko ke, igama ofanelekileyo kunzima kakhulu. Kodwa nantsi ukomeleza amandla ngwenya Russian she. Ukongeza, ukuba kunciphise amandla zakhiwo kungenxa yokwanda nokuchaneka. Abahlalutyi abaninzi abazange bathathe yokuzinga rocket ingqalelo xa kuthelekiswa ne-analogue. Ukumelana izinto yonakalisa wadlala phantse indima ephambili ngethuba lokuqhutywa impi.