Abu Simbel. Temple eYiputa wakha kaRamses 2

Ukuze ukuba ulahlekile phakathi kolwandle linikeza evela kwii-arhente ezahlukeneyo iindawo, abantu abaninzi kuzama ukuba bafunde imibombo laseYiputa. Ngoku ezincwadini ezizodwa Ungafumana naluphi na ulwazi malunga kweli lizwe kunye okusuka kwezinye abahambi. Enye yeendawo ezininzi kakhulu kweli lizwe - itempile Abu Simbel. Kodwa asinguye wonke umntu uyayazi loo nto. Kakade ke, ngenxa yokuba kukho ezinika zithandwa ngaphezu Abu Simbel. Egypt waziwa kakhulu iiphiramidi of Giza kunye nomfanekiso esinconywayo seSPHINX sizi. Kodwa ke phambi kwale ndlu ka Februwari 22 no-22 Oktobha uya iindwendwe ezingaphezu kwama-5000.

Yintoni ubatsalela apho?

Abu Simbel kwimephu - idolophu encinane, walahlekelwa phakathi kwesanti Nubia kumntla eYiputa, kufutshane nomda Sudan. iitempile zakhe, zaba nemikrolo waya engxondorheni, emi phezu komlambo ngasentshonalanga of Lake m. lomculo Zobungangamela elimiswe 1244 BC imbeko uloyiso phezu amaHeti kaRamses 2. Okunye ngqo, kukho iintlafuno ezimbini. Ezinkulu ezinikeleyo kuFaro, kunye ngoothixo abathathu, kodwa kancinci - uthixokazi Hathor kunye nomfazi wakhe amthandayo kaRamses, ezintle Nefertari.

Ngokubanzi, ebudeni bolawulo kaRamses 2 yayakhiwe umqolomba iitempile ezintlanu, kodwa Abu Simbel ithathwa ukuba kunayo kubo. Nangona ezi iitempile azinikele koothixo abathathu ezikhuselweyo yomkhosi kaFaro, enyanisweni, bayizukisa kaRamses 2, ngubani waba neminyaka 67 eYiputa. Ngeli xesha ke waphumelela amazwe ali-11. Ma yakhe igcinwa kwi iCairo Museum.

Iimpawu lwesakhiwo kunye nendawo

Yokungena endlwini Enkulu elijonge ngasempuma. Olungaphambili ezihonjiswe eqingqiweyo imitha-amabini ezine kaFaro, ngubani kwazo ebekwe. Abembi bezinto zakudala kunjalo wothusa portrait Inomfanekiso zesi ogqibeleleyo le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo. Kwaye yonke eqingqiweyo ziyafana, omnye kuphela ukwahlula intloko yakhe ngexesha kwenyikima. iinyawo uFaro - Umfanekiso nabafazi nabantwana, kwaye phezu komnyango wetempile umveza uthixo Ra.

Hall

Temple kaRamses 2 iqulathe izithuba ezine buxande, leyo ziyancipha ngokulandelelana. Igumbi lokuqala - banzi kakhulu. Its inkxaso arch eliphezulu ezine-lubangelwe lwemihlathi, neendonga zambethe ngeetekisi kunye imikrolo bebala. Kukho kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kuFaro, ezibiza ngokuba nguthixo uOsiris. Eli gumbi lwaluvulelekele zonke ukubenza. Kule yesibini bangaze bangene 'nengqondo "kuphela. Igumbi wesithathu, nto leyo ngaphantsi kowangaphambili, kwaba kuphela kubabingeleli. Kwigumbi yesine nako ukungena kuphela uFaro kunye nentsapho yakhe. Ukuba kukho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo woothixo HARMAKHIS, Amun-Re kunye Ptah abantu nomlawuli. Wonke umntu ibandla ithetha ngamandla nobutyebi kaRamses 2: iindonga kwigumbi ngalinye ezihonjiswe imikrolo emangalisayo wayengazixeli ngezenzo yomkhosi ubomi bakhe. Kwaye ke umfanekiso phezu eluphahleni kwelanga kunye nephimpi ebonisa amandla kukarhulumente kunye isohlwayo nje ukuba unetyala phambi koFaro.

Kodwa emva kweenkulungwane ezimbalwa, ipeyinti libunile, kwaye Abu Simbel phantse egxile ngokupheleleyo kwentlabathi Sahara. Kwaba kuphela benkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, isifundo itempile Hathor Scientist waseSwitzerland wathi iingceba manani, yaye emva ezinkulu-scale zokumba iminyaka eliqela Ramesses 2 itempile yacocwa ngesanti.

Uninzi yonyaka kwiiholo yayo ilawulwa penumbra, kwaye kuphela ngexesha entwasahlobo ekwindla yasentwasahlobo, leyo ungqamane imihla yokuzalwa kunye ibekwa likaFaro, uyakwazi ukubona i intlekisa yinzwakazi. Ukuze ubone oko, izihlwele zapolonyayut iYiputa kule mihla. Xa kanye 5 iiyure nemizuzu 58 ilanga liphuma ingena etempileni aze aqalise uhambo lwayo ngenyameko ubungqina ngokusebenzisa neeholo zawo. Ekupheleni umendo wayo izilayidi nomqadi emagxeni Amon-Ra, kwaye ubuso kaRamses 2, khefu imizuzu embalwa. Kuthiwa ngawo lo mzuzu uFaro iqalisa encuma.

Emva koko, lo mfanekiso yabangela HARMAKHIS, kwelanga ishiya indlu Enkulu, kwaye ingakhange irwece nomfanekiso Ptah, inkosi kwelabafileyo, abangasweli nto. Kakade ke, akukho mfihlakalo, kwaye kuphela kubalwe ngokuchanekileyo kakhulu nabakhafuli bamaYiputa kunye nababingeleli.

Interesting imfihlakalo kaThixo

Kodwa kwakukho etempileni omnye mfihlelo, leyo ekugqibeleni ulibele. Wonke kusasa ngesifingo, oko itsho ngencwina kunye ukubibitheka. Ukuze ixesha elide kungekho namnye unako ukuchaza lo mhlola, kodwa izazinzulu wakwazi ukuba atyhile imfihlelo. Yonke le umba kwi neentanda kwisakhiwo, okanye mandithi kwamaqondo emoyeni lowo. Xa ilanga, eyakhuliswa, amathanda banzi waqala ukuzivakalisa ezi zandi. Xa wavala, nokugquma wayeka.

Small Temple of Abu Simbel: iimpawu zezakhiwo

Xa leemitha 100 ukusuka endlwini kaThixo Great uyitempile elincinane Abu Simbel. Sinikezelwa uthixokazi samandulo saseYiputa uthando, Hathor, leyo features Nefertari kuba eliphezulu kwaye oyintanda batshintshelwa umfazi kaFaro. We wabhala njengoko umfazi omhle kwaye ekrelekrele. Kuphela oko kwimbali laseYiputa yaMandulo bawongwa le mbeko. itempile Small ibukeka ezindilisekileyo kakhulu ngakumbi yaye iquka iholo elilodwa ingcwele. On ngathi kwi yayigcinwa kukho imifanekiso kaRamses kunye Nefertari 2. KWIHLABATHI umdlalo esinomfaneleko nesilunge kakhulu kunika eyayinaso okhethekileyo. Engcweleni kukho sculpture-tempile wothixokazi Hathor ngokohlobo kwethokazi engcwele, yaye phambi kwalo - umfanekiso likaFaro.

Le entsokothileyo Abu Simbel wayekhwele aguqe njengoMnayile, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu esemqoka. somfanekiso likaFaro ngokulula sibonakale bemgama, emele amandla negunya lizwe. Bakhangela kubangel 'umdla kusasa, xa ilanga liphuma zidyojwe ligazi-elibomvu umbala wabo.

ngokutsha

Xa 60s yenkulungwane lokugqibela etempileni oxhonywe yingozi entsha. Lake, ngasechwebeni wona kubekwe, oku ngokupheleleyo kufaka, yaye ngenxa kwakusakhiwa Aswan edamini iNayile. Kuye oluninzi iiprojekthi ukubahlangula into bezenkcubeko elilifa lethu. Waze wathi ukwakha iglasi nkundla phantsi phezu iitempile. Kodwa kwenziwe isisombululo ekhethekileyo - ukuba ibattery iibhloko zokwakha uze uyisuse uyise kwenye indawo ephakamileyo. Umsebenzi yayizinyaswe ziingcali abavela kumazwe amahlanu. Ichithe iidola ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-42. kweminyaka emine yilo aqingqwe laziinyama ngamnye zalishumi ukusuka kwiitoni ezingama-3 ukuya ku-20, nto leyo kwababaliweyo naxa uthuthwa yayindulana ngumntu.

Apho kugrunjwa kwaye bazaliswa sisincoko emnandi, leyo kuthiwa nokomeleza ilitye. Zizonke engaphezu kwewaka iiyunithi. iitempile zihlanganiswe zagutyungelwa kwaqinisa cap eziphathekayo, wathulula phezu esidulini ilitye, ekufuneka asekelwe eweni. Kodwa kwenziwa esenjenjalo ngononophelo ukuba kwabonakala kumi iitempile apha kangangeenkulungwane. Kunye eliqela ngesitya intloko omnye eqingqiweyo nayo iyanyengezwa kakhulu ngokuchanileyo ibekwe emazantsi yetempile.

isifundo isakhiwo

Ngezi imisebenzi Abu Simbel wahlolwa ngenyameko zakudala kunye neengcali ezivela UNESCO, leyo yahlaselwa ubugcisa abakhi yamandulo. Kokuba ngokutsha ngenyameko isakhiwo esisiseko, iingcali ziye ngokumangalisayo bafumanisa ukuba umgca sangaphandle i amalungiselelo ngaxeshanye ukuya ukwaphula amatye, oko lenziwe itempile ukumelana kunye namatye bakhonza inkxaso yendalo eqingqiweyo emikhulu.

Iron oxide, kusetyenziswa ukomeleza kunokudala isandstone, ukongeza ngokwenjongo yayo ephambili, wanika ilitye ezahlukeneyo imibala eqaqambileyo - ukusuka nemfusa ebomvu kwaye ezipinki. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi wafuduselwa 200 m entsonkothileyo phambili 65 m ngaphezu komgangatho echibini kunye nezikhukula oko engasekho ezisengozini.

Ekugqibeleni, encinane

September 22 Abu Simbel - Temple eYiputa - kwakhona athathe abakhenkethi. Ilifa lenkcubeko iye yagcinwa ukuze mva waza waba ngomnye amakhadi oshishino kubakhenkethi eYiputa.