Yinkululeko kuqoqosho. Yinkululeko uqoqosho lwehlabathi

Ukukhula koqoqosho ngumba obalulekileyo zophuhliso kwilizwe ngalinye, kuba ngumba ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi abemi balo. Kungenxa yoko le nto yinkululeko uqoqosho efanelekileyo zazivelela enezinto ezicacileyo kumazwe onke, kuba kwindawo banamhlanje kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuba ukwandisa GDP. Ekubeni namaqumrhu ishishini labucala zezona injini ephambili yophuhliso loqoqosho, kucacile ukuba imiqobo ekuphumezeni imisebenzi yabo ibe nefuthe elibi ekukhuleni.

utyalo-mali Private - amandla iphambili kuqoqosho

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba engundoqo ukuqhuba amandla lokukhula GDP na utyalo-mali labucala. Kuyinto ngenxa kubo kumazwe amaninzi, yinkululeko yoqoqosho yehlabathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubukhulu utyalo-mali, kokukhona izinga lokukhula koqoqosho. In Russia bekukho ukwanda 1997 notyalo eyinkunzi ezinzileyo, ukususela 2000 (ngaphandle kwentlekele ka-2009) - kunye nokukhula koqoqosho. Ndakhulela kwindawo yabantu kwixesha non-ntlekele, kungekhona nje utyalo-mali lwabo, kodwa isabelo sawo ngokunxulumene GDP. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho umba obalulekileyo yenkqubo zotyalo-imithombo yayo. Yinkululeko uqoqosho ukuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha mali eyinkunzi ezakha imali kwamashishini kunye nemibutho. Noko ke, le mbono isenokuba ukudala iimeko ekwandiseni ukusetyenziswa kwemithombo ezifana-mali karhulumente kunye nabatyali amazwe, imali-mboleko yebhanki kunye nezinye iimali-mboleko. Ngoko ke, aphezulu phezu iindleko zotyalo ziyakuhlawulwa yile nkampani, lo gama izibonelelo karhulumente, amaziko ezemali kunye namaqumrhu angaphandle azisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo.

kuqoqosho olutsha

Uhlalutyo theory ibonisa ukuba ngokwezinga enwenwa ngayo ngoku ukukhula koqoqosho zehlile. Le meko ikhokelela ukuqhubela phambili eziliqela iingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho, ngakumbi abo ezinxulumene nokunikezelwa imveliso yesizwe, umzekelo, ububanzi izibonelelo zentlalo kunye neemali zomhlala-phantsi. Redistributing bambalwa kakhulu ngokwemiqathango GDP, akunakwenzeka ukuba kuzuzwe lukhulu ngokwemiqathango pension okanye inzuzo zentlalo ukuba udidi enkulu yabemi. Iinzame ukwenza njalo ngokuxhaphaza abanye kungakhokelela ekubeni iziphumo enganelisiyo ngokwemiqathango yokuqokelela irhafu kunye ngezikhondo zamehlo zentlalo. Nangona yinkululeko kwezoqoqosho oko kungakhokelela isisombululo ngokukhawuleza iingxaki, oko kunceda kwixesha elide, ngaphandle abangele nezinye iziphumo ezibi. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba ukusebenzisa amathuba ezivelayo ekuqaleni kwewaka wesithathu, enkosi impumelelo ingcamango kwezoqoqosho kunye nemingeni lwehlabathi owayephila eli lizwe lijongene amahle elungileyo ukuze luhlume uqoqosho.

Ukuba nomtsalane kutyalomali lwabucala amazwe

Nokutsala zabucala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle ilele yinkululeko ngempumelelo kuqoqosho Russia, iimeko zoshishino kunjalo ezinzima musa ukuvumela ukuphuhlisa olu lwalathiso. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili amanqanaba ncane kuqoqosho evela phesheya, nokuba ukuphucula ezi meko, iintlanganiso ezininzi koorhulumente kunye iintengiso kwamanye amazwe esona sizathu sokukhula ekungeneni yotyalo-mali. Ukongezelela yangaphandle, Yimali ezibalulekileyo zasekhaya, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, zahlulwe zibe karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kungenzeka lotyalo-mali labucala ubukhulu becala ayisetyenziselwa ngenxa yokuba ngabemi musa ukuthembela imali yabo kumaziko zemali okanye kuyisebenzisa imali zabo iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali. Oku kuthetha ukuba yinxalenye imali aye ngabemi ngenene kuyekiswe ejikeleza, yaye oku kube nefuthe elibi kuqoqosho ngokubanzi. Khangela iimali zikarhulumente eziyimfuneko kufuneka kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa amanyathelo ezifana kwezemali kunye yomgaqo-lawulo wemali. ukuba inkcitho utyalo-mali karhulumente ukuze kwandiswe, kuba, okokuqala, urhulumente ayisoloko imali iiprojekthi ethembisayo, yaye okwesibini, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, inxalenye ebalulekileyo-mali karhulumente sibhekiswe izinto ezingekho inzuzo ( ezifana neendleko zokulungisa lwezindlu okanye amagunya karhulumente). Ukongeza, kusenokuba kufanelekile, kunye nokusetyenziswa ezingephi mali equity njengomthombo iinkcitho utyalo-mali karhulumente.

Economy: Theory Ukukhula

Kumashumi eminyaka yokugqibela yenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa imveliso weza uncedo inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, impumelelo kwiindawo ezininzi anikwe wave entsha lokukhula ngeendlela ezininzi. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo binzana abatyali engakhange baye bathiywe "yinkululeko kwezoqoqosho ', imbuyekezo kutyalo-mali iye ngakumbi kwaye nokubandakanywa yabucala okwenzeka ireyithi ephezulu. ezifunyaniswe Scientific kuqulatha iindlela ezintsha kwimveliso. Abazange kuphela ukwandisa uluhlu lweemveliso, kodwa indlela evulekileyo kunye ubugcisa obutsha, apho unako ngempumelelo umgaqo kwemisebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ekrwada. Ukongeza ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokwandisa umthamo ulwazi, yinkululeko kwezoqoqosho unika iirenti bodwa ngeendleko zomnini ye kukuyilwa nokufumana elilodwa lomenzi wechiza, kwakunye nokukhuthaza izinto ezintsha. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iziphumo zophuhliso kunye nophando kwicandelo lenzululwazi ezisisiseko yinto elungileyo, nto leyo kurhoxiswa, yaye ke ngoko kufumaneka kuye nawuphi na amaqela anomdla. Ngoko ke, kukho into ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni kwezoqoqosho utshintsho zobugcisa. Ngaloo ndlela, sinokugqiba ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umlinganiswa lotyalo-mali yabucala - ukuba baye engemveliso ekumgangatho ophakamileyo-zobugcisa, okanye ukuba kuphuculwe izixhobo lixesha.

Utyalo njengomba yokukhula koqoqosho

Kwimeko yokuqala, umphumo uya kuba imveliso utyalo-mali, nto leyo idala imveliso entsha kunye neempawu ezintsha ngenxa yokuba wadala. Ixabiso imveliso uya kuba aphezulu kakhulu kwiimveliso lamashishini endala. Ngaphezu koko, banikwa ezintsha, kukho iimarike ezintsha, ngokuchukunyiswa imveliso ngakumbi ihlelo. Kwimeko yesibini iza kuba kukuyilwa nokuqhubekeka eqhelekileyo imveliso endala, ixabiso kusenokwenzeka ukuba ahluke kancinane ukusuka Isalathisi iisampuli efanayo ngaphambili. Iindleko ekuphumeni lwemveliso kule meko kuphela ubungakanani njani (ngokusebenzisa Ukwanda ozalanayo emakethini) kunye ngokomgangatho. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kwimeko yokuqala, utyalo-mali ukukhuthaza imveliso iimveliso ekupheleni kakhulu kwimeko yesibini - kwaye igqityiwe, yaye ekrwada izixhobo kunye neemveliso eziphantse-ogqityiweyo. Ngenxa yoko, sinalo iinkalo ezimbini ngokomgangatho ezahlukeneyo kutyalo-mali, owokuqala ikhuthaza ukukhula kangangoko ngaphezu yesibini. Kucacile ukuba lo mzuzu utyalo-mali ngokuvelisa izinto ezintsha nangezinto eziphakamileyo zobugcisa mali kwisivuno imveliso, uza ukudala eyinkunzi imveliso eqhelekileyo, kodwa iintsingiselo zibonisa ukuba eRashiya kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo ikhula yinkululeko kwezoqoqosho, ikakhulu ngenxa kumashishini abucala, enika ilizwe ephawulekayo amathuba, ingakumbi ukusetyenziswa ukwanda eminye imithombo yemali.

Uphuhliso lenkululeko loqoqosho

Kwakhona ingqalelo njengomba yophuhliso nje kuphela imali kodwa umsebenzi. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ingcamango lwezakhono zoluntu, njengoko apho abantu bachitha ixesha ukufumana iziqinisekiso kunye namava. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le thiyori kuhlangene nkolelo ezintsha, emva konke, ukudala, kwaye basebenze kunye kobuchwepheshe emitsha kunye nemveliso ngempumelelo abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela. Enye into ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, iimeko kuphuhliso loshishino.

Ngoko ke, siye sabona ezo izinto zithethwa ithemba ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo lwexesha elide. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba yinkululeko koqoqosho ukusombulula eziliqela iingxaki zasekuhlaleni, yaye ngoko ke sinciphise izinto ezimbi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho kufuneka ibe phakathi eyona miba iphambili.