Obninsk amandla enyukliya sisityalo - ilivo zamandla enyukliya

izityalo amandla enyukliya - sisixhobo ethandwa kakhulu kwimveliso umbane ehlabathini. Ukuvelisa amandla ngayo enyukliya ebesoloko Akwalinganiselwa. Emva kokuba ngozi kwi iChernobyl amandla enyukliya, Fukushima uluntu ehlabathini baqalisa ukoyika sengqondo amandla enyukliya. Ngoku amandla enyukliya lisetyenziswa kumazwe ayi-31. Iinkokeli ekuveliseni lamandla enyukliya - eUnited States, France, eRashiya, China, South Korea. Kwihlabathi ayibeka 411 zamandla zenyukliya.

Kwaye eyokuqala i ehlabathini amandla enyukliya yaba Obninsk samandla enyukliya zezityalo. We luzakuyisebenzisa Obninsk ngo-1954.

History of Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1949 eSoviet Union wenza uvavanyo lwe ezabo yokuqala Soviet atomic. Ezi mvavanyo zaba yimpumelelo, kunye namagosa ziboniswe kwi ukusetyenziswa ngoxolo amandla enyukliya. Kwagqitywa ukuba akhe reactor yokuqala yoxolo ukusetyenziswa yenyukliya amandla ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, Obninsk amandla enyukliya isityalo esaqala ukwakha kummandla ukulungela ukusebenza ngo-1950.

Umthamo olucwangcisiweyo zesityalo ngamandla 5,000 kW. kweminyaka 4 kamva, ngoJuni 1954, isityalo yokuqala amandla enyukliya ehlabathini wavalelwa ukusebenza. Production waba nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo. Isikhululo uvelisa kuphela umbane kodwa ubushushu. Ukongeza, kummandla Obninsk NPP waququzelela kwiziko lophando ukuze isifundo yokusabela zenyukliya.

Race atomic izityalo amandla ophando-based

I-US wazama yogqithe eSoviet Union kuphuhliso amandla enyukliya. Abezopolitiko waseMerika izifundiswa azinakanwa Obninsk NPP site mveliso, esithi, kunoko, iziko yenzululwazi. Bathi ukuba isityalo amandla yokuqala senyukliya Shippingport, Pennsylvania, leyo ngokusesikweni ngo-1958 amandla enyukliya ehlabathini.

Ngubani kwi ekunene na? Bakhetha uhlobo lwaso baseMerika ezibonisiweyo into yokuba Obninsk amandla enyukliya kuphela kuba nenzuzo, kodwa akazange asinde imali isizukulwana idatha ebushushwini amandla ombane kule minyaka yokuqala ukusebenza kwawo.

izazinzulu Soviet basabela yokuba kule minyaka yokuqala kwisikhululo samandla yokuqala ehlabathini iqhutywa ezahlukeneyo iimeko test ukumisela indlela kakuhle yokusebenza. Ngoko nangoko emva kokuqala Obninskaya walidla amandla ombane ngaphezu zaveliswa.

Xa le ndawo obuvelisiweyo kunye abaqeqeshiweyo anabantu nkwili zenyukliya Soviet.

Ukuvalwa kwe yesikhululo kunye namarhe ngengozi

Ngoku ke isityalo ayikho ukusebenza. eKhubheki ngokusisigxina wayeka ngo-2002. Inyaniso kukuba ngeenjongo zophando ukuba wayengasekho afanelekileyo okufanayo ngenxa ubugcisa lixesha nezixhobo akazange uzise kwisikhululo nzuzo.

Legend amandla enyukliya belisoloko yenjongosenzi amarhe phakathi kwabantu. Phakathi bendawo kucingwa ukuba ukuba kufutshane kwinqanaba radiation Inyukliya ngaphezulu kwezinye iindawo esixekweni. Yabemi Obninsk nangoku woyika ukuba bangenele imitha, ngokuba icala esa amandla. Ngokufuthi namarhe ngengozi, ukukhutshwa, ukuvuza kwemitha kunye inkunkuma eqhumayo ukusuka Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant unokuviwa kummandla eMoscow eMoscow. Le into engaqhelekanga kukuba ezi izingxoxo ubesoloko ethatha zisasazwe emva kokuvalwa igunya phakathi kwabantu.

Le myuziyam yi izikhululo ezisekelwe

Okwangoku, le imyuziyam inomdla lamandla enyukliya eRashiya - it Obninsk amandla enyukliya zezityalo. Iihambo zibanjwa apha rhoqo. Ezinye iinkcukacha malunga isikhululo umdla ingakumbi kubatyeleli le yimyuziyam. Umzekelo, nangona ukuvalwa kwisityalo ngo-2002, ngenxa yeenkonzo akukhange olusesikweni. Oku kudala umhlaba amarhe ezintsha uze uthethe ngayo.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba emva kokuphela kwalo reactor yenyukliya yacocwa zamafutha eqhumayo. Eli ziko ke ngokuyinxenye wachithwa. Kwenzeka ntoni kweentonga grafayithi - reactions zenyukliya amodareyithiweyo - izihlwele kwabikwa.

Ngamarhe endimangazayo umdla, kokukhona inani iindwendwe Museum ezitsala Obninsk amandla enyukliya. Photo emnyango engundoqo eya ngaphakathi izityalo kunye ulawulo reactor kwenza eninzi yabafundi Amandla esiza apha kuhambo ngonyaka.

iziphumo

Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant isizukulwane technology kunye namandla langutana hayi kangako. Oku kunokuba uphawu. United States of America zaziwa ibhombu dubulo yokuqala atomic ehlabathini, eSoviet Union, ngokuchaseneyo, ngowokuqala ehlabathini baqalisa ukusebenzisa amandla atom ukulungiselela iinjongo uxolo. Obninsk amandla enyukliya sisityalo - inkampani edume nje kuphela yaye hayi kangako kuba isityalo yokuqala ehlabathini amandla enyukliya, kwaye yeyona inkulu kule minyaka Research Institute for isifundo yokusabela yenyukliya kunye namandla enyukliya kwi-USSR.