Bird corncrake (corncrake): inkcazelo, photo

Phakathi ubukumkani ezininzi intaka, kukho iintlobo umdla kakhulu, amalungu zahluke ayikuthandi iphaphazela. Kuyamangalisa kakhulu, kuba iintaka zenzelwa emazulwini. Nature inkululeko amaphiko azo, kodwa oku ngeentlobo phantse lingaphumi emoyeni. Igama Bird - corncrake, kodwa ibizwa ngokuba Crake (Ifoto jonga apha ngezantsi.).

Ebusuku esinendawo beva ngomsindo izandi engaqhelekanga, into ezikhangeleka ngathi namasele. sibange enjalo apapashe landrails kuba wabugwala nzima ukubona, kodwa uve msitho. Malunga elijongeka le corncrake, apho ubomi, indlela ephila endle, eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

incazelo

Ubukhulu bale corncrake, ifoto sele ekhangeleka encinane, sasinda zalishumi 125-155 g epheleleyo phuphu Kuphela landrails ezindala sidudla mkhulu ngakumbi. umzimba ntaka abangaboniyo elivelayo atshabalalisa yokuxazulula, abaliqela nomsila elifutshane, ubude wing - 14-16 cm, umlomo omfutshane (2-2.2 cm) ububanzi esisekweni.

iintsiba umbala Phezulu obuxutywe yingqombela-mdaka. Pen Centre omnyama, ekupheleni nombala. Esinqeni nesisu buffy-emhlophe, imivumbo bubomvu. Chest, goiter nentamo umbala gray. Amehlo kubomvu-mdaka okanye amangile. Ngokufutshane, landrail intaka Aka landrail ukhangela ngokuthozama nokubengezela iintsiba abakhululwa.

indawo

Landrails indlwane kwi kummandla Eurasia, evela eFransi eBritani eseNtshona ukuya olusempuma yoMzantsi Yakutia, emazweni hlathi kumantla ukuya nezo zibuntlangorha. Uluhlu iintaka data capture esihlanjeni abaseAfrika. Ubusika intaka corncrake ithunyelwa climes ezifudumeleyo of South-Eastern Afrika.

Kumiseni landrails bakhetha obhudlayo kunye yezandyondyo amadlelo, phakathi zengca ingaphelelwayo, emiyezweni ungalinywanga ayegqunyelelwe, clearings ehlathini, kwiindawo semi-obharhileyo nezimbuku. Kwakhona yokuhlala efanelekileyo iintaka izitiya kunye emasimini. Bayakuthanda ukuba kufuphi amanzi, kodwa ukufuma ngokugqithisileyo kwimimandla yabo, ezi ntaka ungenako ukubathwala.

Crake: izandi, ukukhala

Ukuthetha malunga corncrake intaka, kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba igama layo Old Russian "Crake" livela tsala, staccato ukukhala data ezinamaphiko. Izandi zeentaka corncrake kwingingqi evulekileyo yeviwa nokuba sekhilomitha. Ingakumbi neliqaqambileyo i "ukucula" elikhulu enjalo amadoda kunye nabasetyhini ukuziphatha ngakumbi athobeke.

Crake, ziyaviwa ngokwesiqhelo ebusuku ogama izandi, ukutshona kwelanga okanye ngesifingo, ezahlukeneyo ingakumbi ngexesha lokukhwela. Lakhe elikhulu, ngathi kuhlatywa umkhosi twitching "indumezulu-indumezulu, ukukhula-yase boom-kwendyebo ..." inkunzi uzama ukutsala ingqalelo kwamabhinqa ngexesha elifanayo mngeni abadlali.

Ngexesha athandana "iingoma" babo corncrake njengenxalenye ngemincili akayi kuva, ukuba afumane intwana ukusondela kakhulu kuye. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukuhamba ngexesha 'ivesi "Xa intaka uyakhala. Kulapho kwezo zihlandlo, oko stuns nje ngokwayo izandi yayo. Ngexesha ekhala landrail siyakrazula ngamandla phambili entanyeni yakhe, ukuze angabuyeli ngexesha elifanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Ukuba soyikiso intaka okanye yena uvakalelwa le ngozi, umqala wakhe uya kuqalisa ukukhala eyomeleleyo ezibukhali ngokungaqhelekanga, ngathi magpies stridulatory. Kwakhona corncrake Basenokothuka sekunjalo esinye isandi, ngokukhawuleza ephindaphindayo "I". It ukucula yayo engaqhelekanga yahlukile kwezinye corncrake iintaka intaka, inkcazelo imikhwazo zakhe izandi - proof.

indlela yokuphila

Residence landrail (iinkuku) ukhetha ukukhetha limanzi engcotyeni kwengca. Amaninzi, ezi ntaka zingafunyanwa emasimini, watyala izityalo.

Crake ibhekisa kubemi ebusuku, yedwa. Ukuba mvume iimeko zemozulu, nimble, iintaka yenkuthalo ngobusuku kukhokelela yokuphila asebenzayo , yaye kuphela kusasa ukuphuma kwelanga, yiya ukuphumla.

Bona Crake eluhlazeni kunzima kakhulu zokuvakalisa liphuma kuphela imfuneko. Ngoko le ntaka kulula ukuva kunokuba ubone. Running iintaka, ayeguqa inxalenye phambi lomzimba intloko emhlabeni ukuze ngomsila ngasentla. Ngexesha intshukumo zeenkukhu waqhubeka bevuma intloko yakhe, wakhangela, ngamanye amaxesha elungi- yaye ubonakalisa ubude ngokupheleleyo entanyeni. Xa kukho uhlolo emfutshane, landrail ipapasha amayeyeye okhethekileyo, ngokungathi ngokuqinisekisa ngokwakhe yaye uqinisekile ukuba akukho ingozi.

Ukuba ingozi akunakuphepheka, nentaka corncrake indawo yokuqala ezama ukubaleka. Imbaleki yale ngeentlobo achazayo, umzimba wayo elimxinwa lula intshukumo ngokukhawuleza kwingca eshinyeneyo. Xa ungakwazi ukuyiphepha loo akwenzeki, le ntaka ukuba undize up. Ikwenza oku wayephakuzela ezicothayo. Xa ibhabha, imilenze yakhe wagotywa, esi senzo ihlala ixesha elide kakhulu, nje ezimbalwa iimitha landrail ehleli engceni nokuqhubeka ukugcina lula ngakumbi ngokwabo umhlaba.

buphindwe

Male Crake ingabizwa boyfriend lobuchule kunye namava umntu ladies '. Nangona kulungile ukuqaphela ukuba, ngoxa unyamekela obhinqileyo omnye, kwelinye awusebenzisi ixesha. Ukusuka apha ngasentla kucaca ukuba corncrakes poligamny ngokulandelelana.

ixesha lokukhwela kuqhuba ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya kuJulayi. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ngexesha yimitshato intaka amaduna zala kakhulu. Ukongeza "iingoma", nabo nomdaniso ukoyisa iintliziyo iimazi. Xa imazi engena endle umbono eyindoda, uqala ukwenza lokukhwela umdaniso, khangela amabala kakuhle abomvu phezu kwamaphiko apho. Kodwa oku kumda umgudu "nene", nguye bubushushu, kunokutshiseka Unga ukunika ukuthandana zakho ezinamaphiko izipho "encinane entle" ngokohlobo iinkumba kunye iintshulube. Ukuba kokuba nesisa enjalo phezu inxalenye inkunzi ayihambelani ukufikelela, imazi lingalamla ngokwalo zifuna elibaphatha.

Ngexesha elinye, inkunzi ewakhwelayo iimazi ka 2-3, umlinganiselo omnye umfana, kuwa amantombazana amabini. imisebenzi yakhe musa iquka ukwakhiwa iindlwane, hatching amaqanda nokunyamekela nenzala. Xa imazi iqala ukuzalela amaqanda, inkunzi uya kufuna kwenye sithandwa.

unina elizayo ezinamaphiko amalungiselelo indlwane phakathi kwamatyholo ezincinane okanye phakathi kwengca zamafu. Okokuqala ugrumba umngxuma ongekho nzulu, uze olunga- phakathi moss emazantsi iindiza sedges kunye zengca. Enye clutch uvela amaqanda-7 ukuya kwi-12. Female liwaqandusele ngaphandle koncedo uyise ngokungakhathali.

yokukhulisa

Dergach (zeenkukhu) uhleli phezu kwamaqanda kangangeeveki ezintathu elandelwa amantshontsho omnye zizalwa. aba bahamba kunye sinombala-black fuzz. Ngokupheleleyo abantwana singenamandla ayikwazi igama, kuba phantse kamsinya nje phantsi obsohnet, kwamantshontsho shiya yentaka base amkhapha unina wakhe.

Zokuqala iintsuku 3-4-ntlobo zeentaka corncrake ukondla amantshontsho ayo ngomlomo wayo. Xa umntwana ujika kwiiveki ezi-2, zibe elizimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, ngokunokwabo uvelise ukutya. Kwiinyanga ubudala iintaka intsha iqala ukwenza xha yokuqala uze uphume unonophelo sikanina.

Crake iimazi, abahlala eNtshona Yurophu abe phezu zasehlotyeni ukuze akhu- ezimbini amaqanda kwaye bazise namaqembu ezimbini amantshontsho, lo gama abemi ezinamaphiko kwimimandla yasempumalanga ngenxa iimeko ezinzima zemozulu le clutch yesibini lunqabe kwenziwa.

pheko

Bird corncrake ayikho imifino, ngovuyo itye zombini ukutya izityalo kunye nokutya koqoqobo kwesilwanyana. Ngenxa yokuba landrail uncamela ukuhlala kwiindawo echumayo, kunye ukuveliswa iingxaki nokutya ayinayo. Umzekelo, ukulungisa kufuphi nentsimi wokudla, le ntaka uya kusoloko kuzaliswa okuziinkozo izinambuzane.

Yokudla corncrake kuquka iimbewu, Namagatya abaselula kwezityalo. Menu zincediswe izinambuzane ezincinane, centipedes, iinkumba ezincinane, yimisundululu.

labantu

Crake - intaka uzifihle kakhulu kwaye balumke, apho emehlweni abantu efihliweyo. Ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa inani abantu Crake. Umntu kuthathwa kuphela ukuba ngenxa yokwanda kwenani iifama nokusingqongileyo kwiintlobo ezisengozini iintaka akukho sezandleni data.

Kufuneka ke ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo inani corncrake lifinyele. esinendawo emanzi kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo anyamalale yomhlaba, ngenxa yoko, kunciphise labemi Crake, ngubani ikakhulu abahlala kwintsimi ezinjalo.